FINALS - Unit IV Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the production of plants from very small plant parts, tissues or cells, grown
aseptically in a test tube or containers under controlled nutritional, environmental and aseptic conditions.

A

Micropropagation

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2
Q

Application of Micropropagation

A
  • Rapid rate of multiplication of a plant clonally
  • Production of disease-free and disease resistant plants
  • Induction of mutants and selection
  • Production of haploids through anther culture
  • Nitrogen fixation
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3
Q

Disadvatages

A
  • Expensive and sophisticated facilities
  • High cost of production results f
  • Contamination or insect infestation can cause high losses in a short time
  • Higher level of somatic variation
  • Poor establishment of the plantlets in the
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4
Q

Principles and Practices in Mircropropagation

A
  • Totipotency and plant regeneration:
  • Axillary bud proliferation
  • Organogenesis (Development of organs)
  • Somatic embryogenesis
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5
Q

Stages of Micropropagation

A

Stage 0: Selection of mother plant for explants isolation
Stage1: Explant establishment in culture medium
Stage2: Proliferation and multiplication
Stage 3: Plant establishment and rooting
Stage 4. hardening

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6
Q

involves culture of both shoot-tip and axillary-bud. The use of small shoot-tips comprising of the apical dome with one or two leaf primordia (0.1-0.5 mm) is the basis for the technique
known as meristem-tip-culture, pioneered by Morel in the 1950s.

A

Meristem culture

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7
Q

A piece of sterile plant tissue with living cells is transferred¬ to a culture medium to induce callus
proliferation.

A

Callus culture

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8
Q

The cells are maintained in suspension cultures so as to produce free cells and are then subcultured to regenerate complete plant from single cells.

A

Cell culture

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8
Q

It involves aseptic excision of the embryo and its transfer to a suitable medium for development
under optimum culture conditions.

A

Embryo culture

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9
Q

From different sources, protoplasts (the plant without any rigid cellulose wall but with plasmamembrane only allowed to fuse to form a somatic hybrid) are cultured in suitable media

A

Protoplast culture

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9
Q

The culture of anthers is of considerable value to breeders as it is possible to produce haploid plants which reveal recessive alleles.

A

Anther culture

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10
Q

The greatest potential for clonal multiplication is through somatic embryogenesis, where technically
a single isolated cell can produce first an embryo, then a complete plant.

A

Somatic embryogenesis

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11
Q

a complicated structure, which consists of a short-thickened stem bearing roots on the
underside and thick fleshy leaves on the upper side.

A

Bulb

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12
Q

Types of Bulb

A
  • Tunicate (laminate) bulbs
  • Non-tunicate (scaly) bulbs
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13
Q

Basically four types of plant development take place in this method of scaling

A
  1. Epigeous-type plant (ETP) in
  2. Hypoepigeous type plant (HETP)
  3. Hypogeous type plant (HTP)
  4. Non-green leaf bulblet (NLB)
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14
Q

is a swollen, modified underground stem, which primarily function as the storage organ of
the plant.

A

Tubers

15
Q

It is a specified long slender stem that develops from the axil of leaf at the crown of a plant, which
prostate horizontally along the ground.

A

Runners

16
Q

is a shoot, which arises on a plant below the ground, arising from an adventitious bud on a
root.

A

Suckers

17
Q

is a young plant produced laterally by the parent plant or branch that develops from the
base of main stem in some plants, which can easily be detached from it.

A

Off-shoots

18
Q

is a modified and specialized stem structure in which the main axis of the plant grows
horizontally at or just below the soil surface

A

Rhizome

19
Q

is a short, solid, much swollen underground stem, enclosed by dry scale like leaves, with one
or several buds near the top, a tuft of leaves at the upper side and a ring of thick fibrous roots around the base .

A

Corms

20
Q

is an enlarged fleshy stem with several nodes

A

Pseudo bulbs