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Western Civilization Study Guide > Finals Terms > Flashcards

Finals Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Bless You Prison

A

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn stated this in the Gulag Archipelago, saying that prison gave him time to think and allowed him to write the Gulag Archipelago, where he learned the importance of the black and white, evil and good, parts dividing every human heart.

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2
Q

Harry Lime and Holly Martins

A

Harry Lime was Holly Martins’ friend who offered him a job, but was really working in the black market and selling watered down penicillin. Martins attempts to unravel the mystery behind it and find Lime.

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3
Q

Carol Reed

A

Director of The Third Man

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4
Q

Orson Welles

A

Rose to popularity for a radio show. An actor, filmmaker, producer; Played Harry Lime in The Third Man

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5
Q

The Third Man

A

A 1949 film noir about characters Harry Lime and Holly Martins.

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6
Q

Film Noire

A

A type of film style often tied with post-WWII with a black and white chiaroscuro visual appearance, often about mysteries, featuring detectives with intricate plots and existentialism.

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7
Q

James Baldwin

A

An American writer who struggled with being identified only as a black writer and not simply as a writer. He wrote about how being an American writer in France helped him realize this.

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8
Q

Fides et Ratio

A

A book (encyclical) written by pope john paul ii talking about the roles of faith and reason together in the carholic church

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9
Q

Pope John Paul II

A

Pope following paul vi, first non Italian since 16th century, worked on improving worldwide relations but stayed traditional with the church views. Wrote fides et ratio

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10
Q

Joseph Ratzinger

A

Pope who was most active in his endeavors as pope, constantly traveling person most people have probably seen and recognized, famously the only pope to have resigned, doing so only because he felt too old to keep traveling and was unable to be a proper fit anymore

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11
Q

John Courtney Murray

A

American priest who attended batican ii, liked ressourcement and argued for more religious freedom

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12
Q

Humanae Vitae

A

1968, doesn’t follow modern idea of marriage relations, which made many priest leave their orders

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13
Q

Lumen Gentium

A

Focus to jesus, papal infallibility, shared responsibility of pope and bishops, get more people to share evangelical missions

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14
Q

Gaudium Et Spes

A

Hopes and fears for the future and modernity

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15
Q

Dignitatis Humanae

A

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

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16
Q

Aggiornamento

A

Bringing up to date, purpose of vatican ii to catch up and start conversation w modernity

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17
Q

The Second Vatican Council

A

Called by John XXIII not for any crisis reason, more to begin a conversation ablut how to approach modernity better while taking up some of the issues from vatican i. 1963-1965

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18
Q

Pope Paul VI

A

Closed vatican ii, dealt with priests leaving in droves after church does not agree with birth control or marriage for priests.

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19
Q

Pope John XXIII

A

Pope that called vatican ii, thought to be more reformist but he was actually quite traditional. Started a conversation with a modernity and wanted to focus it on jesus while being more open to people.

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20
Q

Chiang Kai-shek

A

Former leader of the chinese republic before he was exiled and gis tuke was overtaken by mao.

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21
Q

Sun Yat-sen

A

Philosopher who thought the revolution needed an army, elected himself president of china and wrote several books about jow to achieve it using the kmt or peoples party

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22
Q

Pu Yi

A

Last emperor of the qing/manchu dynasty. Was too young to properly rule after the emptess died.

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23
Q

The Gulag Archipelago

A

Written by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn while in prison telling people about the benefits of prison and to fight back against the government for their innocence.

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24
Q

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

A

Wrote the Gulag Archipelago while stuck in prison. Here he wrote about the benefits of being there (time to think) and also about why it was important to resist during a time of forced danger.

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25
Q

Democide

A

Murder of a people by the government.

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26
Q

Struggle Sessions

A

A tactic used in Maoist China where people would be publicly humiliated or persecuted. This was often done by people who were close to the person being persecuted to impose the political agenda, a half-haphazard attempt at Marxism.

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27
Q

Red Guards

A

soldiers supporting and supported by mao, wrecked havoc and massive destruction on china looking to destroy what they believed to be old ideals.

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28
Q

Chiang Ching

A

Wife of mao tse tsung whose role was most prominent in the cultural revolution in china where she as an actor pushed the marxism agenda on the people

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29
Q

Lenin use of Terror

A

Believed that terror alone was not good, it needed a sentiment, a passion, or a purpose behind it otherwise it would be u wise and only cause chaos that would achieve little to nothing.

30
Q

Bolsheviks

A

a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which was renamed the Communist Party after seizing power in the October Revolution of 1917 led by Lenin.

31
Q

Gulags

A

Labor camps that were set up by the Soviets where people would be forced into labor (concentration camps). In one of these camps, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wrote on the benefits of being in prison.

32
Q

Winston Churchill

A

Prime minister during wwii and leader of the opposition of the soviet union. Delivered famous iron wall speech warning of the cold war brewing

33
Q

The Cultural Revolution

A

Maos attempt at following communism

34
Q

The Great Leap Forward

A
35
Q

Land Reform and Thought Reform

A
36
Q

The Little Red Book

A

Written by mao, pushed communist ideas and was widespread during the cultural revolution in maoist china

37
Q

WWII

A

1939-45: Fought against Nazi Germany which was committing genocide on several groups of people, most prominently of all the Jewish people. This was done after hilter used the jewish people as a scapegoat for german reparations, further supported by propaganda of jewish people supposedly taking over culture as they had many art successes.

38
Q

Mao Tse-Tsung

A

A mass murderer, chairman of china, liked communism and marxism and made a shoddy attempt to enact them in china where he absolutely obliterated it

39
Q

Nikita Khrudhchev

A

First secretary of the communist party in the soviet union starting from 1953.

40
Q

Duping of Left-wing western individuals by Stalin

A

Stalin duped the left-west wing people by creating fake villages to make italy seem ok. If that didn’t work, he would have bribed writers to say that everything was fine to fool people in American of the truth.

41
Q

The Cheka

A

The Russian secret police.

42
Q

Maximilian Kolbe

A

Polish priest who offered to die in the place of another man at Auschwitz, where he starved for several days and was eventually shot instead as it was taking him too long to die during WWII.

43
Q

Pope Pius XII

A

Italian, pope during wwii, was supposed to stay neutral but wanted to help jewish people and did so during the war by transporting then out and letting them stay in the varica

44
Q

Lateran Treaty

A

Treaty between mussolini and pius xi letting the papacy keep their states

45
Q

Fascism

A

Form of government used by mussolini where a dictator controls the people and the people are not allowed to dissent.

46
Q

Mussolini

A

Italian dictator who believed in fascism. Was a romantic revolutionary who wanted to be well like by the people. Got his way often by ruling by decree, not allowing people to speak of their dissent and ruling as only he saw fit.

47
Q

Totalitarianism

A

Total control of society by government

48
Q

Nazism

A

Imposed views on the nazis frim germany which alienated the jewish peolle

49
Q

Clerical vs. Romantic Revolutionary

A

Clerical: More calculating and forceful. Lenin is an example of this.
Romantic: Idea that to start a revolution, one must seduce the people. Want to be loved, more artistic in approach, example Adolf Hitler.

50
Q

Adolf Hitler

A
51
Q

Anti-semitism

A

The discrimination, prejudice, and harmful actions taken against Jewish people.

52
Q

League of Nations

A

Created after WWI in 1920 proposed by Woodrow Wilson as a way to keep peace between the nations and prevent another world war from happening. Sadly, however, this was not successful.

53
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

28th American president who proposed the creation of the league of nations in hopes to prevent a second world war from happening.

54
Q

John Maynard

A

Creator of concept of Keynesian, which said that the industry will change according to what is being demanded at the time, but it needs to be balanced by the government when necessary to prevent busts from occurring.

55
Q

The Blue Angel

A

1930 german musical comedy created by Josef von Sternberg, who was Jewish and would have been blamed for cultural dominance.

56
Q

Kultur vs. Civilization

A
57
Q

The Weimar Republic

A

The German government.

58
Q

Max Weber

A

Inspired german sociologist who would have agreed with Communism. His theory says that jobs need to be split evenly between employees.

59
Q

WWI

A

1914-18: Started after the assassination of Ferdinand; time where many instances of Marxism and communism where tested by lenin, who found the timing to be perfect.

60
Q

Karl Marx

A

Wrote the Communist Manifesto where he spoke of the evils of capitalism and promoted communism as a solution, pitting the proletariat against the bourgeoisie, thinking the only way to win was an elimination of private property and the destruction of the bourgeoisie class.

61
Q

Nietzsche’s Will-to-Power

A

The idea that what a person is driven by is their need for power. Not openly defined in the book and debated. Irrational force found in all individuals.

62
Q

Moral Relativism

A

Moral standards are culturally defined, and changed over time.

63
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
64
Q

Theory of Relativity

A

Created by Einstein, a theory that disproved everything the world had known which caused a new revolution in the way of thinking.

65
Q

Collectivization

A

Between 1927-33, force people in the Soviet Union to farm collectively to reduce peasant economic power.

66
Q

Communism

A

A type of government created by Karl Marx and Engels as an attempt to make a world without capitalism where money would be evenly split among all people.

67
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Russian dictator

68
Q

Leon Trosky

A

A Russian Marxist revolutionary who wanted to bring communism worldwide, thinking that was the only way to properly enact it. Previously butted heads with Lenin, but once it became clear they were working to reach similar goals, they started to collaborate more.

69
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

An example of a clerical revolutionary. Liked communism and sought to

70
Q

Benedict XV

A
71
Q

Paul Hindenburg

A

A wwi german commander. Also president of the weimar republic. After his death hitler found his opening as a leader.

Western Civilization Study Guide (1 decks)

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