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DECA > Finance > Flashcards

Finance Flashcards

1
Q

Risk Avoidance

A

Used when a business anticipates risk and refrains from certain business activities in order to avoid the risk.

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2
Q

Financial Resources

A

Funds available to a business or person for spending in the form of cash, credit or securities.

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3
Q

Financial Ratio

A

Financial ratios provide a comparison between financial statement items to determine the strength or weakness of a company. The most common ratios are: net sales to net worth and net income to net sales

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4
Q

Capital Expenditures

A

The amount spent to acquire or upgrade an asset that will increase the efficiency of the production or operations of a business for the long term.

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5
Q

Securities Information

A

Information provided regarding an investment instrument issued by a corporation, government or other organization that demonstrates whether it is debt or equity

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6
Q

Financial Goal

A

Monetary objectives of an individual, business or other organization that are decided by future needs of those entities.

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7
Q

Invest

A

Any activity where money is put at risk in the short term for the purpose of creating a profit in the long term. Most investment activities include conducting research and developing a long term plan for any assets that will be put at risk. Investment activities want to create and/or increase a positive outcome for the benefactor.

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8
Q

Savings

A

The portion of disposable income that is not spent on essential expenses in a household or business. A variety of savings vehicles are available to increase the value of savings including a bank savings account, stocks, bonds, etc.

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9
Q

Marginal Analysis

A

A decision making tool that compares the cost of an activity versus the benefits of the activity

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10
Q

Social Security(FICA)

A

A tax paid by workers so that they may receive benefits upon retirement.

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11
Q

Direct Cost

A

Those goods which can be directly tied to a good, service or project

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12
Q

Insurance

A

A contract between a business and the insurer that covers a specific business risk.

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13
Q

Database

A

The systematic organization of information that allows easy updating and analysis of data.

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14
Q

Inventory System

A

An inventory system allows a business to maintain the optimum number of each item. In doing so, a business can operate production of a good or service, sales or customer service at a lower cost

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15
Q

Business Law

A

Laws that govern businesses and transactions between businesses.

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16
Q

Debtor

A

A person or business that owes money, goods or services to another.

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17
Q

Convergence

A

The joining of two or more unique factors or phenomena, such as technologies. For example, the development of a smartphone was the convergence of telecommunications and internet technologies.

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18
Q

Capital Market

A

A market for demand and supply of debt and equity capital. This is a highly decentralized system made up of three major parts: the stock market, bond market and money market.

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19
Q

Exchange Rate

A

The value of one currency in terms of another, established on the foreign exchange market.

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20
Q

Voluntary Compliance

A

The assumption that taxpayers will stay in compliance with tax laws and accurately report their income amounts and tax deductions fairly and honestly

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21
Q

Internal Audit

A

An examination of an organization’s financial statements that is conducted by an employee of the organization

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22
Q

Equity

A

Includes earnings that a company has retained and the amount of funds invested in that company by its owners.

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23
Q

Just-In-Time Inventory

A

An inventory management method that coordinates the demand and supply for goods, delivering them just before they are needed.

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24
Q

Estate Tax

A

A tax paid on wealth, collected after a person has died

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25
Inflation
Refers to rising prices and is an indicator of the stability of an economy.
26
Commodities Exchange
An open and organized marketplace where ownership titles or standard units of commodities are traded by its members.
27
Indirect Costs
Those costs which cannot be directly linked to a good, service or project.
28
Information Management
The process of collecting and analyzing data that be used in the strategic decision making process for a business
29
Differential Cost
The difference in cost between two or more business decisions.
30
Transaction
An agreement or contract that occurs between two or more parties and establishes a legal obligation. This can also be defined as an exchange of goods or services between a buyer and seller.
31
Client
A customer of a professional service provider or the primary contractor.
32
Tax
Payment made to the government for services they provide.
33
Perpetual Inventory System
An inventory system that continually keeps track of the number of items in inventory, and can be done manually or by computer
34
External Audit
An examination of an organization’s financial statements by an independent accountant, not affiliated with the organization
35
Creditor
The entity that provides available capital resources to debtors, in exchange for compensation
36
Income Tax
Calculated as a percentage of the taxable income workers earn while on the job.
37
Risk Transfer
A strategy in which an insurance risk is shifted to another party (the insurer) by means of an insurance policy.
38
Data Mining
Reviewing very large amounts of data for useful information. This activity often uses advanced statistical tools to determine trends, patterns and relationships. Data mining can also be referred to as data surfing.
39
Financial Position
The status of the assets, liabilities and owner’s equity of an individual, business or other organization as shown in its financial statements
40
Inventory Management
The process of buying and storing materials and products while controlling costs
41
Voluntary Compliance
The assumption that taxpayers will stay in compliance with tax laws and accurately report their income amounts and tax deductions fairly and honestly
42
Solvency
Refers to the ability of an organization to meet its financial obligations.
43
Property Tax
The main source of money for many local governments. This tax is based on the value of property such as land and buildings.
44
Cost Allocation
Refers to the method in which indirect costs are assigned to a product.
45
Insurance Market
Composed of the companies involved in buying and selling of insurance
46
Managerial Accounting
Accounting that focuses on revenues and expenses of a business, reporting variances to management.
47
Securities
An investment tool such as bonds, debentures, notes, options, and shares
48
Accounting System
The (often) computerized system of collecting, processing, analyzing and presenting accurate financial data to support management decisions
49
Client Services
Any activity provided by a vendor on behalf of a client. Depending on the business this can include customer service, financial management, information technology, social media support, database management, etc. The services provided to a client are agreed on by both parties and detailed in a contract unless otherwise specified.
50
Financial Markets
A market for the sale or purchase of stocks, bonds, bills of exchange, commodities, fortunes and options, foreign currency which work as an exchange for capital and credit. In the United States, well recognized markets include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the S&P 500, and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME or Merc).
51
Variance Analysis
Refers to the difference between a planned and actual budget.
52
Activity Based Costing
A method used by businesses to accurately allocate overhead costs to specific products
53
Reporting
Used in finance to disclose an organization’s financial standing.
54
Internal Risk
The possibility of loss, damage or injury within a business or other organization.
55
Economies of Scale
An internal or external reduction in long term costs when production or operation increases in size
56
Customer Relationship Management(CRM)
At a minimum, this is a database of customer contacts, purchase history and technical support. Additional elements can include profiles of potential clients, understanding and leveraging the needs of current customers, and enhanced customer service based on data analysis.
57
Financial Information Management
Managing data such as credit card numbers, accounting balances or other monetary facts about an individual, business or other organization that are used when evaluating credit, loans or other financial activities
58
Sustainability Reporting
Reporting by an entity that outlines its’ economic, environmental and social performance.
59
Indirect Costs
Those costs which cannot be directly linked to a good, service or project.
60
Periodic Inventory System
An inventory method in which items are counted only occasionally, by visual inspection – and can be completed manually, or through the use of technology, such as barcode scanners.
61
Expenditure
The payment of cash for goods or services to settle an obligation; usually seen as an invoice or a receipt
62
Data
Information in an unorganized form (alphabets, numbers or symbols) that have a relationship with current conditions, ideas or knowledge.
63
Corporate Governance
Refers to the rules and practices that direct and control an organization.
64
Risk Management
The process of controlling an individual, business or other organizations opportunity for damage, loss or injury to ensure the safety of the community, environment and legal responsibilities
65
Compliance
Verification that a vendor meets the requirements of accepted practices, regulations, legislation, rules, standards and/or the terms of a contract
66
Sunk Cost
A cost that a business has incurred, but cannot recover.
67
Gross Revenue
Amount of money that the purchasers of a company’s products or services actually pay for those items
68
Property Tax
The main source of money for many local governments. This tax is based on the value of property such as land and buildings.
69
Financial Institutions
Organizations that are public or private whom act as a channel between savers and borrowers of funds. There are two types of institutions: depository and non-depository. Depository organizations are usually banks or credit unions. Non-depository organizations are often recognized as insurance companies or mutual funds
70
Compliance Officer
An employee of a business or other organization whose task is to ensure that regulations imposed by a government agency are being met as well as internal policies and procedures
71
Finance
The process of managing money for an individual, business or other organization
72
Budgeting
The process of determining a time specific financial plan for an individual, business or other organization to achieve a monetary goal.
73
Transparency
Fully and accurately disclosing of financial information to the public.
74
Time Value of Money
The increase of an amount of money due to interest earned over time or dividends paid
75
Bank Statement
A document showing activity on your account over the previous month, including a beginning and ending balance and all inflows and outflows during that time
76
Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)
Government agency created in 1934 that is responsible for enforcing securities-related laws and setting standards for financial information about businesses that are traded on a stock exchange. The SEC has five commissions who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate who serve five year terms.
77
Money Market
A network of banks, discount houses, institutional vendors, and money dealers who borrow and lend among themselves for the short term (90 days). Any investment has risk, but a money market account is considered a safe place to invest due to its short term nature
78
Price
The value, in terms of money, placed on a good or service.
79
Professional Development
Process of improving capabilities of staff through access to education and training opportunities in the workplace, through outside organizations, or observing others perform the job
80
Costing
A process to determine the cost of production or operation of a business by assigning expenses to various stages of production or operations of a firm.
81
Compliance Program
The systematic process of a business or other organization to ensure that regulations imposed by a government agency are being met.
82
Classification
A data-mining technique that uses a decision tree that requires a series of decisions
83
Professional Relationship
Contacts made through business connections and interactions.
84
Financial Globalization
The worldwide development of economic, financial, trade and communication integration. This pushes business executives to consider broad views in the global marketplace as countries and their economies become interconnected and interdependent
85
Credit
A way to receive cash or goods, while paying later.
86
Capital
The most common definition of “capital” is money invested in a business to generate income. Capital can also be defined as wealth in the form of an asset which can be an indication of strength of an individual, business or country.
87
Customer
An individual, business or other organization that receives products or services for their own use.
88
External Risk
The possibility of loss, damage or injury outside of a business or other organization.
89
Financial Records
The financial documentation for an individual, business or other organization. The most common records are a Cash Flow Statement, Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Tax Returns
90
Tax Law
The area of law that governs taxation. A tax is a fee charged by the government on a product, service, income or activity. The Internal Revenue Code is the name for all federal laws, which was first written in 1939 and has been revised multiple times to present day. Each state that collects a tax has their own department of taxation as well as local municipalities.
91
Sales Tax
Charged to customers as a percentage of the price of the item being purchased.
92
Consolidation
Combining assets, equity, liabilities and operating accounts of a business and its subsidiaries into one financial statement OR combining two or more businesses through the purchase, merger or ownership transfer to create a new business
93
Regression
A data-mining technique that takes a numerical dataset and develops a mathematical formula that fits the data
94
Six Sigma
The strategy involves creating groups of people within the business or organization who have expert status in various methods, and then each project is carried out according to a set of steps in an effort to reach specific financial milestones. A six sigma process is defined as one in which 99.99966% of products created are expected to be statistically free from defects
95
Management Functions
The four functions of management include: planning, organizing, leading and controlling
96
Board of Directors
A group of individuals elected by stakeholders of an organization to govern the organization.
97
Customer Relations
The way a business interacts with its customers in order to obtain new customers while maintaining the current customer base
98
Cost of Goods Sold
This line on an income statement shows the cost of raw materials and labor to produce a finished product or service that is available to a consumer

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