FINALS chp 22-35 Flashcards
Definition of Social Welfare Administration
A process of organizing and administering social work services (public/private).
Transforms social policy into social action.
Knowledge/skills derived from managerial sciences.
Involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, budgeting.
Key Concepts of Social Welfare
Social Problem: Issues requiring societal response.
Society’s Response: Policies, legislation, procedures.
Social Work: Uses specialized techniques for administering welfare services.
Features of Social Welfare Administration
Focus on social welfare agencies achieving objectives.
Restores impaired social functioning and prevents dysfunction.
Requires community participation and resource optimization.
Governing boards represent target communities.
Functions cooperatively and recruits qualified manpower.
Areas of Administration
Organization & structure
Policy making & planning
Program development
Supervision & leadership
Public relations and resource mobilization
Principles of Social Welfare Administration (1)
Values: Focus on community/client needs.
Agency Purpose: Formulated, specified, understood.
Cultural Setting: Understand community culture.
Principles of Social Welfare Administration (2)
Participation: Encourage contributions from all stakeholders.
Communication: Maintain open channels for effective functioning.
Resource Utilization: Foster and conserve resources responsibly.
Principles of Social Welfare Administration (3)
Change: Adapt to changes in community/agency.
Evaluation: Regularly evaluate processes/programs.
Growth: Encourage learning and development of participants.
Definition of Social Action
Friedlander: Efforts to bring changes in social legislation.
Solender: Enhances welfare through modifying social policy.
Examples: Civil Rights Movement, Feminist Movement, SEWA.
Objectives of Social Action
Address mass social problems with mass efforts.
Modify social policies and improve welfare systems.
Enhance the welfare of society through planned change.
Characteristics of Social Action
Aims at desirable social change and progress.
Influences public opinion via education, persuasion, or pressure.
Focuses on tailoring social policies and improving legislation.
Elements of Social Action (1)
Active Community: Group must be planned, conscious, and organized.
Democratic Leadership: Leadership arises through common consent.
Resource Coordination: Align resources with problem needs.
Elements of Social Action (2)
Cooperation: Encourage participation and inspire involvement.
Public Opinion: Utilize media and meetings to generate support.
Key Questions in the Process of Social Action
What is happening in people’s lives?
What are their concerns?
What makes them angry, frightened, happy, or frustrated?
How can these issues be expressed without interpretation?
Why do these issues exist?
How can the community address them?
Key Stages of Social Action
Action: Identify root causes, encourage community analysis, and develop plans for meaningful change.
Testing Ideas: Create environments where the group can test solutions before applying them.
Reflection: Review success and outcomes of actions and adjust plans accordingly.
First Four Steps of Social Action
Recognition of the Problem: Identify and acknowledge social issues.
Collection of Facts: Use scientific research methods to gather data and understand causes.
Educate and Empower People: Involve affected communities through discussions and consultations.
Conviction: Ensure that people believe the problem can be solved and change is within their reach.
Remaining Steps of Social Action
- Consultation with People: Create an action plan by involving the community in decision-making.
- Consultation with Stakeholders: Gain support from local authorities and governments.
- Administrative Measures: Assign specific responsibilities and timelines.
- Mobilization of Resources: Gather necessary resources (people, money, materials).
Principles of Social Action (Part I)
Striving for Social Justice: Challenge inequality, fight for fairness and equality.
Seeing Potential in Others: Believe in the abilities and knowledge of community members.
Recognizing People’s Rights: Advocate for the right to self-definition and participation.
Principles of Social Action (Part II)
- Bringing Out Reality: Understand that personal problems often reflect wider societal issues.
- Collective Effort: Encourage collaboration for more effective problem-solving.
- Facilitator, Not Leader: Empower communities to make decisions themselves.
Max Weber’s Types of Social Action
Rational-Purposeful Action: Actions taken to achieve specific goals through rational means.
Value-Rational Action: Commitment to certain values, like a soldier’s loyalty to their country.
Affective Action: Actions driven by emotions and personal feelings.
Traditional Action: Actions based on customs and habits.
Instruments of Social Action (Part I)
Volunteerism: Unpaid community service based on personal motivation.
Mobilization: Engaging the community in addressing social issues.
PRA (Participatory Rural Approach): Rural community engagement through shared knowledge.
PLA (Participatory Learning and Action): Interactive social development process.
Instruments of Social Action (Part II)
- Advocacy: Supporting individuals in need and speaking on their behalf.
- Lobbying: Directly persuading key individuals or groups.
- Propaganda: Persuasion through targeted messages, sometimes one-sided.
- Bargaining: Negotiation on behalf of disadvantaged communities.
- Blogging: Using online platforms to raise awareness and mobilize support.
- Signature Campaign: Collecting signatures to build pressure on authorities.
What is the definition of Medical Social Work (MSW)?
Medical Social Work (MSW) is a process that assists in the diagnosis and treatment of patients by studying the patient’s social situation and understanding the patient and their environment. It is supported by organized sources to make medical treatment more effective. It includes counseling, casework, and liaison between the hospital and the social environment.
What is the primary function of hospital social work?
The primary function of hospital social work is to teach medical professionals about the social and psychological aspects of disease and act as a bridge between the hospital and the social environment, helping patients cope with illness, trauma, or disability.
Who is a Medical Social Worker?
A Medical Social Worker is a social worker who works in a medical setting such as a hospice, outpatient clinic, hospital, community health agency, or long-term care facility. They assist in diagnosing, treating, and supporting patients through social work practices.
What are the target groups or clientele for Medical Social Work?
The clientele for Medical Social Work includes:
Chronically ill patients (e.g., tuberculosis, diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS)
Physically disabled individuals (e.g., paraplegia, amputation, blindness, deafness)
Patients requiring abortion or suffering from psychosomatic disorders
Individuals needing financial/material help or institutionalization
What are the objectives of Medical Social Work?
The objectives of Medical Social Work include:
Assisting patients and families with social and emotional issues arising from illness or disability.
Enabling patients to use medical/rehabilitative services effectively.
Contributing to the rehabilitation and reintegration of individuals into society.
Promoting health for patients, families, and the community.
What is the nature of service in Medical Social Work?
The services include:
Counseling (individual or group) for emotional/social problems related to illness or disability.
Psycho-social assessment and welfare plan formulation, along with referrals for rehabilitation.
Financial/material assistance, such as waiving medical charges or applying for charitable funds.
Collaboration with medical teams to reach out to the community.
Educational programs for patients, families, and the public on health and welfare issues.
What roles do Medical Social Workers play?
Medical Social Workers have various roles, including:
Teamwork in multidisciplinary settings (doctors, nurses, paramedical staff).
Helping patients and families understand and cope with illnesses/disabilities.
Assessing social conditions and providing appropriate counseling.
Assisting in financial management, offering support for treatment costs.
Educating patients on available disability benefits and other resources.
What are some of the responsibilities of a Medical Social Worker in a hospital?
Responsibilities include:
Helping with discharge planning and ensuring a smooth transition from hospital to community.
Conducting follow-up care with patients and families.
Educating the public on preventive measures and treatment options.
Ensuring that patients adjust to their environment and helping with architectural barriers.
Participating in medico-social research and community-based rehabilitation programs.
What is the history of Medical Social Work in the UK?
In the UK, Medical Social Workers were initially called “lady almoners” and were first employed in 1895 at the Royal Free Hospital in London.
The profession was renamed in the 1960s and became known as medical social work.
The Institute of Almoners was formed in 1945 and later renamed the Institute of Medical Social Workers.
In 1974, medical social workers were moved from the National Health Service (NHS) to local authority Social Services Departments.
How did Medical Social Work develop in the USA?
Massachusetts General Hospital first employed social workers in the early 1900s.
Key figures like Garnet Pelton, Ida Cannon, and Dr. Richard Clarke Cabot were instrumental in developing the profession.
Medical social workers focused on case management, health education, and financial assessments.
The work of Jane Addams and Lillian Wald led to improved public health conditions in the 19th century.
What is the role of Medical Social Workers in Pakistan?
In Pakistan, MSWs were introduced in 1953, with the first employed at the Tuberculosis Control & Training Center.
Medical Social Welfare Officers assist patients by providing financial support and linking them to resources such as Zakat and Bait-ul-Maal.
Pakistan has several hospitals with dedicated Medical Social Services Projects, offering services like counseling, rehabilitation, and financial assistance.
What are the funding sources for Medical Social Services in Pakistan?
Medical Social Services in Pakistan are funded by:
Zakat Department
Bait-ul-Maal Department
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
School Social Worker
Definition:
Specialized area within the social work profession.
Provides services to students to address social and emotional issues that interfere with academic performance.
Functions:
Assist students and families to overcome social, behavioral, emotional, or economic barriers to learning.
Interview students and families to assess issues.
Make referrals to appropriate professional or community services.
Importance:
Helps children with poor attendance, behavioral issues, grief, or family problems.
Aims to reduce barriers to learning, improve behavior, and promote students’ well-being.
Effectiveness:
Contributes to improved student outcomes by reducing barriers, improving behavior, setting goals, and enhancing safety and well-being.
Clinical Social Worker
Definition:
Provide mental health services including assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.
Services are provided to individuals, families, couples, and groups.
Key Roles:
Utilize psychotherapeutic theories and tools.
Offer support for individuals dealing with major life changes (death, disability, divorce, etc.).
Coordinate with healthcare insurers for care authorization.
Provide referrals for case management services.
Family Welfare
Role of Social Worker:
Provides counseling and material assistance for families facing marriage, health, economic, and parenting challenges.
Aims to strengthen family relationships and support the basic functions of the family.
Key Activities:
Establish harmonious relationships within families.
Mobilize resources needed by families.
Assess the effectiveness of family support policies and programs.
Work with individuals and other agencies to support the family.
Programs/Activities:
Parent effectiveness programs
Marriage strengthening
Community support programs
Family values and cultural preservation
Family and environment-based livelihood programs
Correctional Services
Correctional Settings:
Institutions such as jails, parole homes, juvenile shelters aimed at correcting behavior and attitude.
Social Work Role:
Support offender rehabilitation.
Offer vocational training, counseling, and recreational activities.
Provide after-care services.
Modify offenders’ behavior and support general life adjustment.
Forensic Social Work
Key Roles:
Provide risk assessments and expert testimony in legal matters.
Offer mental health care, substance abuse treatment, and victim-offender mediation.
Involved in juvenile offender assessment and treatment.
Advocate for restorative justice and address punishment vs. rehabilitation debates.
Occupational Social Work
Focus Areas:
Employee welfare and support.
Job counseling and workplace problem resolution.
Roles:
Assist with employee well-being and job performance.
Provide counseling for workplace issues like substance abuse and domestic violence.
Help corporations improve structure and efficiency.
Run workshops and lead group counseling.
Special Groups
Social Work with Special Groups:
Drug Dependents: Provide addiction treatment and rehabilitation.
Socially Disadvantaged Women: Address issues like domestic violence and sexual harassment.
Released Prisoners and Former Psychiatric Patients: Support reintegration and mental health care.
Older Persons: Provide services to enhance life quality in older age.
Persons with Disabilities: Promote inclusion and support for disabilities.
Fields of Practice:
Community mental health, criminal justice, crisis intervention, and developmental disabilities.
Domestic violence, family preservation, HIV/AIDS, hospice care, and more.
Work in areas like adoption, child welfare, employee assistance, and military social work.
Psychodynamic Theory:
Focuses on the unconscious mind’s influence on thoughts and behavior.
Rooted in Freud’s psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motives and unresolved childhood conflicts.
Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Mind:
Conscious Mind: Thoughts, feelings, and sensations currently aware of.
Preconscious Mind: Thoughts and memories not in awareness but can be recalled.
Unconscious Mind: Thoughts and wishes outside awareness but influencing behavior.
Freud’s Three Components of Personality:
Id: Operates on the pleasure principle, present from birth, and does not distinguish between reality and fantasy.
Ego: Rational part of personality, operates on the reality principle, and seeks balance between the id and super-ego.
Super-Ego: Moral compass, differentiates right from wrong, and causes guilt or pride based on behavior.
Carl Jung’s Contribution to Psychodynamic Theory:
Divided the psyche into personal unconscious (unique personal memories) and collective unconscious (inherited memories and behavioral patterns).
Distinguishes between introverts (stimulated by inner thoughts) and extroverts (stimulated by external environment).
Jung’s Four Functions of Personality:
Thinking: Applying reasoning.
Feeling: Subjective assessment.
Sensation: Aesthetic evaluation.
Intuition: Understanding through unconscious processes.
Alfred Adler’s Personality Theory:
Focuses on overcoming feelings of inferiority.
Personality shaped by style of life, striving for superiority, and parental influence.
Birth order impacts personality traits.
Adler’s Style of Life Types:
Learning Type: Sensitive, dependent, and low energy.
Ruling Type: Power-driven, may exhibit antisocial behavior.
Avoiding Type: Fearful of failure and rejection.
Socially Useful Type: Outgoing, strives for the good of society.
Adler’s Birth Order Theory:
First-born: Perfectionist, intellectual, and dominant.
Second/Middle: Competitive, diplomatic, and flexible.
Youngest/Only: Dependent, selfish, or confident and fun-loving.
Object Relations Theory (Melanie Klein):
Explores how early childhood relationships shape unconscious mind and influence adult behaviors and interpersonal relationships.
Crisis Theory:
Explains how individuals cope with stressful situations and how such experiences can lead to growth and change.
Social Systems Theory:
Human behavior results from interactions within social systems (e.g., family, friends, school).
Systems influence behavior, and strengthening these systems can lead to positive change.
Key Concepts in Social Systems Theory:
Systems are interconnected and can influence each other (e.g., family, community).
Macro systems involve large groups (society), while micro systems focus on individuals and families.
Energy and Information in Social Systems:
Systems are driven by energy and information exchange, which maintains balance and promotes change.
Energy can be physical, emotional, or intellectual support, and information structures the system’s functioning.
Holon Concept in Social Systems:
Each system is both a part of a larger system (supra-system) and a whole in itself (subsystem).
Causation and Feedback Loops:
Human behavior is better understood through systemic interactions rather than linear cause-effect relationships.
Feedback loops allow systems to adjust and evolve through ongoing exchanges of energy/information.
Chaos Theory:
Describes the shift between order and disorder within systems, where intense energy exchange is required to maintain balance.
Social System Theory & its Usefulness for Social Workers
Provides a basis for assessing clients holistically by considering psychological, biological, and social functioning.
Examines the interaction of systems (individuals, families, groups, communities) contributing to the client’s problem.
Social workers may intervene in the family system, community system, or political systems based on assessments.
Interventions include couple/family therapy, community development, and community practice.
Social Learning (Social Cognitive) Theory
Human behavior is learned through interaction with the environment.
Bandura builds on Skinner’s behavioral theories, adding mediating processes between stimulus and response.
Individuals can learn behaviors by observing others, especially those similar to themselves.
Reinforced behaviors are more likely to be repeated.
Used in social work to identify destructive behaviors and their sources.
Transpersonal Theory
Focuses on human development, helping individuals develop strong ego identities as they age.
Spiritual and psychological theory, aiding clients in overcoming adversity and forming good habits.
Emphasizes role models (saints, artists, heroes) who exemplify aspirational behavior.
Also known as Humanistic Theory, emphasizing empathy, warmth, and genuineness in facilitating change.
Social Legislation
Instrument to control, guide, and restrain behaviors to avoid chaos.
Provides laws that protect vulnerable or marginalized groups (women, children, elderly, etc.).
Aimed at improving socio-economic conditions for specific groups, including those who are mentally or physically challenged, or unorganized workers.
Addresses social problems like juvenile delinquency and immoral trafficking.
Social Legislation as an Instrument for Social Change
Designed to protect economic and social positions of marginalized groups.
Requires support from public opinion and administrative reforms to be truly effective.
Social workers use knowledge and skills to access resources, advocating for those whose interests are often overlooked.
Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act, 2010 - Overview
Enacted to protect women from harassment at the workplace across Pakistan.
Defines harassment as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other sexually demeaning conduct.
Aimed at creating a safe and respectful workplace environment.
Definitions Under the Protection Against Harassment of Women Act, 2010
Accused: Employee or employer against whom a complaint is made.
Complainant: A woman or man making a complaint of harassment.
Employee: Includes all workers, interns, or apprentices.
Employer: Person or body responsible for managing the organization.
Workplace: Place of work, including buildings, open areas, or locations related to official activities.
Inquiry Committee Under the Protection Against Harassment of Women Act, 2010
Each organization must form an Inquiry Committee to handle complaints of harassment.
Committee consists of three members, at least one woman and a senior representative from management and employees.
Must complete inquiries within 30 days and submit findings to the Competent Authority.
Procedure for Holding an Inquiry
Inquiry Committee must notify the accused within 3 days of receiving a complaint.
Accused has 7 days to submit a written defense.
Committee examines evidence, allows cross-examination, and ensures confidentiality.
Findings must be submitted within 30 days, with recommendations for penalties.
Penalties Under the Protection Against Harassment of Women Act, 2010
Minor penalties: Censure, withholding promotion, stoppage at an efficiency bar, or recovery of compensation from the accused.
Major penalties: Reduction in position, compulsory retirement, dismissal, and fines (part used as compensation for the complainant).
Support for the Complainant
In case of trauma, organizations must provide psycho-social counseling or medical treatment.
Additional medical leave may be provided, and compensation offered for salary loss or other damages.
