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CC1 Finals PRACS > FINALS LABORATORY TOPICS > Flashcards

FINALS LABORATORY TOPICS Flashcards

1
Q

Routine or Commonly used total protein method

A

Biuret Quantitative Colorimetric Method

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2
Q

Principle of total protein?

Biuret Quantitative Colorimetric Method

A

Biuret Reaction

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3
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Volume of biuret reagent: ?
Volume of serum: ?

A

Volume of biuret reagent: 1 mL
Volume of serum: 10 uL

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4
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Total protein after addition of reagents should be left to stand at what temp and fow how many mins?

A

RT for 5 mins.

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5
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

End Products and Color

A

Cuprous Protein Complex (purple/violet)

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6
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Absorbance of total protein

A

550 nm

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7
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

SI unit of total protein?

A

g/L

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8
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

How to convert g/dL to gL for total protein?

A

mutiply by 10

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9
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Reference value of total protein>

A

6.5 to 8.3 g/dL

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10
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

more than 8.3 g/L indicates what condition for total protein?

A

Hyperproteinemia

Increased

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11
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

less than 6.5 g/L indicates what condition for total protein?

A

Hypoproteinemia

Decreased

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12
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Reference method for total protein?

A

Kjeldahl Method

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13
Q

TOTAL PROTEIN

Principle of kjedahl method?

A

Polypeptide bonds + cupric ions in an alkaline medium

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14
Q

ALBUMIN

Most common/Routine method for albumin

A

Bromcresol green

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15
Q

ALBUMIN

Most sensitive method for albumin detection?

A

Bromcresol purple

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16
Q

ALBUMIN

Principle for albumin?

Bromcresol Green

A

Dye Binding

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17
Q

ALBUMIN

Volume of albumin reagent: ?
Volume of serum?

A

Volume of albumin reagent: 1 mL
Volume of serum: 10 uL

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18
Q

ALBUMIN

After addition of reagents, for what temp and how many minutes should sample be left to stand?

A

RT for 30 mins

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19
Q

ALBUMIN

End Products and Color of albumin?

A

Green-Colored Complex

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20
Q

ALBUMIN

Absorbance of albumin?

A

550 nm

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21
Q

ALBUMIN

How to convert g/dL to g/L for albumin?

A

mutiply by 10

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22
Q

ALBUMIN

Reference values?

A

3.5 to 5.5 g/dL

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23
Q

ALBUMIN

more than 5.5 g/dL indicates what clinical significance for albumin?

A

hyperalbuminemia

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24
Q

GLOBULIN

For getting globulin value, what formula should be used?

A

G = TP - Albumin

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25
Q

GLOBULIN

Reference value?

A

2.3 to 3.5 g/dL

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26
Q

What is the Albumin:Globulin Ratio?

A

1.3 - 3:1

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27
Q

Globulin

Higher globulin value in A:G ratio indicates what clinial signifiance?

A

with multiple myeloma/ Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

(increased IgM and IgG)

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28
Q

BILIRUBIN

Method of bilirubin detection?

A

Modified Evelyn-Malloy Method

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29
Q

BILIRUBIN

Principle of bilirubin detection?

A

Diazotization

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30
Q

BILIRUBIN

Volume of bilirubin reagent: ?
Volume of serum: ?
Volume of antioxidant: ?

TOTAL BILIRUBIN

A

Volume of bilirubin reagent: 1 mL
Volume of serum: 50 ul
Volume of antioxidant: 1 drop

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31
Q

BILIRUBIN

In total bilirubin detection, what temp and how many minutes should sample be left to stand?

TOTAL BILIRUBIN

A

RT for 5 mins

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32
Q

BILIRUBIN

Volume of bilirubin reagent: ?
Volume of serum: ?
Volume of antioxidant: ?

DIRECT BILIRUBIN

A

Volume of bilirubin reagent: 1 mL
Volume of serum: 10 ul
Volume of antioxidant: 1 drop

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33
Q

BILIRUBIN

In Direct bilirubin detection, what temp and how many minutes should sample be left to stand?

DIRECT BILIRUBIN

A

RT for 3 mins

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34
Q

BILIRUBIN

End Products and Color

A

Azobilirubin (pink-purple)

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35
Q

BILIRUBIN

Absorbance

A

540 nm

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36
Q

BILIRUBIN

SI unit of bilirubin?

A

umol/L

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37
Q

BILIRUBIN

How to convert mg/dL to umol/L for bilirubin?

A

multiply by 17.1

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38
Q

BILIRUBIN

Reference value of total bilirubin?

TOTAL BILIRUBIN

A

0.05 mg/dL (0 to 88.5 μmol/L)

39
Q

BILIRUBIN

Reference value of direct bilirubin?

DIRECT BILIRUBIN

A

0 to 1.20 mg/dL (0 to 20.52 μmol/L)

40
Q

BILIRUBIN

Increased bilirubin indicates what clinical condition?

A

liver function

41
Q

BILIRUBIN

T or F

Indirect bilirubin is acquired through computation in which (I = Total bilirubin - Direct bilirubin)

A

T

42
Q

BILIRUBIN

Formula of Indirect bilirubin?

A

Indirect Bilirubin = TB - Direct Bilirubin

43
Q

BILIRUBIN

sum of the direct + indirect bilirubin

A

Total bilirubin

44
Q

BILIRUBIN

aka B2 (water soluble, polar, and
conjugated)

A

Direct bilirubin

45
Q

BILIRUBIN

aka B1 (water insoluble, non-polar,
and unconjugated)

A

Indirect bilirubin

46
Q

ALT/SGPT

Method for ALT?

A

Modified IFCC and Bergmeyer Method

47
Q

ALT/SGPT

Principle of ALT?

A

transfer of an amino group between alanine and keto-acids to glutamate and pyruvate

48
Q

ALT/SGPT

What 2 reagents are needed for ALT which make up the working reagent?

A
  • ALT buffer reagent
  • ALT enzyme reagent

5 parts buffer to 1 part enzyme reagent

49
Q

ALT/SGPT

Volume of working reagent: ?
Volume of sample: ?

A

Volume of working reagent: 1 mL
Volume of sample: 50 uL

50
Q

ALT/SGPT

After adding the working reagent, what temp and for how many minutes should be the sample be in?

note: this is before adding serum

A

37-42 c for 3 minutes

51
Q

ALT/SGPT

How is the reading for ALT ?

A

Repeat reading twice every 60 seconds

52
Q

ALT/SGPT

End Products and Color

A

Lactate and NAD

53
Q

ALT/SGPT

Absorbance?

A

340 nm

54
Q

ALT/SGPT

SI unit of ALT?

A

U/L

55
Q

ALT/SGPT

How to convert mg/dL to U/L for ALT?

A

mutiply by 3,376

56
Q

ALP/SGOT

Mthod for ALP?

A

Bower’s and McComb Method

57
Q

ALP/SGOT

Principle of ALP?

A

Liberation of inorganic phosphate from organic phosphate ester

58
Q

ALP/SGOT

What 2 reagents are needed in ALP which makes up the working reagent?

A
  • ALP buffer reagent (R1)
  • ALP substrate (R2)

5 parts buffer to 1 part enzyme reagent

59
Q

ALP/SGOT

Volume of working reagent: ?
Volume of sample: ?

A

Volume of working reagent: 1 mL
Volume of sample: 20 uL

60
Q

ALP/SGOT

After adding the working reagent, what temp and for how many minutes should be the sample be in?

A

37 c for 3 mins

61
Q

ALP/SGOT

How is reading for ALP?

A

Repeat reading twice every 60 seconds

62
Q

ALP/SGOT

End Products and Color

A

P-nitrophenol (yellow) and a phosphate ion

63
Q

ALP/SGOT

Absorbance?

A

405 nm

64
Q

ALP/SGOT

SI Unit of ALP?

A

U/L

65
Q

ALP/SGOT

How to convert mg/dL to U/L for ALP?

A

multiply by 2,764

66
Q

ALP/SGOT

Reference value for ALP?

A

34 to 114 U/L

67
Q

ALT/SGPT

more thhan 35 U/L indicates what clinical significance?

A

Liver abnormalities (not always hepatitis)

68
Q

ALP/SGOT

more than 34 U/L indicates what clinical condition?

A

Biliary obstruction and bone disease

69
Q

What specimen is preferred for detection of urine protein and creatinine?

A

24 hour specimen

70
Q

URINE PROTEIN

Method of urine protein?

A

Watanabe (Dye-Binding) Colorimetric Method

71
Q

URINE PROTEIN

Principle of urine protein?

A

Pyrogallol Red-Molybdate + Protein

72
Q

URINE PROTEIN

T or F

You can also use CSF sample for urine creatinine

A

T

73
Q

URINE PROTEIN

Volume of total protein reagent: ?
Volume of sample: ?

A

Volume of total protein reagent: 3 mL
Volume of sample: 50 uL

74
Q

URINE PROTEIN

In urine protein detection, what temp and how many minutes should sample be left to stand?

A

RT for 10 mins
OR
37 c for 5 mins

75
Q

URINE PROTEIN

End Products and Color?

A

Blue-Purple Complex

76
Q

URINE PROTEIN

Absorbance?

A

600 nm

77
Q

URINE PROTEIN

Reference value for random specimen

A

1 to 14 mg/dL

78
Q

URINE PROTEIN

Reference value for 24 hour specimen

A

22 to 120 mg/24hrs

79
Q

URINE PROTEIN

more than 14 (for random) and more than 120 (for 24 hour) indicates what clinical significance?

A

Proteinuria

80
Q

URINE CREATININE

Method of urine creatinine?

A

Fabinay and Eringhausen Kinetic Jaffe Method

81
Q

URINE CREATININE

Principle of urine creatinine?

A

Creatine + Picric Acid in 10% NaOH

82
Q

URINE CREATININE

What are the reagents needed for urine creatinine which makes up the base reagent?

A
  • Creatinine base reagent
  • Creatinine acid reagent
83
Q

URINE CREATININE

Volume of base reagent: ?
Volume of sample: ?

A

Volume of base reagent: 0.5 mL
Volume of sample: 50 uL

84
Q

URINE CREATININE

After adding base reagent (before sample), sample should be let it what temp and how many minutes?

A

37 c for 3 minutes

85
Q

URINE CREATININE

How is reading done for urine crea?

A

Read absorbance after 20 secs. then repeat after 60 secs.

86
Q

URINE CREATININE

End Products and Color?

A

Creatinine Picrate
(yellow/orange- red tautomer)

87
Q

URINE CREATININE

Absorbance?

A

510 nm

88
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q

URINE CREATININE

Conversion:

mg/L → mg/dL

A

multiply by 10

90
Q

→ the most widely used marker of GFR
→ is produced constantly, freely filtered by the glomerulus, not reabsorbed, but minimally secreted
→ a good measure of the completeness of a 24H urine specimen

A

CREATININE CLEARANCE

91
Q

CREATININE CLEARANCE

Reference Value FOR MALE

A

85-125 mL/min

91
Q

CREATININE CLEARANCE

Reference Value FOR MALE

A

75-112 mL/min

CC1 Finals PRACS (2 decks)

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