Financial Accounting Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Loans, owner investments and retained profits are sources of _______.

A

Assets

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2
Q

This statement is also known as a P&L (profit & loss) statement or a statement of operations.

A

Income Statement

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3
Q

The difference between revenue and expenses is called _______.

A

Net Income(Loss)

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4
Q

Type of cashflow that involves everyday transactions.

A

Operating Cashflows

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5
Q

Type of cashflow involving investments in the productive capacity of the business.

A

Investing Cashflows

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6
Q

Type of cashflow that involves getting money to repay loans and pay dividends.

A

Financing Cashflows

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7
Q

A key metric in cost analysis; this term refers to the direct costs attributable to producing a good or service. Term typically used by retailers.

A

Cost of Sales (Cost of Revenue)

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8
Q

A key metric in cost analysis; this term refers to the direct costs attributable to producing a good or service. Term typically used by manufacturers.

A

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

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9
Q

Cost of sales/COGS subtracted from total revenue yields ________.

A

Gross Profit

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10
Q

Summarizes accounts involved in a transaction: increases, decreases, and associated amounts.

A

Journal Entry

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11
Q

No entry can appear on both the balance sheet and the ________.

A

Income Statement

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12
Q

Formula used to determine how much it costs to sell a product/service.

A

COGS/Net Sales

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13
Q

One contract covering more than one valuable good or service.

A

Multiple-Element Transaction

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14
Q

The accountant estimate of the wear and tear on a long-term asset resulting from normal use.

A

Depreciation

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15
Q

When the value of equipment declines faster than originally estimated.

A

Impaired

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16
Q

A contract specifying the terms under which the owner of some property transfers the right to use the property to someone else, without transferring legal ownership.

A

Lease

17
Q

Also known as “incognito leverage,” this occurs when an asset, debt or a financing activity is not shown on the company’s balance sheet. Utilizing this strategy allowed companies to maintain a lower debt-to-equity ratio to make borrowing easier. This practice has been denigrated by some since it was exposed as a key strategy of the ill-fated energy giant Enron.

A

Off-Balance Sheet Financing (OBS)

18
Q

The amount of net income divided by the number of ownership shares in the company.

A

Earnings Per Share (EPS)

19
Q

Profit/gain that has not yet been taken/received.

A

Unrealized Gain

20
Q

Referred to by accountants as “available-for-sale securities,” these are special gains and losses that are listed as special items in the shareholder equity section of a company’s balance sheet.

A

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI)

21
Q

Tax that is owed at some point in the future.

A

Deferred Tax Liability

22
Q

A financial statement in which all the numbers have been divided by sales for the year.

A

Common-Size Financial Statement

23
Q

A measure of the amount of profit earned per dollar of owner investment (= Income/Equity)

A

ROE (Return on Equity)

24
Q

The number of dollars in profit for every 100 dollars in sales.

A

Profit Margin

25
Q

The number of dollars in sales generated each year from each dollar of assets. Measures the company’s efficiency in using it’s assets to generate sales.

A

Asset Turnover

26
Q

The number of dollars of assets purchased for each dollar of owner investment in the company.

A

Assets-to-Equity

27
Q

A measure of the company’s leverage (Total Liabilities/Total Assets).

A

Debt Ratio

28
Q

The length of time from when the company buys its inventory until when the company collects the cash associated with selling that inventory.

A

Operating Cycle

29
Q

The length of time from when a company sells its inventory to a customer until that customer pays in cash.

A

Average Collection Period