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Information Assurance and Security > Finals Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Finals Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the primary method of backing up data in the past?

A

Tapes were used for backing up data

Tapes were often locked with minimal security.

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2
Q

What are the two main storage methods discussed?

A

File level storage and block level storage

These methods cater to different backup and recovery needs.

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3
Q

What is a major influence on backup strategies today?

A

Explosion in data growth and compliance with regulatory laws

These factors require enterprises to upgrade to advanced technologies.

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4
Q

What is the first step in a disaster recovery operation?

A

Assessing the problem

This is followed by escalating the issue and declaring a disaster.

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5
Q

What is a Full Backup?

A

All files and folders selected are backed up

It is generally used as the initial backup before incremental or differential backups.

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6
Q

What is one advantage of a Full Backup?

A

Easy to manage as entire list of files and folders are in one backup set

This simplifies the backup process.

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7
Q

What is a disadvantage of a Full Backup?

A

Backups can take very long time and consume massive storage space

This results in inefficient use of storage.

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8
Q

What defines an Incremental Backup?

A

All changes or newly added data since the last full or incremental backup are backed up

This method is faster and saves storage space.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Restores from Incremental Backups are ______.

A

Slower and complicated

Restores require the full backup and all consecutive incremental backups.

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10
Q

What is a Differential Backup?

A

All changes or newly added data since the last full or differential backup are backed up

This method speeds up the restoration process.

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11
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of a Differential Backup?

A

Not an efficient use of storage space

Each differential backup will duplicate files added or edited after the last differential backup.

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12
Q

What is the function of Combinational Backup?

A

Initial full backup followed by incremental or differential backups

This approach requires both the last full backup and the last incremental/differential backup for restoration.

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13
Q

What are the advantages of Incremental Forever Backup?

A

Reduces length of backup window, no need for scheduling full backup, reduces load on network

This method offers transparency in restoration procedures.

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14
Q

What is a key disadvantage of Synthetic Backup?

A

Cannot be the first backup performed on a system

It must be preceded by an initial full backup.

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15
Q

What is Block Level Storage?

A

Creating raw blocks of storage which can be handled individually

Commonly used in Storage Area Networks (SAN).

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16
Q

What is File Level Storage?

A

Backing up the entire file system if there is a slight modification in any file

This method is cost-effective compared to block level storage.

17
Q

Define Recovery Point Objective (RPO).

A

Time period prior to the occurrence of a disaster during which data is lost

It defines the allowable limit for data loss.

18
Q

Define Recovery Time Objective (RTO).

A

Time period between the disaster occurrence and when activities are up and running again

It measures the time taken to recover after a disaster.

19
Q

What does RPO stand for?

A

Recovery Point Objective

RPO defines the maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time.

20
Q

What does RTO stand for?

A

Recovery Time Objective

RTO defines the maximum acceptable duration of time that an application can be down after a disaster.

21
Q

How is the age of backup measured?

A

In days or hours

The age of backup refers to the time period a backup copy will be retained.

22
Q

What factors affect the time taken to recover lost data?

A

Network speed, size of data, type of network, speed of the media

These factors influence the recovery time required by the server.

23
Q

What does TCO stand for?

A

Total Cost of Ownership

TCO is the financial estimate of Backup and Disaster Recovery (DR) plans in an enterprise.

24
Q

What are capital costs in the context of Backup and DR?

A

Initial costs in setting up Backup and DR infrastructure

These costs are part of the total cost of ownership.

25
Q

What are operational costs in Backup and DR?

A

Costs related to maintaining equipment and procurements

These costs are ongoing expenses incurred after the initial setup.

26
Q

What is the purpose of a Backup Operation?

A

To define the step-by-step procedure of performing a backup

This ensures a systematic approach to data backup.

27
Q

What is the purpose of a Recovery Operation?

A

To define the step-by-step procedure of performing a recovery

This ensures a systematic approach to data recovery.

28
Q

What key considerations should be made when designing Backup and DR strategies?

A

Recovery time, necessary backup types, offsite storage policies, cost-effectiveness

Understanding these requirements is crucial for an effective Backup and DR plan.

29
Q

True or False: Incremental backups require all media to be shipped in case of a recovery procedure.

A

True

This can introduce logistical challenges, especially if the offsite storage is far away.

30
Q

What are some advantages of cloud-based Backup and DR solutions?

A
  • Low total cost of ownership
  • Easier deployment
  • Flexible access
  • Easier upgrades
  • Lower downtime

These advantages make cloud-based solutions preferable for many enterprises.

31
Q

What built-in features do cloud-based solutions offer that traditional tape-based solutions may not?

A
  • Multi-tenancy
  • Encryption
  • Compression

These features enhance data security and efficiency.

32
Q

What are some disadvantages of cloud-based Backup and DR solutions?

A
  • Security concerns
  • Need for increased storage space
  • Bandwidth utilization challenges

These factors can impact the effectiveness and reliability of cloud backup solutions.

33
Q

What is the impact of bandwidth utilization on cloud-based Backup and DR?

A

It affects both data transfer and storage operations

Bandwidth utilization can significantly impact recovery timeframes.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The advancing technologies with the need for improvement in aspects proving to be a requirement for enterprises keep on growing by the day. Such features include improvement in ______.

A

[timeliness, better RTO and RPO, faster restoration, high availability]

These improvements are critical for effective Backup and DR plan implementation.

35
Q

What is an effective Backup and DR plan implementation essential for?

A

Ensuring business continuity and data integrity

Proper implementation minimizes the risks associated with data loss.

36
Q

What may enterprises hire research teams for in the context of Backup and DR?

A

To understand how to improve existing technologies without a high impact on budget

This is crucial for adapting to changing technological landscapes.

37
Q

What should be evaluated while conducting a recovery operation?

A

CPU and memory utilization values

These evaluations help in assessing the performance of the recovery process.

Information Assurance and Security (3 decks)

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