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2nd semester Biology > Finals - Unit 8-13 > Flashcards

Finals - Unit 8-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

A

Make more identical copies of DNA parent strands

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2
Q

What is the purpose of transcription?

A

Build mRNA

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3
Q

What is the purpose of translation?

A

Build polypeptide chains (proteins)

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4
Q

What does Adenine pair with in DNA?

A

Thymine

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5
Q

What does Guanine pair with in DNA?

A

Cytosine

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6
Q

What does Adenine pair with in RNA?

A

Uracil

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7
Q

What does Thymine pair with?

A

Adenine

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8
Q

What does Cytosine pair with?

A

Guanine

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9
Q

What are the differences between RNA and DNA??

A

DNA is double stranded; RNA is single stranded
RNA contains the sugar ribose;DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose
DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil

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10
Q

How long ago was Earth formed?

A

4.6 billion years

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11
Q

What were the first cells like?

A

Small, simple, prokaryotic

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12
Q

Who formed the theory of evolution?

A

Charles Darwin

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13
Q

What are the principles of natural selection?

A

Individuals show variation
Variations are inherited
More offspring are born than can survive
Variations that increase success are more common in the next generation

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13
Q

What are the principles of natural selection?

A

Individuals show variation
Variations are inherited
More offspring are born than can survive
Variations that increase success are more common in the next generation

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14
Q

What is the order of taxons from largest to smallest?

A

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

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15
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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16
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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17
Q

Are animals heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

Heterotrophic

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18
Q

What type of symmetry do humans have?

A

Bilateral

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19
Q

What is the opposite of ventral?

A

Dorsal

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20
Q

Sponges

A

Phylum Porifera

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21
Q

Jellyfish

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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22
Q

Flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

23
Q

Segmented worms

A

Phylum Annelida

24
Q

Squid, clams, snails

A

Phylum Mollusca

25
Q

Insects, spiders, crustaceans

A

Phylum Arthropoda

26
Q

sea stars, sand dollars

A

Phylum Echinodermata

27
Q

What phylum do we belong to?

A

Phylum Chordata

28
Q

waxy outer covering in plants that prevents water loss

A

cuticle

29
Q

openings in plants that allow for gas exchange

A

stomata

30
Q

plants that have specialized transport tissue like a xylem & phloem

A

vascular

31
Q

hard protective outer covering, plant embryo, cotyledon/nutrition

A

seeds

32
Q

horizontal roots that store food

A

rhizomes

33
Q

plants that produce seeds covered by fruit

A

angiosperms

34
Q

flowering plants that produce seeds with no frut

A

gymnosperms

35
Q

areas of growth in the plant, located at the tips of the roots/shoots/cambium

A

meristem

36
Q

transport tissue that carries water

A

xylem

37
Q

transport tissue that carries food

A

phloem

38
Q

female part of the flower

A

pistil

39
Q

male part of the flower

A

stamen

40
Q

factors that are living

A

biotic

41
Q

factors in the ecosystem that are non-living

A

abiotic

42
Q

levels of organization

A

organism-population-biological community-ecosystem-biome-biosphere

43
Q

when more than one organism occupies the same niche, this will occur

A

competition

44
Q

models that show energy flow and feeding relationships

A

food chain, food web, ecological pyramid

45
Q

as you increase in trophic level

A

energy available decreases

46
Q

hydrologic cycle processes

A

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation

47
Q

carbon cycle processes

A

fossil fuel formation & combustion, photosynthesis, respiration

48
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

bacteria “fix” N2 into usable compounds

49
Q

limiting factors

A

can be biotic or abiotic, they keep a population from growing indefinitely

50
Q

freshwater zones

A

littoral, limnetic, profundal

51
Q

ecology

A

study of organisms and their interaction with eachother & the environment

52
Q

niche

A

job/role in the ecosystem

53
Q

symbiosis

A

when organisms live closely together in order to increase survival chances

54
Q

trophic level

A

the step/place in feeding relationships (like producer - primary consumer, etc)

2nd semester Biology (1 decks)

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