Finals Review

Question 1

What was the Black Death

Answer 1

A pandemic that spread from China to Mongolia, Northern India and the Middle East.

Question 2

What year was the Black Death?

Answer 2

1347 - 1351

A pandemic estimated to have killed 30%-60% of Europe’s population

Question 3

What was the Hundred Years’ War?

Answer 3

Largest, longest, and the most wide ranging military conflict in the West since Rome’s war with Carthage.

Question 4

What was the roots of the Hundred’s year war started?

Answer 4

King Edward I of England attempted to conquer the neighboring Kingdom of Scotland, thereby provoking the Scots to ally with France

Question 5

Who were the principal antagonists of the Hundred Years’ War?

Answer 5

England and France

Question 6

What was the fundamental cause of the Hundred Years’ War?

Answer 6

The kings of England held the duchy of Gascony as vassals of the French king

The English had close commercial links to the Flanders who resisted French expansion

France had long standing alliance with Scotland and rendered assistance and support to the Scots in their continuous border wars with England

Edward III of England declaring himself the rightful king of France (he had strong hereditary claim through his grandmother, Philip IV’s only daughter

Philip VI of France declaring English lands to the south of the river Loire confiscated

Question 7

What year was the hundred year’s war?

Answer 7

1337 - 1453

Question 8

Who was Chaucer?

Answer 8

Among First generation English authors whose composition can be understood by modern readers with little effort

Wrote the Canterbury tales

English poet

Question 9

What caused the rise of national monarchies in the Middle Ages?

Answer 9

Part was the collapse of the Feudal system.

Crusades exposed westerners to the Byzantine empire and Muslim states by causing large armies to be raised and them how to raise a large enough force to create a national monarchy back home

Active construction of a sense of national identity

Question 10

What was the Magna Carta

Answer 10

Advanced the rights of citizens while limiting that of Kings

Question 11

What year was the Magna Carta enacted?

Answer 11

1215

Question 12

What is the significance of the Magna Carta?

Answer 12

Important general principles that continue to shape the laws of England to this day

Question 13

What are the provisions of the Magna Carta?

Answer 13

1. The king could levy no taxes without the consent of his subjects
2. No free man could be punished until judged guilty by a jury of his peers
3. No man could be arrested without a warrant.
4. No unqualified person would hold office

Question 14

Who was king John I?

Answer 14

King of England, lost his father (Henry II) continental possesions to the new King of France Phillip II

Attempted to recuperate some of the land lost by raising taxes.

Lacked the means to hold the Angevin empire together

Question 15

What is scholastiscm?

Answer 15

Method of teaching and learning fostered by the medieval schools.

It involved the theory and practice of reconciling various forms of knowledge through logical debate (dialectic)

Method debating and resolving problems

Question 16

Who was Saint Thomas Aquinas?

Answer 16

Method debating and resolving problems. Priest and theologian who was committed to the defense of faith through reason.

became the leading theologian at the university of Paris

Believed that a study of the physical world was a legitimate way of gaining knowledge of the divine

Question 17

What is a university?

Answer 17

A unique public forum of advanced studies, the questioning of received ideas, and the resolution of critical problems that was started by an association of teachers to collaborate in the higher academic study of the liberal arts with emphasis of theology

Question 18

What was the Renaissance?

Answer 18

Intellectual and artistic cultural movement beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe

It encompassed a widepread educational reform.

It saw revolutions in intellectual pursuits, and most known for its artistic developments

Question 19

What is Humanism

Answer 19

A program of study that aimed to replace the scholastic emphasis on logic and metaphysics with the study of language, literature, rhetoric,history, and ethics.

Question 20

Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

Answer 20

Adventurous and versatile artist who personified the ideal of a Renaissance man

He was a painter, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and inventor

Question 21

Who was Michelangelo Buonarotti?

Answer 21

An Italian Reneissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. Considered one of the greatest artists of all times

His famous works include the statue of David and the Pieta - the body of Jesus laying on Mary after his crucifixion

Question 22

Who was Raphael Santi?

Answer 22

He was an Italian painter of the high Renaissance, influenced by Leonardo

He cultivated a more spiritual and philosophical approach to his subjects.

Question 23

What was the role of the church in the Renaissance?

Answer 23

The relative weakness and decline of influence of the church in Italy contributed to the growth of a circular power and a more worldly outlook.

Question 24

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

Answer 24

After the Black Death, Northern Italy became the most urbanized region of Europe

Not only was there was great demand for the skills of reading and accounting necessary to become a successful merchant, but the richest and most prominent families sought to find teachers who will impart to their sons skills that necessary to cutting a figure in society and speaking with authority in public affairs

Question 25

Who was John Calvin?

Answer 25

An French theologian pastor during the Protestant reformation.

Principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism - which states that man is sinful and incapable of believing in god on his own because of the fall of Adam

The irresistibility of grace and the doctrine o predestination - God had already selected a group to know about him. The rest will spend eternity in hell

Question 26

Who was Ulrich Zwingli?

Answer 26

A leader of a reformation in Switzerland (Zwinglianism)

Began his career as a catholic priest but later preached ideas on reforming the Catholic Church

He attacked the custom of fasting and lent

Question 27

What year was the reign of Hammurabi?

Answer 27

1792 - 1750

Codification, effective taxation, and administration

Amorite king

Question 28

What year was the Neolithic revolution

Answer 28

Around 11000 BCE

Reflects very evident developments brought about by the change in climate which led to the development of managed food production which in turn fostered settlements that can trade with one another

Question 29

What year was the Protestant reformation?

Answer 29

1517

Sparked by Luther’s ninety-five thesis that among others rejected the practice of indulgence

Question 30

What year was the renaissance?

Answer 30

14th - 17th century

Question 31

What year were the crusades?

Answer 31

1095- 1099 - the first crusade

Question 32

What year was the conquest of Alexandria the Great?

Answer 32

336 - 323 BCE

His secured Greece from a mounting Persian threat and later set the stage for a later Roman conquest and and absorption of Hellenistic civilization

He conquered Persia and Asia Minor

Question 33

What year was the Greek civilization?

Answer 33

1000 - 400 BCE