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Business Ethics > FINALS REVIEWER > Flashcards

FINALS REVIEWER Flashcards

Examination Test - 2nd Semester

1
Q

Created thru the virtue of Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended on May 1, 1974, “ a decree institutionalizing a labor code thereby revising and consolidating labor and social laws”

It is a legal code governing employment practices and labor relations in the Philippines.

A

The Labor Code

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2
Q

The Books of the Labor Code

A

BOOK 1: PRE-EMPLOYMENT
BOOK 2: HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
BOOK 3: CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT
BOOK 4: HEALTH, SAFETY AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS
BOOK 5: LABOR RELATIONS
BOOK 6: POST EMPLOYMENT
BOOK 7: TRANSITORY AND FINAL PROVISIONS

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3
Q

What book of the Philippine Labor Code includes:
Provisions on Wages
Working Hours
Rest days and Holidays
Leave Benefits
Other Terms and Conditions of Employment

A

Book 3: Conditions of Employment

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4
Q

______ covers regular working hours, rest periods, payment of overtime, and corresponding leave incentives and service charges

A

Articles 82 to 96

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5
Q

__________ of the Code covers Minimum wage rates and payment forms.

A

Articles 97 to 119

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6
Q

_____ covers the creation of the National Wages and Productivity Commission and the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board

A

Articles 120 to 128

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7
Q

________ covers Employment of Women, including wages and leave incentives

A

Articles 130 to 138

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8
Q

_____ covers the employment of Minors

A

Articles 139 to 140

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9
Q

_________ covers Employment for House-helpers

A

Articles 141 to 152

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10
Q

_____ covers employment for Homeworkers

A

Articles 153 to 155

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11
Q

What book and title of the labor code contains provisions that aim to regulate and ensure decent working conditions for employees across various industries in the Philippines?

A

Book 3 Title 1 (Working Conditions and Rest Periods

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12
Q

(ARTC) Standard Working Hours

A

Art 83

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13
Q

(ARTC) Overtime Work and Compensation

A

Art 87 to Art 89

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14
Q

(ARTC) Night Shift Differential

A

Art 86

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15
Q

(ARTC) Rest Days and Holidays

A

Art 91 to 93

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16
Q

(ARTC) Meal Periods

A

Art 84

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17
Q

(ARTC) Rest Periods

A

Art 85

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18
Q

(ARTC) Holiday Pay and Premiums

A

Art 94

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19
Q

(ARTC) Services Charges

A

Art 96

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20
Q

Refers to those whose primary duty consists of the management of the establishment in which they are employed

A

Managerial Employees

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21
Q

non-agricultural employees who regularly perform their duties away from the principal place of business

A

Field Personnel

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22
Q

includes all time an employee Is required to be on duty at the prescribed workplace and all time which an employee is suffered or permitted to work

A

Hours Worked

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23
Q

The additional compensation grated to employees who work during nighttime hours, typically between 10PM to 6AM.

A

Night Shift Differential

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24
Q

hours worked by an employee in excess of the regular 8-hour workday or 40-hr workweek

A

Overtime

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25
Q

a situation where an employee works for less than the required number of hours in a given workday or workweek, typically falling short of the standards 8-hr workday or 40-hr workweek

A

Undertime

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26
Q

refers to breaks or intervals provided to employees during work shifts for rest, relaxation, and meal breaks. It’s intended to promote health, safety, and well-being of workers, and are mandated by law

A

Rest Period

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27
Q

A benefit granted to employees who have rendered at least one (1) year of service to their employers. It aims to provide employees, additional time-off for rest, relaxation, and personal matters, as a reward for continued service and dedication

A

Service Incentive Leaves

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28
Q

Additional fees to be collected by certain establishments, to be distributed among their employees as part of their wages or benefit

A

Service Charge

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29
Q

What book and title of the labor code contains provisions that governs the payment of wages, including minimum wage rates, wage deductions, and other related matters?

A

Book 3 Title 2

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30
Q

(ARTC) Minimum Wage Rate

A

Art 99 to 101

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31
Q

(ARTC) Wage Deductions

A

Art 113

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32
Q

(ARTC) Wage Fixing Machinery

A

Art 124

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33
Q

(ARTC) Wage Increase

A

Art 123

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34
Q

(ARTC) Payment of Wages

A

Art 102 to 105

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35
Q

(ARTC) Wage Recovery and Claims

A

Art 129

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36
Q

The _________ plays an important role in the regulation and promotion of fair wages and increased productivity in the country (Art 120).

A

National Wages and Productivity Commission (NWPC)

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37
Q

(NWPC) The NWPC is tasked with formulating policies and guidelines on wages and productivity improvement in the Philippines.

A

Policy Formulation

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38
Q

(NWPC) One of its primary function is the determination of minimum wage rates. It reviews wage levels and conducts studies to ensure minimum wage rates are sufficient to provide workers with decent standard of living.

A

Wage Determination

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39
Q

(NWPC) It promotes programs and strategies aimed at improving productivity in the workplace, which can lead to higher wage and better working conditions for employees

A

Productivity Improvement

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40
Q

(NWPC) Conducts research and data analysis on wage trends, productivity patterns and other relevant economic factors, to make an informed policy decisions and recommendations related to wages and productivity.

A

Research and Data Analysis

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41
Q

(NWPC) Provides training and capacity-building programs to stakeholders, to enhance knowledge and skills in wage and productivity management

A

Capacity Building

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42
Q

(NWPC) Facilitates coordination and collaboration among stakeholders involved in wage and productivity matters

A

Coordination and Collaboration

43
Q

The Regional Tripartite, Wages and Productivity Board (RTWPD), is established under ____________. It plays a crucial role in setting a minimum wage rate and promoting productivity improvement at the REGIONAL LEVEL.

A

Art 122 of The Labor Code

44
Q

(RTWPB) To determine and fix minimum wage rates in their respective regions

A

Wage Setting

45
Q

(RTWPB) Work with stakeholders to identify productivity gaps, develop strategies to enhance efficiency and support programs aimed at increasing workplace productivity

A

Productivity Enhancement

46
Q

(RTWPB) They provide a platform for stakeholders to discuss wage and productivity issues, share insights, and reach consensus on policy matters

A

Consultation and Dialogue

47
Q

(RTWPB) Conduct inspections, received complaints, and take necessary actions, to ensure adherence to wage regulations

A

Monitoring and Enforcement

48
Q

(RTWPB) Use data-driven insights to make informed wage-setting decisions, formulate policies and develop strategies in promoting economic growth and social justice

A

Research and Policy Analysis

49
Q

any organized group of persons

A

Person

50
Q

any person acting directly or indirectly in the interest of an employer in relation to an employee

A

Employer

51
Q

any individual employed by an employer

A

Employee

52
Q

– includes to suffer or permit to work

A

Employ

53
Q

includes farming in all its branches and, among other things, includes cultivation and tillage of soil

A

Agriculture

54
Q

the remuneration or earnings paid to any employee

A

Wage

55
Q

an official directive to prescribed adjustments or increase in minimum wage rates within a specific region

A

Wage Order

56
Q

An arrangement where, the contractor or subcontractor merely recruits, supplies, or places workers to perform a job, work, or service for a principal employer

A

“Labor-Only Contracting

57
Q

a compensation awarded to the legal representative or counsel of a prevailing employee in labor cases

A

Attorney’s Fee

58
Q

The establishment of minimum wage rates by the RTWPB across different regions in the country

A

Wage Fixing

59
Q

__________ is recognized as a fundamental right of both employees and employers. This principle encourages negotiations between both parties to arrive at a mutually acceptable terms and conditions of employment

A

Freedom to Bargain

60
Q

_______ is a negotiated agreement between an employer and a registered labor union representing the employees, outlining the terms and conditions of employment

A

Collective Bargaining Agreement

61
Q

Legal remedies to prevent harm, protect rights and maintain peace and order in labor disputes. These are temporary measures issued by court to restrain or prohibit certain actions pending resolutions of the underlying disputes.

A

Injunction

62
Q

BOOK 3 of the Philippine Labor Code aims to:

A

Protect the rights of workers
Ensure fair and just employment practices.
Establish minimum standards for wages, benefits, and working condition
Promote social justice and improve the welfare of Filipino workers

63
Q

Refers to practices and activities that business organizations adopt during their operations which have social and environmental impacts and relevance.

A

Corporate Social Responsibility

64
Q

LEVELS OF CSR

A
  • DUTY TO NOT CAUSE HARM
  • RESPONSIBILITY TO NOT CAUSE HARM
  • RESPONSIBILITY TO DO GOOD
65
Q

FOUR MAJOR OBLIGATIONS

A

ECONOMIC
LEGAL
PHILANTHROPIC
ETHICAL

66
Q

Businesses has the economic responsibility to make money. In the market conception of a corporation, profit making is the primary reason for its existence.

A

ECONOMIC OBLIGATIONS

67
Q

Business has the legal responsibility to adhere to rules and regulations. CSR proponents argue that this obligation must be understood as proactive duty of corporations – meaning, corporations can’t simply skip if penalties are lower, rather, accept these rules as social goods and make efforts to obey and respect the spirit of the limits.

A

LEGAL OBLIGATIONS

68
Q

Business has the ethical responsibility to do what is right even when not required by the letter or spirit of the law. This obligation is considers businesses itself as good citizens of society.

A

ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS

69
Q

Business has a philanthropic responsibility to contribute to society’s projects even when thay are independent of the particular business.
It describes the free-will of an organization to contribute to social causes as a matter of philanthropy (act or gift done or made for humanitarian purpose)

A

PHILANTHROPIC

70
Q

This is a form of social responsibility that dictate tabulating bottom-line results not only in terms of economic terms but also in terms of company’s effect in the social and environmental realm.

A

THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE

71
Q

____________ are the triple bottom-line standards that determine the success of the business (ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL

A

People, Planet, and Profits

72
Q

Values long term solidity over more volatile, short-term profits, no matter how high.

A

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

73
Q

Values balance in people’s lives and the way we lives.

A

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

74
Q

Begins from the affirmation that natural resources are limited.
It is the responsibility of corporations to protect the physical environment with the future generation in mind.

A

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

75
Q

_________ states that every business decision has an impact on a wide variety of people, that is, providing benefits to some and imposing cost on others

A

The Stakeholders Theory

76
Q

________ refers to laws and regulations that governs the conduct of business. Many problems and conflicts in business can be avoided if owners, managers and employees know more about business law and legal system.

A

Business Law

77
Q

It is not just altruism that motivates corporation to operate in a socially responsible manner, but also consideration of ___________

A

The Bottom Line

78
Q

__________ is an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person to choose from among several actions that may be evaluated as right or wrong

A

Ethical Issue

79
Q

__________ exists when a person must choose whether to advance his personal interest or those of others. To avoid conflict of interest, employees must be able to separate their personal interest from their business dealings

A

Conflict of Interest

80
Q

______ are at the hearts of business ethics and relate to the general values of decision makers. At the minimum, business-persons are expected to follow all applicable laws and regulations. But beyond obeying laws, they are expected not to harm customers, employees, clients and competitors knowingly through deception, misrepresentation, coercion, or discrimination

A

Fairness and Honesty

81
Q

False and misleading advertising, as well as deceptive personal-selling tactics anger consumers and can lead to failure of a business. Truthfulness about product safety and quality are also important to consumers.

A

Communications

82
Q

Ethical behavior within a business involves keeping company secrets, meeting obligations and responsibilities, and avoiding undue pressure that may force others to act unethically.

A

Business Relationships

83
Q

In business, an ethical issue arises when an employee copies reports or takes the work or ideas of others and present them as his own. Managers attempting to take credit for a subordinates’ ideas is engaging in another type of plagiarism.

A

Plagiarism

84
Q

Wo developed ROAST (Resource Optimization Assessment for Sustainable Technologies) Scale for environmental performance?

A

H. Dodge and R. Welford (Welford, 1995)

85
Q

_______ used to assess and optimize the environmental performance of technologies and processes in various industries, aiming to improve sustainability and resource efficiency.

A

ROAST

86
Q

A ______________ is an idealistic organizational structure that will function in a manner that is entirely compatible with sustainable development and share values with deep ecology.

A

Transcendent Firm

87
Q

FOUR PILLARS OF GREEN PHILOSOPHY

A
  • ECOLOGY
  • GRASSROOTS DEMOCRACY
  • SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
  • NON-VIOLENCE
88
Q

The least environmentally sensitive measure on ROAST scale is represented by the _______

A

Resistant Organization

89
Q
  • Total resistance to environmental values and rules.
  • Organizations would be absolutely unresponsive and reactive to environmental initiatives
A

Resistance (Stage 1)

90
Q
  • The organization observes environmental law but actions reflect unwilling attitude or lack of ability to comply.
  • Actions are being enforced through legislation or court decisions
A

Observe and Comply (Stage 2)

91
Q
  • Organizations begin to adapt to change.
  • Early indications of proactive and responsive behaviors.
  • Actions are no longer based entirely on complying with environmental legislation;
  • The organization begins to exhibit voluntary behavior.
A

Accommodate (Stage 3)

92
Q
  • The organization voluntarily seize and preempts its actions and environmental concerns.
  • Proactively engages in setting the agenda.
  • Responsive to many external stakeholder.
  • The latter phases would display the attributes of sustainable development.
A

Seize and Pre-empt (Stage 4)

93
Q
  • The organizations environmental values, attitudes, beliefs, and culture, exhibit a total support for the environment.
  • Proactively support and be responsive to all living things.
  • Act in a way which is fully consistent with sustainable development
A

Transcend (Stage 5)

94
Q

The word social come from the latin word _____

A

Socialis or associate, ally or companion

95
Q

French of “to undertake”

A

Entrepredre

96
Q

It suggest an organization of people belong in interdependent groups that live and work together cooperatively.

A

Social (Social Entrepreneurship)

97
Q

“someone who seeks profitably solve problems that the world has in exchange for enough monetary compensation to achieve his dreams”

A

Clay Clark,

98
Q

A ________________ is similar with a business entrepreneur in a sense that both are risk-takers, visionaries, ambitious, result oriented, innovative, creative and passionate.

A

Social entrepreneur

99
Q

A ___________ enterprise is a for-profit business organization that seek solutions to pressing social issues

A

Social Enterprise

100
Q

Social Entrepreneurs find it easier for social enterprises to raise capital mainly because investment for these industry are ethical, which gives it huge incentive and schemes from the government.

A

Easy to Raise Capital

101
Q

Marketing and promotion for social enterprises is also very easy, since it tackled social problems with probable solutions. This make social enterprises more attractive to people and the media.

A

Easy to Market and Promote

102
Q

Social Ideas may come from Personal Experiences, Hobbies or passion, Systematic or Intentional Search or Awareness through different channels.

According to Longnecker et.al, ideas maybe classified into 3 categories; New Market for Existing Product, Develops on entirely new product and New processes for producing existing products.

A

Social Idea Generation

103
Q

7 Types of Innovation

A
  • Creation of new products
  • New process for producing an existing product
  • Delivering an existing product to a new or undiscovered market
  • Utilizing a new source of labor
  • Implementing a new organizational structure
  • Implementing new ways of engaging customers
  • Utilizing new funding models
104
Q

Ideas turned to opportunities when you have these characteristics by Timmons and Spineli:

A
  • Ability to add value for the customers
  • Creating value by solving a problem or fulfilling a need
  • Ability to capture a market and generate profit
  • Compatibility with the skill set of the entrepreneurs that pursue them

Business Ethics (3 decks)

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