FINALS: Reaction Mechanism Flashcards
Describes WHAT happens in a chemical reaction
Reaction Equation
A detailed step-by-step description of HOW a chemical reaction occurs
Reaction Mechanism
This is involves the movements of electrons
Reaction Mechanism
This provides rationalization for chemical reactions
Reaction Mechanism
Sequence of bond-making and bond-breaking ups
Reaction Mechanism
This allows one to predict the likely outcome of a reaction
Reaction Mechanism
Asymmetrical cleavage of bond
Heterolytic cleavage
Symmetrical cleavage of a bond
Homolytic Cleavage
High-energy species carrying an unpaired electron
(usually unstable)
Radical
High-energy species carrying an unpaired electron (usually unstable)
Radical
Ionic reactions
Heterolytic Cleavage
Radical reactions
Homolytic Cleavage and Radical
Electron-rich; nucleus-seeking reagents
Nucleophiles (Nu- or Nu:)
These typically have a negative charge (anions), lone pair, or multiple bonds
Nucleophiles (Nu- or Nu:)
Electron-deficient, electron-seeking reagents
Electrophiles (E+)
These typically have a positive charge (cations), or are polarizable molecules can develop an electron-deficient center
Electrophiles (E+)
Movement of electron usually comes from __________ to __________
Nucleophiles; Electrophiles
These are ions or neutral molecules that are displaced from a reactant as part of a mechanistic sequence
Leaving Group (L- or L:)
This occurs in substitution reaction
Leaving Group (L- or L:)
The slowest transformation in the sequence
Rate-determining step
FORMULA: Rate of Reaction
Rate = k [A] [B]
k = Rate Constant
This is the number of reactant molecules involved in the rate-determining step; equivalent to the kinetic reaction order
Molecularity
This cannot be isolated, or even detected; energy maximum
(Highly unstable)
Transition State
This can be isolated; energy minimum
(Stable)
Intermediate
Types of Organic Reactions
- Substitution
- Elimination
- Addition
- Rearrangement
- Radical Reaction
