Finals Concepts Flashcards by Bornales, Anazel V.

What safety measure could break the chain of infection at the portal-of-entry step?

Getting vaccinated against the virus

Covering your mouth when you cough

Boosting immunity through good nutrition and exercise

Wearing a mask while around someone who is coughing

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Modes of transmission of infection can be direct or indirect contact. Infections can be spread indirectly thorough the following, except:

Sneezing, coughing

Inanimate objects

Dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air

Food, water and biologic products

Sneezing, coughing

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Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders

Give the medications

Identify the patient using two patient identifiers

Provide medication education to the mother to help her better understand her child’s medications.

Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders

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Lolo Rico, aged 87 y/o was complaining of urine leaking into his pants. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease 2 years ago. He stated that he often forget that he needs to urinate and where the comfort room is located. Which of the following types of incontinence is described in this situation?

Functional Incontinence

Urge Incontinence

Stress Incontinence

Reflex Incontinence

All of the above

Functional Incontinence

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A 10 year old client with enuresis was verbalizing her confusion and impatience over her inability to control urine. Which of the following response by the nurse should be prioritized?

I understand your confusion over this matter. Can you tell me when did this start?

Urinary is both a voluntary action by a patient. You should practice more discipline to form proper bladder habits

We can give you medications to help you control your ability to urinate

Do you want me to call for your mother?

I understand your confusion over this matter. Can you tell me when did this start?

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Which among the following recommendations must be followed to prevent needlestick injuries among nurses: Select all that apply.

Do not recap any needle after medication administration.

Plan safe handling and disposal of needles before beginning a procedure.

Attend education offerings on blood-borne pathogens and follow recommendations for infection prevention, including receiving the hepatitis B vaccine.

Utilize needles even when effective needleless systems or sharps with engineered sharps injury protection (SESIP) safety devices are available.

Do not recap any needle after medication administration.

Plan safe handling and disposal of needles before beginning a procedure.

Attend education offerings on blood-borne pathogens and follow recommendations for infection prevention, including receiving the hepatitis B vaccine.

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A nurse was checking the client’s Intake and Output Monitoring sheet and noticed that the client’s urine output is less than 30mL/hr. Which of the following should be a priority action from the nurse?

Increase IV fluid infusion

Report to the physician

Continue monitoring the client

Check client’s urine bag

None of the above

Check client’s urine bag

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The nurse enters the room to give a prescribed medication but the patient is inside the bathroom. What should the nurse do?

After a few minutes, return to the patient’s room and do not leave until the patient takes the medication

Leave the medication at the bedside and leave the room

Instruct the patient to take the medication and leave it at the bedside

Wait for the patient to return to bed and just leave the medication at bedside

None of the above

After a few minutes, return to the patient’s room and do not leave until the patient takes the medication

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This pain relief intervention is used to allow patients to alter affective-motivational and cognitive pain perception.

Analgesics

Cold therapy

Guided imagery

Heat application

Guided imagery

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This pain scale consists of a line with three to six word descriptors equally spaced along the line.

Verbal descriptor scale (VDS)

Numerical rating scale (NRS)

Visual analog scale (VAG)

Wong baker Pain Scale

Verbal descriptor scale (VDS)

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This manifestation of an altered oxygenation function is caused by an increased amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin.

Pallor

Cyanosis

Edema

Warm skin

Cyanosis

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A client with chronic pulmonary disease has a bluish tinge around the lips. The nurse charts which term to most accurately describe the client’s condition?

Hypoxia

Hypoxemia

Cyanosis

Dyspnea

Cyanosis

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What are examples of high flow supplemental oxygen?
1. Nebulizer
2. Non-rebreather masks
3. Bilvel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)
4. Mechanical ventilation
5. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

3 4 5

2 3 4 5

2 5

3 4 5

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What are practices that reflect standard transmission precautions?
1. Use protection device on needles after administration.
2. Clean and disinfect the stethoscope after use.
3. Clean hands before, during, and after caring for a client.
4. Wear an N95 respirator mask
5. Cover the mouth when coughing.

1 2 3 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2 3

2 3 5

1 2 3 5

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Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse would wear gloves in what nursing interventions?

Feeding a client

Providing a back massage

Providing hair care

Providing oral hygiene

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The physician is explaining to the patient that while waiting for her surgical wounds to heal, the patient will be utilizing a non-continent urinary diversion. Which of the following is true regarding non-continent urinary diversion?

The patient needs to catheterize 4-6 times a day

An ileal pouch is formed to act as a storage for the patient’s urine

Wound dressing and cleaning should be done by the nurse only

The patient needs to attach a urinary bag to facilitate urination

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This neurotransmitter is needed to transmit pain impulses from periphery to higher brain centers

Bradykinin

Substance P

Prostaglandins

Histamine

Serotonin

Substance P

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What measures can nurses influence that help to prevent health-care-associated infections? Select all that apply

Prompt recognition of signs of infection

Length of stay in the hospital

Reducing visitors to the client

Having multiple staff members care for the client

Keeping invasive lines in as long as possible

Prompt recognition of signs of infection

Length of stay in the hospital

Reducing visitors to the client

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Which among the following statements best defines the meaning of asepsis?

The absence of pathogenic microorganism

Removal of organic or inorganic material on the surface

Practices that help reduce the risk for infection

Breaks the chain of infection

The absence of pathogenic microorganism

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Which among the following statements about infection control are true?

Contaminated hands of a health care worker is the primary source of infection transmission in the health care setting

Admitted patients are the primary source of infection transmission in the health care setting

Surgical hand washing must be performed prior to a nursing procedure

Stress is not a factor to be considered in infection prevention and control

Contaminated hands of a health care worker is the primary source of infection transmission in the health care setting

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A 6-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric unit with chills and a fever of 104°F (40°C). What physiological process explains why the child is at risk for developing dyspnea?

Blood glucose stores are depleted, and the cells do not have energy to use oxygen

Carbon dioxide production increases as result of hyperventilation.

Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.

Carbon dioxide production decreases as a result of hypoventilation.

Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.

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This official type of order signifies that a single dose of medication is to be given immediately and only once.

STAT orders

Standing orders

Now orders

PRN orders

STAT orders

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A patient is ordered Ceftriaxone 750mg SIVP every 8 hours. Knowing the rights of drug administration, which among the schedule should the nurse follow?

7AM–11AM–3PM

7AM–3PM–11PM

8AM–1PM–6PM

9AM–2PM–7PM

None of the above

7AM–3PM–11PM

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A patient is ordered Ceftriaxone 750mg SIVP every 8 hours. Knowing the rights of drug administration, which among the schedule should the nurse follow?

7AM–11AM–3PM

7AM–3PM–11PM

8AM–1PM–6PM

9AM–2PM–7PM

None of the above

7AM–3PM–11PM

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Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient who has received a sedative-hypnotic agent? Risk for injury Fluid volume excess Alteration in tissue perfusion Risk for infection

Risk for injury

Which statement provides evidence that an older adult who is prone to constipation is in need of further teaching? "I need to take a laxative such as milk of magnesia or if I don't have a BM every day." "I need to drink one and a half to 2 quarts of liquid each day." "If my bowel pattern changes on its own, I should call you." "Eating my meals at regular times is likely to result in regular bowel movements."

"I need to take a laxative such as milk of magnesia or if I don't have a BM every day."

The husband is providing care to his wife who has an infected right leg wound. What would you instruct him to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material? Wear gloves before eating or handling food Wear gloves before eating or handling food Place any soiled materials into a bag and double bag it. Have the family member check with the doctor about the need for immunization.

Wear gloves before eating or handling food

A virus travels via respiratory droplets that land on another human's face. What part of the chain of infection is this? Portal of entry Portal of exit Mode of transmission Host

Mode of transmission

A patient with chronic low back pain who took an opioid around the clock (ATC) for the past year has decided to abruptly discontinue the medication for fear of addiction. He is now experiencing shaking, chills, abdominal cramps and joint pain. The nurse recognizes that this patient is experiencing symptoms of Opioid addiction Opioid withdrawal Opioid tolerance Opioid toxicity

Opioid withdrawal

What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection? Handwashing Wearing gloves Covering the mouth when coughing Wearing a mask

Handwashing

Which of the following enzymes can digest lipids? Salivary amylase Pancreatic lipase Pepsin Carboxypeptidase

Pancreatic lipase

The clinical instructor asks her students the rationale for handwashing. The students are correct if they answered that handwashing is expected to remove: All microorganisms from the skin Resident flora from the skin Transient flora from the skin Media for bacterial growth

Transient flora from the skin

This kind of pain feels as though it travels down or along a body part. Superficial pain Deep pain Visceral pain Radiating pain

Radiating pain

Clients should be taught that repeatedly ignoring the sensation of needing to defecate could result in which of the following? Diarrhea Constipation Incontinence Hemorrhoids All of the above

Constipation

It is a biologically -based therapy, where plant -based therapies are used in whole systems of medicine or as individual preparations by allopathic providers and consumers for specific symptoms or issues. Macrobiotic Diet Herbal Medicine Myotherapies Dietary Supplements

Herbal Medicine

A nurse is planning to give a client a dose of insulin. Out of the six rights of medication administration, which of the following actions signifies that the nurse is properly practicing the right (correct) drug? 1 The nurse checks for correct spelling of the medication 2 The nurse notes the size, shape, and consistency of the medication 3 The nurse notes the dose of the medication 4 The nurse compares the prescription label with the medication log 5 The nurse matches the name of the drug with that of the order 1,2,4,5 1,2,3,4 2,3,4,5 1,2,3,4,5

1,2,4,5

This refers to the level of pain a person is willing to accept Pain tolerance Neuropathic pain Nociceptive pain Pain threshold

Pain tolerance

This refers to the point at which the individual person feels pain Pain tolerance Pain threshold Pain threshold Chronic Pain

Pain threshold

When planning patient education, it is highly significant to remember the patients with which of the following often find relief in complementary therapies? Heart disease and hepatomegaly Ulcer and pancreatitis Chronic back pain and arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic back pain and arthritis

Before administering the evening dose of a prescribed medication, the nurse on the evening shift finds an unlabeled, filled syringe in the patient’s medication drawer. What should the nurse in charge do? Obtain a label for the syringe from the pharmacy. Use the syringe because it looks like it contains the same medication the nurse was prepared to give. Call the day nurse to verify the contents of the syringe. Discard the syringe to avoid a medication error.

Discard the syringe to avoid a medication error.

The patient has an order for 2 tablespoons of Milk of Magnesia. How much medication does the nurse give him or her? 2 mL 5 mL 10 ml 30 mL

30 mL

A patient is to receive cephalexin (Keflex) 500 mg PO. The pharmacy has sent 250 -mg tablets. How many tablets does the nurse administer? 1 ½ tablets 1 tablet ½ tablet 2 tablets

2 tablets

In caring for a young child with pain, which assessment tool is the most useful? visual analog scale Simple description pain intensity scale 0-10 numeric pain scale Faces pain-rating scale

Faces pain-rating scale

Which statement indicates the development of opioid tolerance? Larger doses of opioids are needed to control pain, as compared to several weeks earlier. Stimulants are needed to counteract the sedating effects of opioids. The patient becomes anxious about knowing the exact time of the next dose of opioid. The patient no longer experiences constipation from the usual dose of opioid.

Larger doses of opioids are needed to control pain, as compared to several weeks earlier.

The nurse assists the client to the restroom. The nurse performs hand hygiene and dons gloves. Which type of infection precaution is the nurse utilizing? Special precautions Airborne precautions Standard precautions Contact precautions

Standard precautions

1,2,4,5

It is a type of manipulative and body-based complementary and alternative therapy that applies digital pressure in a specified way on designated points on the body to relieve pain, produce analgesia, or regulate a body function. Acupressure Acupuncture Chiropractic therapy Simple touch

Acupressure

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that she has never given before. Which of the following actions should the nurse do in order to promote safety for the client and the nurse when giving the medication? Contact the physician and ask for clarification about the drug Read about the drug in a reference guide before administration Give the drug slowly and double check the record with another nurse Refuse to give the drug until the nurse learns more about it. All of the above

Read about the drug in a reference guide before administration

Situation: Scott Sammers a 12 year old student was admitted to the hospital for acute severe asthmatic attack which occurred 3 days after his mother left for Bangkok to work as cultural dancer A relevant nursing diagnosis the nurse identifies after initial assessment would be: Impaired gas exchange Ineffective breathing pattern Altered tissue perfusion Decreased cardiac output

Ineffective breathing pattern

If an infectious disease can be transmitted directly from one person to another, it is a: Susceptible host Port of entry to a host. Port of exit from the reservoir. Communicable disease

Communicable disease

A client who was recently diagnosed with diabetes and who requires exogenous insulin at home has asked the nurse about the BEST method of disposing of needles. The client tells the nurse, “I know I am supposed to use those red containers to put my needles in, but I do not always have one.” Which response from the nurse is MOST appropriate? You need to get a supply of sharps containers because you cannot throw your needles anywhere else. If you do not have a sharps container, use a heavy plastic bottle or heavy metal container with a lid and make sure you label it. If you really can’t get to the sharps container, you can put the needle in an empty soda can and throw it away. You should carry the used needle with you until you can get to the sharps container.

If you do not have a sharps container, use a heavy plastic bottle or heavy metal container with a lid and make sure you label it.

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a 13 – year -old client. The nurse follows the six rights of medication administration for a pediatric client. After checking for the right client, the right dose, the right drug, the right time, and the right route. What is the final item the nurse must check for this client? The right age The right label The right documentation The right strength

The right documentation

Which factor related to patient safety involves assessing errors in nursing care? Risk management Safe work environment Evidence-based practice Performance improvement

Risk management

The following are acceptable patient identifiers, except: Patient’s name Patient’s case number Patient’s identification tag/band Patient’s room number

Patient’s room number

The nurse knows that the primary function of the alveoli is to: Store oxygen Regulate tidal volume. Carry out gas exchange Produce hemoglobin.

Carry out gas exchange

The patient had an ileostomy placed 2 days ago. Which diet should the nurse recommend to ease transition to the new ostomy? high fiber intake low fiber diet pureed diet High in protein

low fiber diet

Which element in the circular chain of infection can be eliminated by preserving skin integrity? Host Reservoir Mode of transmission Portal of entry

Portal of entry

Which clients are at higher risk of developing a health-associated infection? Select all that apply. An elderly client who has a Foley catheter A client who has a central venous catheter A client who is homeless and malnourished A young adult who has an allergy to latex A middle-aged client who has anxiety

An elderly client who has a Foley catheter A client who has a central venous catheter A client who is homeless and malnourished

The nurse knows that the primary function of the alveoli is to Carry out gas exchange Store oxygen Regulate tidal volume. Produce hemoglobin.

Carry out gas exchange

Trinity is complaining of shortness of breath. The nurse assesses his respiratory rate to be 30 breaths per minute and documents that Trinity is tachypneic. The nurse understands that tachypnea means: Pulse rate greater than 100 beats per minute Frequent bowel sounds Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minut Blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg

Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute

The nurse is completing anthropometric measurements for a patient. The nurse collects which of the following information? Intake and output Serum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels Diet history Height and weight All of the above

Height and weight

The husband is providing care to his wife who has an infected right leg wound. What would you instruct him to do after providing care and handling contaminated equipment or organic material? Place any soiled materials into a bag and double bag it. Wear gloves before eating or handling food Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material. Have the family member check with the doctor about the need for immunization.

Perform hand hygiene after care and/or handling contaminated equipment or material.

A 10 year old client with enuresis was verbalizing her confusion and impatience over her inability to control urine. Which of the following response by the nurse should be prioritized? Urinary is both a voluntary action by a patient. You should practice more discipline to form proper bladder habits We can give you medications to help you control your ability to urinate I understand your confusion over this matter. Can you tell me when did this start? Do you want me to call for your mother?

I understand your confusion over this matter. Can you tell me when did this start?

Which behavioral therapy works best to relieve pain with muscle tension and spasms in patients who are anxious about their pain? Hypnosis Distraction Relaxation Stress management

Relaxation

Lolo Rico, aged 87 y/o was complaining of urine leaking into his pants. He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 2 years ago. He stated that he often forget that he needs to urinate and where the comfort room is located. Which of the following types of incontinence is described in this situation? Stress Incontinence Urge Incontinence Functional Incontinence Reflex Incontinence

Functional Incontinence

A 6-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric unit with chills and a fever of 104°F (40°C). What physiological process explains why the child is at risk for developing dyspnea? Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need. Blood glucose stores are depleted, and the cells do not have energy to use oxygen Carbon dioxide production increases as result of hyperventilation. Carbon dioxide production decreases as a result of hypoventilation.

Fever increases metabolic demands, requiring increased oxygen need.

An/a ______ implies the microorganisms are causing harm by releasing toxins, invading body tissue & increasing the metabolic demand of tissue, thus increasing the vulnerability to skin breakdown. infection aging process dehiscence proliferation

infection

The nurse is going to change the tracheostomy collar of a client who has increased secretions and a strong cough. What PPE should the nurse put on? Goggles and gloves Gloves and gown Gloves, gown, and a mask with a face shield Mask with a face shield and a gown

Gloves, gown, and a mask with a face shield

A nurse is administering ear drops to an 8 -year -old patient with an ear infection. How does the nurse pull the patient’s ear when administering medication? Upward and back Upward and outward Downward and outward back

Upward and outward

What steps must be taken for airborne precautions? 1. Keep a disposable stethoscope in the room. 2. Put on a fitted N95 mask. 3. Wash hands before entering and when leaving the room. 4. The room door must remain open. 5. Remove N95 respirator while in the patient’s room. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2 3 4 1 3 4

1 2 3

Which of the following statements DOES NOT define pain? Pain is defined as an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons in the skin. Pain is a state, in which an individual experiences and reports severe discomfort or an uncomfortable sensation. Pain is highly individualized Pain is subjective

Pain is defined as an unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons in the skin.

This excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved in the neurophysiology of pain is generated from the breakdown of phospholipids in cell membranes Prostaglandins Serotonin Histamine Substance P Bradykinin

Prostaglandins

In this type of parenteral medication administration, it involves placing medications into the loose connective tissue under the dermis: Intradermal injection Intravenous injection Intramuscular injection Subcutaneous injection

Subcutaneous injection

A nursing student takes a patient’s antibiotic to his room. The patient asks the nursing student what it is and why he should take it. Which information does the nursing student include when replying to the patient? Only the patient’s physician can give this information Information about medications is confidential and cannot be shared. He has to speak with his assigned nurse about this. The student provides the name of the medication and a description of its desired effect.

The student provides the name of the medication and a description of its desired effect.

An abnormal condition in which the person must sit, stand or use multiple pillows to breathe when lying down is Apnea Eupnea Orthopnea Dyspnea

Orthopnea

Which of the following is the most effective way to break the chain of infection? Wearing gloves Hand hygiene Placing patients in isolation Providing private rooms for patients

Hand hygiene

There is an order for morphine sulfate 4 mg IV. Which route should be used to administer this medication? Oral Topical Parenteral Inhalation

Parenteral

Exchange of gases takes place in which of the following organ? Lungs Kidney Liver Heart

Lungs

A client admitted in the medical ward was complaining of easy fatiguability, nausea and weight loss. The nurse notes her BMI dropped from 19.2 to 18.1. Which of the following nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate for the client? Nausea Underweight Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements Ineffective feeding dynamics None of the above

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

The following are considered agents of chain of infection, except: Germs Parasite Virus Bacteria

Germs

The nurse prepares to administer buccal medication. The medicine should be placed where? Under the client’s tongue Between the client’s cheeks and gums On the client’s conjuctiva On the client’s skin

Between the client’s cheeks and gums

What is the process of converting a drug from original chemical structure to a form that allows for elimination from the body? Metabolism Detoxification Biotransformation First pass effect

Metabolism

What creates a culture of patient safety? 1. Acting on instincts 2. Enough staff to care for clients 3. Reliable technology 4. Memorizing policies 5. Continuing education 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 5 1 2 4 2 3 4 5

2 3 5

When teaching a female patient how to take a sublingual tablet, the nurse should instruct the patient to place the table on the? Floor of the mouth Roof of the mouth Top of the tongue Inside of the cheek

Floor of the mouth

It is the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms, resulting to a disease. Infection Colonization Symptomatic Reservoir

Infection

The nurse completing anthropometric measurements for a patient collects which of the following information? Height and weight Diet History Serum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels Intake and output All of the above

Height and weight

Age is one of the factors that must be taken into consideration in infection prevention and control. Which among the following patients are more susceptible to an infectious disease? A 17 y/o teenager who rides an LRT everyday A 45 y/o mother of 4 kids An 80 y/o old elderly that goes to church every Sunday A 30 y/o father who works at a construction center

An 80 y/o old elderly that goes to church every Sunday

A nurse is administering medications to a 4 -year -old patient. After he or she explains, which medications are being given, the mother states, “I do not remember my child having that medication before.” What is the nurse next course of action? Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders Give the medications Identify the patient using two patient identifiers Provide medication education to the mother to help her better understand her child’s medications.

Withhold the medications and verify the medication orders

Which statement best describes the evidence associated with complementary therapies a s a whole? The science supporting the effectiveness of complementary therapies in early in its development. Systematic reviews of the evidence often indicate beginning support for therapies, but there is lack of strong evidence supporting their widespread use. Many clinical trials in complementary therapies support their effectiveness in a wide range of clinical problems It is difficult to find funding for studies about complementary therapies. Therefore, we should not expect to find evidence supporting its use. Most of the research examining complementary and alternative therapies has found little evidence, suggesting that although people like them, they are not effective.

The science supporting the effectiveness of complementary therapies in early in its development. Systematic reviews of the evidence often indicate beginning support for therapies, but there is lack of strong evidence supporting their widespread use.

The client complaining of diarrhea was asking what diet is recommended for her. Which of the following foods can the nurse recommend? Kimchi rice with egg Chicken breast Porridge Vegetable salad Rocky road ice cream All of the above

Chicken breast Porridge

This is a state of ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate the normal venous carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism. Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Atelectasis Hypoxia

Hyperventilation

The nurse is instructing the client regarding Clear Liquid Diet. Which of the following foods suggested by the client is considered under this special diet? Vanilla Ice cream Plain Gelatin Cream of mushroom soup Caramel macchiato

Plain Gelatin

A patient was wheeled into the clinic after suffering from an ankle sprain. The nurse provides cold compress to prevent further injury to the site. Which of the following is a priority nursing consideration when applying cold therapy? Apply ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs Keep the patient covered with a blanket or robe Remove any hair or skin preparations before attaching the electrodes Position the patient comfortably and place waterproof pads under the injured area

Apply ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs

When is washing with soap and water preferred over using an alcohol-based sanitizer? When hands are visibly soiled Before feeding a client After removing gloves When hands are not visibly soiled None of the above

When hands are visibly soiled

Carbohydrates is composed of the following elements EXCEPT: Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Nitrogen

The nurse observes that Mr. Adams begins to have increased difficulty breathing. She elevates the head of the bed to the high Fowler position, which decreases his respiratory distress. The nurse documents this breathing as: Eupnea Orthopnea Tachypnea Hyperventilation

Orthopnea

A nurse has gathered medication to administer to a client. Which of the following describes an appropriate way to assess the medication is being given to the right client? Checking the client’s ID band Checking the client’s room number Calling the client by its first name All of the above Verifying the client’s name on the chart

Checking the client’s ID band

Situation: Feeter Parker, 9 years old was brought to the pediatrician due to difficulty of breathing. His mother left for Taiwan to work 2 days ago. He is diagnosed to have pulmonary disease- asthma. Considering his condition, which two nursing diagnosis are appropriate for Feeter? Ineffective airway clearance impaired gas exchange infection altered tissue perfusion 1 and 3 1 and 4 1 and 2 2 and 3

1 and 2

This is the process through which peripheral pain receptors transmit information about current or potential tissue damage Nociception Modulation Perception Transmission Transduction

Nociception

When planning patient education, it is highly significant to remember the patients with which of the following often find relief in complementary therapies? Heart disease and hepatomegaly Chronic back pain and arthritis Ulcer and pancreatitis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic back pain and arthritis

Which intervention should the nurse include as a non-pharmacologic pain-relief intervention for chronic pain? Removing all glaring lights and excessive noise Administering pain medication as prescribed Using transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation Referring the client for hypnosis

Removing all glaring lights and excessive noise