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Real Estate > Finance > Flashcards

Finance Flashcards

1
Q

Title theory state

A

A state where the mortgage lender has title to the property until the debt is repaid

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2
Q

Reserve requirement

A

The percent of deposits banks are required to keep in the bank; set by the federal reserve

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3
Q

PMI

A

Private Mortgage Insurance – the private equivalent of FHA insurance - allowing for a high loan to value ratio versus low down payment conventional loans. PMI Insures the lenders risk

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4
Q

Lien Theory State

A

A state where the mortgage lender has a lien on the property and the borrower has title

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5
Q

Discount rate

A

The rate that banks pay when borrowing from the Federal Reserve

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6
Q

Secondary market

A

Where lenders go to borrow money; Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac

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7
Q

Prime rate

A

The interest rate commercial banks charge their preferred customers

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8
Q

Subordination clause

A

A clause allowing a lender to move to or take a lower lien position

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9
Q

Primary market

A

Where consumers go to borrow money; banks, mortgage companies, etc.

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10
Q

TRID

A

Truth in Lending Act RESPA Integrated Disclosures

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11
Q

GPM - Graduated Payment Mortgage

A

Alone his payment start low and rise every year, usually for five years, after which they level off for the remaining term of the loan. It can result in negative amortization

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12
Q

Sub-prime loan

A

A loan with risk based pricing for borrowers with a credit rating in the A minus to F range. Interest rate will be 1 to 5% higher than for a prime borrower

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13
Q

Negative amortization

A

An increase in debt due to payments less than the interest owed – can be associated with a graduated payment mortgage

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14
Q

APR

A

Annual percentage rate – a number that tells a borrower the total cost of the loan – not just interest, but the sum of all charges associated with the loan

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15
Q

Certificate of eligibility

A

Evidence of VA approval of a qualified veteran for a VA loan

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16
Q

Reverse annuity mortgage

A

A home equity loan available to homeowners over 62 years of age - the lender makes payments to the borrower based on the equity in their property. The loan comes due upon the sale of the property or the death of the owner.

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17
Q

Assumption clause

A

A clause outlining the obligations of the original borrower and a new borrower in the event the loan is assumed

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18
Q

Conforming loan

A

A standardized conventional loan written on uniform documents that meets the purchase requirements of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; both loan amount and borrower characteristics must meet the guidelines

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19
Q

Non-conforming loan

A

A loan unable to be sold to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac; for example, a subprime loan

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20
Q

Closing disclosure

A

The final closing disclosure to the consumer that must be received by the consumer three days before closing

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21
Q

Amortization

A

The repayment or satisfaction of a debt by installment payments of principal and interest on a regular basis

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22
Q

DD 214

A

Veterans discharge papers – provided to demonstrate eligibility for a VA loan

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23
Q

Truth in lending

A

TIL, REG Z, Regulation Z, or the consumer credit protection act - A law passed to help consumers understand the true cost of borrowing money

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24
Q

Conventional loan

A

A loan that is neither federally insured nor guaranteed; a private sector loan

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25
Q

Wraparound loan

A

A new mortgage on the property is placed in a secondary lien position. It includes both the unpaid balance of the first mortgage plus additional amounts; the first mortgage is not paid off.

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26
Q

VA

A

Veterans affairs – assist veterans in the purchase of housing by guaranteeing loans

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27
Q

Loan estimate

A

A combination of the TILA initial disclosure and the RESPA good faith estimate which must be provided to a buyer at the time of, or within three days of loan application

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28
Q

MIP

A

Mortgage insurance premium - insurance on the FHA loan, insures the whole loan

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29
Q

Trigger term

A

An advertising term that tells a buyer that financing is available without giving the cost of that financing –it triggers a need for additional information (monthly payment, interest rate, down payment, term, etc.)

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30
Q

Mortgage banker

A

A person or firm not otherwise in banking, who provides independent funds for mortgage financing as opposed to banks that rely on deposits for funds to originate loans

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31
Q

CRV

A

VA appraisal - Certificate of Reasonable Value

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32
Q

Funding fee

A

A fee required to be paid by the buyer, seller or included in the loan at closing on all VA loans

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33
Q

Assumption “subject to“

A

A new borrower assumes the payments but not the liability on an existing loan - the original borrower remains liable

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34
Q

Leverage

A

Using borrowed funds for investment - low down payment

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35
Q

FHA

A

Federal housing administration; aids in home financing by ensuring high LTV loans with more lenient qualifying ratios

36
Q

Straight assumption

A

A new borrower assumes the payments and liability on an existing loan, and usually releases the original borrower from liability

37
Q

Sellers equity

A

Cash price minus loan balance

38
Q

Deed of trust

A

A three party loan instrument: borrower, lender and trustee

39
Q

Redlining

A

The refusal to lend in a particular geographic area. Prohibited by the Community Reinvestment Act

40
Q

Equal credit opportunity act

A

ECOA - A law prohibiting discrimination by lenders on the basis of sex, marital status, race, religion, age, or participation in public assistance programs

41
Q

Equity

A

The market value of a property less the outstanding debt

42
Q

Usury

A

Charging an interest rate higher than the legal limit

43
Q

Budget loan

A

A loan where the monthly payment includes not only principal and interest but also taxes and insurance; called a PITI payment

44
Q

Note, promissory note

A

A personal promise to repay a debt

45
Q

Fixed rate amortized loan

A

A loan with equal regular payments of principal and interest until the debt is fully repaid or amortized

46
Q

Usury laws

A

Laws passed to protect consumers from excessive interest charges

47
Q

Release Clause

A

A clause often found in a blanket loan allowing the borrower to obtain partial releases of specific lots by making required lump sum payments

48
Q

Mortgage

A

A pledge of real property as a security for a debt

49
Q

Community Reinvestment Act

A

A law requiring lenders to meet the needs of the community in which they are chartered to do business

50
Q

Mortgage Broker

A

An individual who brings a borrower and lender together for a fee - an intermediary between the borrower and the lender

51
Q

Buyer’s Equity

A

The down payment amount at closing

52
Q

Open-end loan

A

A home equity line of credit - similar to a credit card buy secured by real property

53
Q

Mortgagor

A

Borrower under a mortgage

54
Q

Participation Loan

A

Two or more lenders own a share - to lessen the lenders’ risk; or one lender who collects principal and interest plus a percent of the profits on the investment property

55
Q

Straight loan

A

A loan with payments of interest only until the end of the term, when the entire principal is paid in one lump sum; a zero amortization loan; a term loan

56
Q

Hypothecation

A

The action of pledging real property as security for a debt

57
Q

Defeasance Clause

A

A clause stating that the lien on the property is defeated when the debt is repaid

58
Q

PITI

A

principal, interest, tax, insurance - a common payment for amortized loans

59
Q

Construction loan

A

Short term financing with funds advanced periodically during the stages of construction - a term loan

60
Q

Adjustable Rate Mortgage - ARM

A

A loan with an interest rate tied to a readily available index - the rate will be adjusted periodically causing payment changes

61
Q

Bi-weekly loan

A

A fixed rate amortized loan in which one half of a monthly payment is made every two weeks resulting in much quicker growth of equity and significant interest savings

62
Q

Package loan

A

A loan secured by real property plus personal property

63
Q

Blanket loan

A

several pieces of property secured by a single loan (several lots on one note)

64
Q

Predatory Lending

A

An unscrupulous lender taking advantage of a consumer’s lack of knowledge regarding lending practices

65
Q

Balloon loan

A

A partial amortization loan - equal regular payments of principal and interest, but long before the debt is amortized a final payment, much bigger than the others, is required to pay off the debt; THE BALLOON PAYMENT

66
Q

Term loan

A

A loan with payments of interest only until the end of the term, when the entire principal is repaid in one lump sum - a zero amortization loan - a straight loan

67
Q

Shared Appreciation Loan

A

A loan with an investor/lender who collects principal and interest payments and then a percent of the profits when the property is sold

68
Q

Loan processor

A

An individual who coordinates the loan application process for the lender

69
Q

Power of Sale

A

A clause in a deed of trust allowing non-judicial foreclosure

70
Q

Escalation Clause

A

A clause allowing the lender to raise the existing interest rate - although most often associated with an Adjustable Rate Mortgage, it can be used to overcome an alienation clause

71
Q

Trustor

A

Borrower under a deed of trust

72
Q

Trustee

A

A third party under a deed of trust who acts as an agent for the lender

73
Q

Non-judicial foreclosure

A

Foreclosure that does not require court proceedings or a judgement of foreclosure - the result of the power of sale clause in a deed of trust

74
Q

Acceleration clause

A

A clause in a mortgage allowing the lender to declare the whole amount of the principal due and payable in the event of default by the borrower

75
Q

Mortgagee

A

Lender under a mortgage

76
Q

Margin

A

On an adjustable rate mortgage, the percent added to the index

77
Q

Fair Credit Reporting Act

A

FCRA - a law allowing individuals to inspect their credit files, correct errors and attach explanatory statements

78
Q

Origination Point

A

One percent of the loan that is a loan processing fee

79
Q

Beneficiary

A

Lender under a deed of trust

80
Q

Alienation Clause

A

“Due on sale” clause stating that the balance of the debt becomes due if the property is sold by the mortgagor

81
Q

Down Payment Assistance Programs

A

Government and private programs whose stated purpose is to help buyers to become homeowners

82
Q

Buy Down

A

An upfront payment of points used to reduce the borrower’s monthly payment - by paying points at closing, a borrower may secure a lower rate on the loan

83
Q

Point

A

One percent of the loan

84
Q

Qualifying Ratios, Debt Ratios

A

The percent of monthly gross income that can be used to pay the PITI payment on a mortgage loan, and the percent of monthly gross that can be used to cover all debt including PITI; 28% - 36% would by typical debt ratios

85
Q

Prepayment Clause

A

A clause stating that the borrower can pay the entire amount or the stated amount prior to the due date in the note and whether there will be a penalty associated with the prepayment

86
Q

Discount point

A

One percent of the loan that is prepaid interest, tax deductible and results in increased yield for the lender

Real Estate (7 decks)

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