Finals Review Flashcards
Around what time did humans start cultivating corn/maize (Zea mays)?
Around 10,000 years ago. (8000 BCE)
How long did it take corn to spread to the rest of the Americas?
Twelve to fourteen centuries later. (6800 BCE)
How was it possible for corn and other crops to reach the subarctic north, the tip of south America, and both coasts?
Through vast networks of cultural and commercial exchange.
What was the economic basis for the powerful Aztec state?
Hydraulic agriculture.
What were other goods traded in Aztec marketplaces?
Turquoise, various bird feathers, seashells, obsidian, flint and animal hides.
Describe a land steward.
Someone who is responsible for the purposeful management of resources that the needs of a group can be met in the prest and in the future.
Describe three ways indigenous peoples of the Americas use fire in land management?
Fire was used to clear space for crops in the forest, burn the undergrowth in the forest to attract animals with the young new shoots, and to extend grazing lands for the buffalo herds.
Levels of conflict
You vs You
You vs person
Group vs Group
Nation vs Nation
Styles of conflict
◆ Confronting
◆ Accommodating
◆ Compromising
◆ Problem solving
◆ Avoiding
Peacebuilding(3)
Active Listening
Negotiation- Identifying Wants and Needs
Mediation
Six sources of power
Physical
State
Idea
Wealth
Numbers
Norms
3 laws of power
Power is never static
Power is like water
Power begets more power
ways of understanding the past
Ethnohistory
Documents
Archeology
Oral History
casta system
PCMMNA
Penninsulares
Criolles
Mistizhos
Mulatos
Native American
African Slaves
Describe the policies of Spanish forces in taking economic control over regions in the Americas (Columbus in the Caribbean, encomienda system)
The encomienda system is where the Spanish conquerors enslaved natives for profit, and people kept doing it despite it being outlawed, then they conquered the Portuguese. Their slaves were forced to speak Spanish and become Christian.
