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Silviculture > Finals Reviewer > Flashcards

Finals Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

The most used method where all the trees in a certain area are cut down. The stumps and underbrush that is left behind is burned.

A

CLEAR CUTTING

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2
Q

Highgrading. The small areas of big trees are cleared to leace space for smaller trees to grow.

A

SELECTIVE CUTTING

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3
Q

Cutting down almost all the trees in an area, but leaving a few to provide seeds to repopulate the area.

A

SEED TREE CUTTING

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4
Q

Trees are cut down in a checkboard pattern. The parts that are cut down are clear cut.

A

PATCH LOGGING

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5
Q

This is only used for trees that need shade to grow. All trees in a row are cut down.

A

SHELTERWOOD CUTTING

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6
Q

Use of chainsaw to cut strips of trees in alternate rows. Allows the cutter to choose trees he wants to cut on the whole strip. It should be cut perpendicular to the wind to prevent erosion.

A

STRIP LOGGING

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7
Q

It can be combined in numerous spatial and temporal arrangements in numerous spatial and temporal arrangements and functions.

A

CROPS, TREES OR ANIMALS

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8
Q

Woody species is planted and left to grow during fallow.

A

IMPOVED FALLOWS

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9
Q

Combined stand of woody and agricultural species during early stages of establishment of plantations.

A

TAUNGYA

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10
Q

Agricultural species in alleys in between hedges. Microzonal or strip arrangements.

A

ALLEY CROPPING

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11
Q

Multispecies, multilayer dense plant associations with no organized planting arrangements.

A

MULTILAYER TREE GARDENS

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12
Q

Trees scattered haphazardly or according to some systematic patterns on bunds, terraces or plot/field boundaries.

A

MULTIPURPOSE TREES ON CROP LANDS

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13
Q

Integrated multistorey mixtures of plantation crops or intercropping.

A

PLANTATION CROP COMBINATIONS

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14
Q

Multistorey combination of various trees and crops around homesteads.

A

HOME GARDENS

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15
Q

Trees on bunds, terraces, raisers, etc. with or without grass strips; trees for soil reclamation.

A

TREES IN SOIL CONSERVATION AND RECLAMATION

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16
Q

Trees on bunds, terraces, raisers, etc. with or without grass strips; trees for soil reclamation.

A

TREES IN SOIL CONSERVATION AND RECLAMATION

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17
Q

Trees around farmland/plots

A

SHELTERBELT AND WINDBREAK

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18
Q

Interplanting firewood species on or around agricultural lands.

A

FUEL WOOD PRODUCTION

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19
Q

Trees scattered irregularly or arranged according to some systematic pattern.

A

TREES ON RANGELANDS/ PASTURES

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20
Q

the creation of a favorable growing environment for tree seeds or seedling

A

SITE PREPARATION

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21
Q

best applied in
proposed planting areas where the
soil is fragile and needs a
minimum of disturbance;

A

Manual Method

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22
Q

becomes
attractive when there is a clear
labor shortage and where the
proposed plantation site is
relatively accessible and the
terrain allows the use of
machines and motorized
equipment

A

Mechanized Method

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23
Q

oldest method of
removing grass prior to planting

A

Burning

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24
Q

When used as a silvicultural
prescription for site preparation,
the operation is called blank

A

Prescribed/ controlled burning

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25
Q

application of chemicals in removing vegetation during
site preparation activities

A

Chemical Method

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26
Q

all chemical substances that are applied on vegetation to remove them

A

phytocides

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27
Q

used as foliar applications which are meant to kill the leaves that they come into contact with

A

Contact Phytocides

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28
Q

applied to newly cut vegetation to prevent their
regrowth or sprouting

A

Soil acting phytocides

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29
Q

strips of vegetation, usually up to a meter wide, are completely cleared.

A

Strip or Line clearing

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30
Q

the grass is removed only on planting spots with a diameter of one meter

A

Spot or Patch Clearing

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31
Q

the grass is not brushed or cut, but is simply bent or crushed.

A

Lodging

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32
Q

a practice used to anchor, support, and protect recently planted trees

A

Staking

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33
Q

Holes are dug on the spots marked by the stakes. They need to be deep and large enough to accommodate the ball of earth that covers the roots of the planting stocks

A

Hole Digging

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34
Q

The distance between planting lines and the interval between plants in a planting line

A

Spacing

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35
Q

the intervals between planting lines are fixed. The distance between planting stocks in a line, however, are freely adjusted

A

Semi-regular Spacing

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36
Q

there is no set or predetermined intervals both
between planting lines and planting stocks

A

Irregular Spacing

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37
Q

requires a single spade cut into the soil. The spade is moved backwards and
forwards to create an opening.

A

Single slit

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38
Q

2 slits are made in the ground, in the shape of a ‘T’.

A

T notch

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39
Q

a long stick is used as a dibble creating a hole, large enough to accommodate the bareroot planting stock.

A

Dibbling

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40
Q

process of removing unwanted vegetation in an area

A

Weeding

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41
Q

requires the clearing of the area in strips
where the seedlings are planted

A

Strip weeding

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42
Q

weeds are removed around each tree only in a
form of a circle/ring

A

Ring weeding

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43
Q

Removal of undesirable individual trees to
retain only the best trees up to maturity.

A

Thinning

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44
Q

a form of negative selection where poor individuals are removed in favor of the superior trees of the species crop

A

Refining

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45
Q

freeing the young
trees from climbers, unwanted perennial
trees and other vegetation through cutting
and uprooting

A

Liberation Cutting

46
Q

involves the removal of undesirable young trees by cutting or felling them with an ax, power saw or any other sharp cutting tools

A

Mechanical Thinning

47
Q

involves the cutting of the bark and cambium of a living tree

A

Girdling

48
Q

applying herbicides or chemical poisons on the undesirable trees

A

Chemical cutting

49
Q

Removal of the damaged and unwanted tops, stems and branches of trees using shear, pruning saw, bolo or other appropriate tools.

A

Pruning

50
Q

Primary Reasons for pruning

A

For safety
For health
For timber production
For aesthetics

51
Q

Causes of fire

A

Slash and burn
thrown cigarette
Campfire
Kaingin
Deliberate burning

52
Q

it is more practical to prevent forest fires than to control them.

A

Fire prevention

53
Q

these are 10-meter wide vegetation-free strips usually established at the borders of the plantation and at given intervals inside the plantation

A

Firelines

54
Q

these include streams, canals and roads. To make these firebreaks more effective, cut and remove the vegetation beside them during the dry season

A

Firebreak

55
Q

strips of vegetation composed of fire-resistant trees, shrubs and vines to protect croplands from destructive winds which may also enhance the spread of fire

A

Greenbreaks/ Shelterbelt

56
Q

for large plantations, construct look-out towers in strategic locations to have wider view of the area

A

Fire detection

57
Q

an attack from the front is applied in a small forest fire progressing with low speed, using fire swatting, green branches or backpack sprayer.

A

Direct Attack

58
Q

fighting the fire on both sides

A

flank attack

59
Q

construct fireline before the advance of the fire front; a controlled back fire or counter fire can also be started outside the plantation allowing it to burn slowly in the direction of the main fire

A

Indirect attack

60
Q

after the fire has been controlled, all burning debris has to be extinguished thoroughly. Even a small charcoal, if left burning, can restart another fire

A

Mopping Up the Forest Fire

61
Q

they attack tree species mainly for food, habitat and breeding purposes. In the process, they destroy the healthy growth of the trees

A

Pest

62
Q

a harmful change in the normal function and form of a plant

A

Disease

63
Q

Causes of pest and disease

A

Improper site preparation
Planting single specie from one source
Unfavorable climate

64
Q

leaf-eating insect like leaf roller, leaf folder, leaf tier, etc.

A

Defoliators

65
Q

attack the lining of healthy trees and logs reducing them into useless woods which are unfit for construction

A

Wood borer

66
Q

attack the wood bark causing ring barking, disease transmission, staining of wood and death of the tree

A

Bark Beetles

67
Q

cause galls and distortion on leaves and stems of trees and seedlings which may weaken the main stems or reduce the quality of the tree

A

Gall feeders

68
Q

cause stunted growth and forking (branching out of stems)

A

Shoot and tip borers

69
Q

chew the bark of stem and can either make secondary nests

A

Bark feeders

70
Q

pierce and withdraw nutrients causing decline in vigor, growth and death of trees, i.e., aphids

A

Sap feeders

71
Q

attack bark surfaces and roots, consume the entire root system, i.e., rose chafer

A

Root feeders

72
Q

initial symptom is discoloration of the infected portion of the tree which later develops into sunken lesions (wounds)

A

Canker

73
Q

confined at the basal portion of the stem and root system. Leaves of infected trees turn yellow to brown and fall prematurely.

A

Root/butt rot

74
Q

favored by high moisture condition. The first symptom is the swelling of shoots. In some cases, heavily distorted shoots and rounded galls are formed which later turn to brown

A

Gall rust

75
Q

illegal encroachment in the uplands that often leads to kaingin-making (slash-and-burn), a practice that can cause and spread fire to adjacent plantations and other forested areas

A

Squatting

76
Q

involves illegal cutting of trees not only in tree plantations but also in natural stands, destroying wildlife habitats, and clearing areas that may entice human encroachment

A

Timber poaching

77
Q

vast reforestation and plantation areas are deliberately burned and reduced to ashes due to human dissatisfaction or simply greed

A

Incendiarism

78
Q

process of refining the extracted metals, such as ore and copper, with chemicals

A

Smelting

79
Q

considered major sources of pollution

A

Industries and vehicles

80
Q

the periodic cooling of the ocean surface temperatures, increases the likelihood of above normal rainfall conditions and can lead to adverse impacts such as heavy rainfall, floods and landslides

A

La Nina

81
Q

production of protein-rich tree fodder on farm/rangelands for cut-and-carry fodder production.

A

Protein Banks

82
Q

intimate, multistorey combination of various trees and crops, and animals, around homesteads.

A

Home gardens involving animals

83
Q

woody hedges for browse, mulch, green manure, soil conservation, etc.

A

Multipurpose woody hedge grows

84
Q

species should be adapted to the site condition

A

Site factor (Climate and Soil)

85
Q

Purpose of plantation

A

Social needs, industrial needs and environmental protection

86
Q

Purpose of planting that includes firewood, small timber, poles, fruits, fibres etc. These species serve the multi-purpose requirement of the society

A

Social needs

87
Q

Purpose of planting where in the small and marginal farmers should be encouraged to grow on marginal/degraded lands the wood species required by the industries along with the species of fuel and fodder required for their own used

A

Industrial needs

88
Q

Purpose of planting where trees are playing an important role in keeping the environment conducive for both human and animal being.

A

Environmental protection

89
Q

refers to all perennials that are purposely grown so as to provide more than one significant contribution to the production or service functions of the land use system they implement

A

Multipurpose tree

90
Q

can be readily moved from one part of the nursery to another and can be reduced or expanded as the need arises

A

Surface pipes

91
Q

a complete network of main and secondary lines are the most preferable means of relaying water to the different parts of a nursery

A

Underground pipes

92
Q

water is distributed over the beds as a fine spray or mist.

A

Sprinkling

93
Q

beds are usually depressed 4-6 inches below the path. Water is allowed in until the ground becomes naturally/thoroughly saturated

A

Flooding

94
Q

water is made to flow in small furrows between rows of plants or seeds by percolating through the soil

A

Furrow irrigation

95
Q

an irrigation technique that provides water or fertilizer solution to the bottom of containers; sometimes referred to as seepage irrigation

A

Sub irrigation

96
Q

planting stocks are dispatched from nurseries minus the potting medium.

A

Bareroot production system

97
Q

Heavy (Clayey) soils

A

1 2 2

98
Q

1 1 1

A

Medium (Loamy) soils

99
Q

Light (Sandy) soils

A

1 0 1

100
Q

a treatment where the bareroots that were planted during the day for unforeseen reasons are temporarily stored in shallow trenches dug on the ground.

A

Heeling in

101
Q

done to remove or reduce the population of harmful microorganisms in the soil which can cause problems later on

A

Soil sterilization

102
Q

Budget Execution Document (BED) which summarizes how the budget of an office is programmed for the whole fiscal year.

A

WFP

103
Q

contains the performance targets of the unit’s key or major programs and projects.

A

PHYSICAL PLAN

104
Q

refers to any outstanding debts or regular
payments that a party must make;

A

MONTHLY OBLIGATION PROGRAM

105
Q

refers to a range of payment types, including cash, electronic funds transfer, checks and more;

A

MONTHLY DISBURSEMENT PROGRAM

106
Q

*an object produced as a result of activities completed

A

OUTPUT

107
Q

*a task or set of tasks executed to produce a deliverable, given the needed inputs

A

ACTIVITIES

108
Q

*a tool that provides the status or condition of something in particular

A

INDICATOR

109
Q

*Financial requirements of an activity

A

COST

110
Q

Elements of WFP

A

Output, activity, schedule, cost, indicator

Silviculture (3 decks)

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