FINALS QUIZ Flashcards
Proper ____ is one of the most fundamental and essential principles of infection control in the clinical and Surgical setting.
aseptic techniques
Aseptic Techniques are those which:
Remove/reduce or kill microorganisms from hands and abjects
Employ sterile instruments
Reduce patient risk of exposure to microorganisms that cannot be removed
Immediately before and during surgical procedures to reduce post-operative infection:
Hand washing
Surgical Attire
Surgical scrub, sterile gowning & gloving
Patients surgical skin prep
Using surgical barriers (surgical drapes and PPE)
Using safe operative technique
Aseptic Technique
Absence of microorganism that cause disease
Freedom from infection
Asepsis
methods by which contamination with microorganisms is prevented
Aseptic Technique
Only ___ are used within the sterile field
sterile items
Destruction of the integrity of microbial barriers results in ___
contamination
4 factors affecting the effectiveness of surgical hand antisepsis:
The preparation before cleansing
The choice of antiseptic solution
The cleansing method
The duration for hand cleansing
- an ideal agent would have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms. This agent would have to work rapidly. An agent that does not work rapidly may not provide adequate bacterial reduction before being rinsed off.
Antimicrobial Action
- an agent offering persistent activity keeps the bacterial count low under the gloves, It is not unusual for a surgery to last in excess of two hours. Studies have shown the rate of glove failures (non-visible holes) increases with the duration of surgery. In addition, studies show bacteria grow faster under gloves than ungloved hands.
Persistent Activity
- the ideal agent would be non-irritating and non-sensitizing. It must have no appreciable ocular or ototoxicity, be safe for use on the body, and not be damaging to the skin or environment.
Safety
- probably most important to achieving compliance in using a new product is its acceptance by the healthcare worker. A product that has ideal antimicrobial action and an excellent safety profile is of little value to good infection control if the user population fails to support its use. Although each is important in its own right, all four characteristics should be present for a complete package.
Acceptance
All surgical scrubs are ___ minutes in length
All are performed using a surgical scrub brush and an antimicrobial sor solution
3-5
the physical removal of organic material or soil from objects, is usually done by using water with or without detergents.
Cleaning
is the destruction of all forms of microbial life; it is carried out in the hospital with steam under pressure, liquid or gaseous chemicals, or dry heat.
Sterilization
, defined as the intermediate measures between physical cleaning and sterilization, is carried out with pasteurization or chemical germicides.
Disinfection
The level of disinfection achieved depends on several factors:
contact time
temperature
type and concentration of the active ingredients of the chemical germicide
the nature of microbial contamination.
: can be expected to destroy all microorganisms, with the exception of large numbers of bacterial spores.
High-level disinfection
: inactivates Mycobacterium tuberculosis, vegetative bacteria, most viruses, and most fungi; does not necessarily kill bacterial spores.
Intermediate disinfection
: can kill most bacteria, some viruses, and some fungi; cannot be relied on to kill resistant microorganisms such as tubercle bacilli or bacterial spores.
Low-level disinfection
Medical devices, equipment, and surgical materials are divided into three general categories based on the potential risk of infection involved in their use:
critical items
semicritical items
noncritical item
are instruments or objects that are introduced directly into the bloodstream or into other normally sterile areas of the body.
Critical items
These items come in contact with intact mucous membranes, but they do not ordinarily penetrate body surfaces.
Semicritical items
are those that either do not ordinarily touch the patient or touch only intact skin.
Noncritical items
Items ____ before processing, because organic material (e.g blood and proteins) may contain high concentrations of microorganisms.
must be thoroughly cleaned
is the most inexpensive and an effective method for sterilization.
Steam sterilization
Role of CSSD
Rinsing
Cleaning
Drying
Inspection and assembly
Packaging
Labeling
Sterilization
Storage
Distribution
___ is one of the most fundamental and essential principles of infection control
Proper aseptic technique
This ___ of proper aseptic technique should be performed every single time in the OR
stepwise process
is the series of events by which uterine contractions and abdominal pressure expel a fetus and placenta from the uterus.
labor
