FINALS STUDY - Unit 2

Question 1

4 main elements of LIFE

Answer 1

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 2

Trace Elements

Answer 2

needed fo survival but only in SUUPER small quanitites

Nuttirional deficienies oftern involve a lack of a trace element in diet

Question 3

def. IONS

Answer 3

charged particles

Question 4

def. Isotopes

Answer 4

diff. num. of neutrons in element

Question 5

PROP. of WATER

Answer 5

1. adhesion
2. coheasion
3. surface tension
4. high heat capacity
5. evaporative cooling
6. ice floats
7. universal solvent
8. Acids and bases

Question 6

Adhesion v Cohesin v surface tension

Answer 6

Ad - to something not water (usually polor or charged object)

co - to water itself

CAUSES SURFace tension

Question 7

High heat capacity

Answer 7

high sepcific heat -> heats and cools slowlsy

prevents fluxuations in enviro quickly

Question 8

Evaporative cooling

Answer 8

liquid USES heat from organism to when evaporating

Question 9

Ice floats

Answer 9

ice less dense than water

Question 10

Universal solvent

Answer 10

cytoplasm is full of polar molecules adn ions that travel with water

Question 11

acids and bases

Answer 11

water breaks down into H+ and OH-

Question 12

Bio Buffers

Answer 12

prevent changes in pH to maintain homeo stasis

LIVER

Question 13

Isomers

Answer 13

various ways of making hte same molecule

Question 14

What organic element do all organic compounds contain??/

Answer 14

carbon

Question 15

4 ways to draw carbon sceletons

Question 16

hydroxyl grp

Answer 16

-OH
k2 alchahols

Question 17

Carbonyl

Answer 17

–c=o

two bonds to carbon, which is double bonded to oxygen

k2 sugars

Question 17

Carboxyl grp

Answer 17

-COOH

k2 proteins

Question 17

Amino Grp

Answer 17

-NH2
k2 Proteins

Question 17

Phosphate grp

Answer 17

-OPO3 2-

k2 energy (ATP)

Question 17

Methy Grp

Answer 17

-CH3
Non polar

Question 17

4 major classes of organic compounds

Answer 17

Lipids
Proteins
Carbs
Nuclaic acids

Question 18

building blocks of carbohydrates

Answer 18

monosaccharides

-> hydroxyl and carbonyl grup

hydroxyl - sugar is an alchahol
carbonyl - determines isonol funcion

Question 18

2 funcional grps of sugars

Answer 18

Hydroxyl - sugar = alchoahol
Carbonyl - determines isonyl funcion

Question 19

def. monosachardides

Answer 19

single unit sugar to make polysacharidexs

Question 20

Chitin (purpose) - carb

Answer 20

exoskeleton
fungi cell wals

Question 21

Starch - carb

Answer 21

function : storage

structure is monomers attached DOWN always down

Question 22

Glycogen

Answer 22

Energy reserve - can be converted into glucose if necessary

All down via chain

Question 23

cellulose

Answer 23

PLANT CELL walls (tough)
monomers linked in alternating oreintations/varrying orientations

POLYMER OF GLUCOSE

Question 24

All lipids ar

Answer 24

HYDROPHOBIC

Question 25

Three catigories of lipids plus respective function

Answer 25

FATS (long term E storage, cutions organs)

PHOSPHOLIPIDS (cell membranes)

STEROIDS (hormones, cholesterol)

Question 26

Unsatuarated v. Satruated Fats

Answer 26

Unsaturated - vegitable oils etc. b/c no double bonded carbon chain

Saturated -meat/solid fats b/c double bond in carbon chain

Question 27

All amino acids have ___________ and____________ funcional grps

Answer 27

Amino Grp. NH3
Carboxyl Grp -COOH

Question 28

rxn name for building of polypeptide

Answer 28

peptide bonds

Question 29

Propertie determines function of protein

Answer 29

R grp

Question 30

4 levels of protein folding

Answer 30

Primary - sequence of amino acids

secondary - Fold or coil (alpha helix or beta pleaded sheet)

Tertiary - 3d shape b/c interacions b/t R grps (determines function and can include both a helix or b pleaded sheet)

quatinary - MACROMOLECULE
mult. 3d strucutes interacing

Question 31

Nucleic Acid (2 types)

Answer 31

DNA - A T, C, G grps
RNA - A, C, G, U grps