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Honor American Government Finals Exam > Finals Exam > Flashcards

Finals Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement

A

due process laws

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2
Q

a court’s decision on a legal question that guides future cases with a similar question

A

precedent

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3
Q

a court that reviews decisions made in lower district courts

A

appeal courts

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4
Q

A list of rights that police in the US must read to suspects in custody before questioning them

A

Miranda Rights

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5
Q

A constitutional law stating that evidence collected by violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights is inadmissible for criminal prosecution in court

A

Exclusionary Rule

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6
Q

Background: Student’s were not allowed to publish a newspaper with material the principal deemed inappropriate. Precedent: School’s may restrict publication if the paper has been established as public forums

A

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

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7
Q

Background: a boy was suspended and not allowed to give a speech at the school for making a speech with language that the school considered inappropriate Precedent: It is not a violation of a student’s 1st Amendment right when school officials discipline students for making a lewd and vulgar speech at a school assembly

A

Bethel v. Fraser

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8
Q

Background: a minor was searched because of suspicions she had cigarettes. Officials found marijuana- she was charged with possession of marijuana. Precedent: A student’s 4th Amendment right is not violated when school officials search without a warrant if there is reasonable suspicion

A

NJ v. TLO

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9
Q

Background: Students were suspended for wearing black armbands at school as a silent protest against the Vietnam War. Precedent: School officials cannot censor student speech unless it specifically disrupts the school environment

A

Tinker v. Des Moines

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10
Q

Background: Police searched a woman’s house without a warrant and found illegal documents. Precedent: All evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures does not count in court

A

Mapp v Ohio

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11
Q

clause in the 1st Amendment that states the government may not establish an official region

A

Establishment Clause

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12
Q

Current number of Supreme Court Justices (allowed)

A

9

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13
Q

“Separate but Equal” doctrine Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

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14
Q

1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education

A

Brown v. Board of Education

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15
Q

Background: a boy was sentenced to death for a murder he committed at age 17. Precedent: Those sentenced to death that are minors are a violation of the 8th Amendment

A

Roper v. Simmons

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16
Q

a 15-year-old at that time, was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. Precedent: The sentencing of a defendant younger than 16 is a violation of the 8th Amendment - Freedom from cruel and unusual punishments, and excessive fines and bail

A

Thompson v. Oklahoma

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17
Q

If you are born or naturalized in the U.S. then you are a citizen of the U.S

A

Parts of 14th Amendment

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18
Q

You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, creed

A

15th Amendment

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19
Q

The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex

A

19th Amendment

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20
Q

Abolition of poll taxes

A

24th Amendment

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21
Q

Citizens who are 18 or older, shall not be denied the right to vote

A

26th Amendment

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22
Q

Method used to deny African Americans to vote by testing a person’s ability to read and write-very unfairly

A

Literacy Tests

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23
Q

A set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to include a particular group based on their gender, race, sexuality, in which they are underrepresented

A

Affirmative Action

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24
Q

University’s admissions criteria, which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for an admission decision violated the Equal Protection Clause

A

Bakke v. University

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25
Q

Allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

A

Grandfather Clause

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26
Q

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

A

Klu Klux Klan

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27
Q

Effort to reintegrate Southern states and 4 million newly-freed people into the U.S.

A

Reconstruction Era

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28
Q

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

A

Jim Crow Laws

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29
Q

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

A

Poll tax

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30
Q

Which are the Reconstruction Amendments?

A

14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, 26th

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31
Q

system where landlords allow a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop

A

Sharecropping

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32
Q

Segregation resulting from economic and social conditions or personal choice

A

De facto segregation

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33
Q

Segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decision by public agencies

A

De jure segregation

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34
Q

Written by Upton Sinclair, encasing the horrors of the food production industry

A

The Jungle

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35
Q

Fire in NY factory that killed 150 people because the building was locked. Led to many reforms in work safety.

A

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

36
Q

1938 Act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor

A

The Fair Labor Standards

37
Q

Why did Wilson end up supporting women’s suffrage?

A

Because he recognized the crucial role women played in war efforts, proving they deserved the “privilege and right” of suffrage

38
Q

a woman’s strategy was to directly lobby Congress for constitutional amendment; Who’s strategy?

A

Alice Paul’s strategy

39
Q

Strategy was focused on State-by-State campaigns

A

Carrie Chapman Catt’s strategy

40
Q

Organized Union Farm Workers; help migratory farm workers gain better pay and working conditions

A

Cesar Chavez

41
Q

Worked with Cesar Chavez to form the National Farm Workers Association

A

Dolores Huerta

42
Q

Riots in NY by homosexuals marking the beginning of the gay rights movement

A

Stonewall Riots

43
Q

States are not obligated to recognize any same-sex marriages that might not be legally sanctioned in other states

A

Defense of Marriage Act

44
Q

No person in the US, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in or subjected to discrimination under and education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

A

Title IX

45
Q

Prevented military workers from being openly queer without threat of being discharged

A

Don’t Ask Don’t Tell

46
Q

Used to describe one entity’s unconditional guarantee or commitment to back the interest and principal of another entity’s debt

A

Full Faith and Credit

47
Q

Requires states to practice equal protection

A

Equal Protection Clause

48
Q

Term meaning “The People” rooted in the post-revolution of the Latin rights movement

A

La Raza

49
Q

Passed by Congress June 4, 1919 and ratifies on August 18, 1920

A

Year of women’s suffrage amendment

50
Q

The 1973 Court decision holding that state ban on all abortion was unconstitutional

A

Roe v. Wade

51
Q

Arguments for and against women’s suffrage

A

Some were against the women’s suffrage because they feared that they would lose power if they gained the right to vote

52
Q

The study of how people choose to use scarce resources to satisfy their wants and needs

A

Economics

53
Q

The condition resulting from the fact that there is not enough of everything to go around

A

Scarcity

54
Q

Factors of Production

A

Labor, Land, Capital, Entrepreneurship

55
Q

Actual product or material that can be obtained in the economy

A

Goods

56
Q

Work performed by someone

A

Service

57
Q

require (something) because it is essential or very important

A

Needs

58
Q

have a desire to possess or do something

A

Wants

59
Q

Owned by private sectors; Freedom; Supply and Demand

A

Market System

60
Q

Co-Survival of Public and Private Sectors; Protection of Labor Rights

A

Mixed System

61
Q

System determined by traditions, customs, belief, and inheritance

A

Traditional System

62
Q

Owned by government; Price Control

A

Command System

63
Q

One that must be given up in order to get something else; a trade-off

A

Opportunity Cost

64
Q

The good or service that must be given up in order to buy another

A

Trade off

65
Q

System in USA

A

Mixed System

66
Q

6 Broad Social/Economic Goals

A

Economic efficiency, economic equity, economic freedom, economic growth, economic security, and economic stability

67
Q

larger scale of economics; Ex- Interest rates and national productivity

A

Macroeconomics

68
Q

Increase in prices of goods and services in economy; Worth of money decreases

A

Inflation

69
Q

price of a weighted average market based on consumer goods and services

A

CPI

70
Q

Number of unemployed people as a percentage of the labor force

A

Unemployment Rate

71
Q

standard of measure of the value added created though the production of goods and services

A

GDP

72
Q

Central banking system of the U.S.

A

Federal Reserve Board

73
Q

(federal) tax imposed on the sale of specific goods or services

A

Excise Tax

74
Q

high-income earners pay a higher amount of taxes compared to low-income earners. Ex- estate tax

A

Progressive Tax

75
Q

Same percentage of tax no matter how much money you make. Ex- Social security, medicare tax

A

Flat Tax

76
Q

Mandatory spending, discretionary spending, and interest on debt

A

Federal Expenditures

77
Q

Deficit

A

Too small

78
Q

Financial liabilities of the government sector

A

National Debt

79
Q

(state) tax on sales or on the receipts from sales

A

Sales Tax

80
Q

Property Tax

A

(local) tax on property

81
Q

proportion of a loan that is charged as interest to the borrower

A

Interest rates

82
Q

Items not included in the GDP

A

Sale of goods produced outside of domestic borders, sales of used goods, illegal sales of goods and services

83
Q

Goods - fruits, Services - gardener, Structures - Market Structure

A

Examples of Goods, Services, and Structures

84
Q

Recession

A

Decline in economic activity

85
Q

Economic Indicators

A

CPI, GDP, Unemployment figures

Honor American Government Finals Exam (1 decks)

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