Finance Exam Flashcards
Client Services
Any activity provided by a vendor on behalf of a client. This can include customer service, financial management, information technology, social media support, database management, etc. The services provided to a client are agreed on by both parties and detailed in a contract unless otherwise specified.
Internal Risk
The possibility of loss, damage, or injury within a business or other organizations
Financial Records
The financial documentation for an individual, business or other organization. The most common records are a Cash Flow Statement, Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Tax Returns
Securities
An investment tool such as bonds, debentures, notes, options, and shares
Capital
Money invested in a business to generate income. Capital is also wealth in the form of asset which can be an indication of strength of an individual, business or country.
Financial Ratios
Provide a comparison between financial statement items to determine the strength or weakness of a company. Most common ratios are net sales to net worth and net income to net sales.
Cost of Goods Sold
This line on an income statement shows the cost of raw materials and labor to produce a finished product or service that is available to a consumer.
Financial position
The status of assets, liabilities and owners equity of an individual, business or other organization as shown in its financial statements.
External Risk
The possibility of loss, damage, or injury outside of a business or other organization
Accounting
A system that monitors an individual, business or other organization’s financial standing. This includes recording and verifying financial information to determine a profit or loss for a given time period as well as the value of assets, liabilities and owner’s equity.
Economies of Scale
An internal or external reduction in long term costs when production or operation increases in size
Financial Information Management
Managing data such as credit card numbers, accounting balances or other monetary facts about an individual, business or other organization that are used when evaluating credit, loans or other financial activities.
Costing
A process to determine the cost of production or operation of a business by assigning expenses to various stages of production or operations of a firm.
Financial Globalization
The worldwide development of economic, financial, trade and communication integration. This pushes business executives to consider broad views in the global marketplace as countries and their economies become interconnected and interdependent.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
This is a database of customer contacts, purchase history, and technical support. Additional elements can include profiles of potential clients, understanding and leveraging the needs of current customers, and enhanced customer service based on data analysis.
Inventory System
Allows a business to maintain the optimum number of each item. In doing so, a business can operate production of a good or service, sales or customer service at a lower cost.
Gross Revenue
Refers to the amount of income received by a company before any expenses are deducted.
Data
Information in an unorganized form that have a relationship with current conditions, ideas or knowledge.
Financial Institutions
Organizations that are public or private whom act as a channel between savers and borrowers of funds. There are two types of institutions: depository and non-depository.
Depository: organizations are usually banks or credit unions
Non-depository: organizations are often recognized as insurance companies or mutual funds.
Financial markets
Maker for the sale or purchase of stocks, bonds, bills of exchange, commodities, fortunes and options, foreign currency which work as an exchange for capital and credit in the U.S. well known markets include New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the S&P 500, and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME or Merc).
Finance
The process of managing money for an individual, business or other organization.
Tax law
Area of law that governs taxation. A tax is a fee charged by the government in a product, service, income or activity. The internal revenue code is the name for all federal laws, which was first written in 1939 and has been revised multiple times to present day. Each state that collects a tax has their own department of taxations as well as local municipalities.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Government agency created in 1934 that is responsible for enforcing securities-related laws and setting standards for financial information about businesses that are traded on a stock exchange. The SEC has five commissions who are appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate who serve 5 year terms.
Capital Expenditures
The amount spent to acquire or upgrade an asset that will increase the efficiency of the production or operations of a business for the long term.
Transaction
An agreement or contract that occurs between two or more parties and established a legal obligation. This can also be defined as an exchange of goods or services between a buyer and seller.
Financial Goal
Monetary objectives if an individual, business or other organization that are decided by future needs of those entities.
Securities Information
Information provided regarding an investment instrument issued by a corporation, government or other organization.
Capital Market
A market for demand and supply of debt and equity capital. This is highly decentralized system made up of three major parts: the stock market, bond market, and money market.
Money market
A network of banks, discount houses, institutional vendors, and money dealers who borrow and lend money among themselves for the short term (90 days). Any investment has risk, but a monetary market account is considered a safe place to invest due to its short term nature.
Database
The systematic organization of information that allows east updating and analysis of data.
Budgeting
The process of determining a time specific financial plan for an individual, business or other organization to achieve a monetary goal.
Compliance
Verification that a vendor meets the requirements of accepted practices, regulations, legislation, rules, standards and/or the terms of a contract.
Commodities Exchange
An open organized marketplace where ownership titles or standard units of commodities are traded by its members.
