Finals Terms

Question 1

Abstract

Answer 1

A written summary of key points, especially of a scientific paper

Question 2

Triage

Answer 2

The sorting of patients according to the urgency of their need for care

Question 3

Gang chart

Answer 3

A chart that depicts progress in relation to time, often used in planning and tracking a project

Question 4

Alternative hypothesis

Answer 4

What the experimenter thinks may be true or wishes to be true before he or she begins an experiment, also called the research hypothesis

Question 5

Casual relationship

Answer 5

A relationship in which one factor can be said to be the cause of another, relationship can be tested with controlled experiments

Question 6

Correlation

Answer 6

The degree of relationship between two variables

Question 7

Cross sectional study

Answer 7

A research study that involves a single observation (such as an interview or questionnaire), which may be useful to determine how variables affect each other at the same time and period

Question 8

Experimental study

Answer 8

A type of study in which all variable measurements and manipulations are under research control. The goal of the experiment is to control the environment in such a way that manipulation of the independent variables yield a direct, corresponding change in the dependent variable

Question 9

Null hypothesis

Answer 9

The starting point in a scientific research where the experimenter assumes there is no effect of the treatment or no relationship between two variables

Question 10

Observational study

Answer 10

A type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. No attempt is made to affect the outcome (for example, no treatment is given)

Question 11

P value

Answer 11

The probability of results of the experiment being attributed to chance

Question 12

Paired t-test

Answer 12

A test designed to determine the statistical difference between two groups means where the participants in each group are either the same or matched pairs

Question 13

Retrospective cohort study

Answer 13

A research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who don’t) are compared to a particular outcome (such as lung cancer). Also called a historic cohort study

Question 14

Statistically significant

Answer 14

Describes a mathematical measure of difference between groups. The difference is said to be statistically significant if it is greater than what might be expected to happen by chance alone.

Question 15

Student t-test

Answer 15

A statistical test designed to determine whether there are significant differences between two independent groups means being tested on the same dependent variable

Question 16

Clone

Answer 16

A group of replicas of all or part of a macromolecule and especially DNA

Question 17

DNA ligase

Answer 17

A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and recombinant DNA techniques

Question 18

Ligation

Answer 18

The process of joining together chemical chains (as of DNA or protein)

Question 19

Plasmid

Answer 19

A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome

Question 20

Recombinant DNA

Answer 20

A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments e of the bacterial chromosome

Question 21

Restriction enzyme

Answer 21

A degradation enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA

Question 22

Vector

Answer 22

An agent (as a plasmid or virus) that contains or carries modified genetic material and can be used to introduce extra genes into the genome of an organism

Question 23

Innovation

Answer 23

something newly introduced, such as a new method or device