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MINERALOGY LECTURE EXAM !!!! > FINALS: Carbonates > Flashcards

FINALS: Carbonates Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Magnesite

A

MgCO₃; Rhombohedral

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2
Q

Members of this group have a crystal structure similar to calcite

A

Dolomite subgroup

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3
Q

A siderite variety: fibrous variety

A

Wood iron

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4
Q

How do carbonates form?

A

When water is supersaturated with Ca²⁻ (calcium two-plus) and CO₃²⁻ (carbonate two-minus), it is forced to crystallize and precipitate out of the solution.

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5
Q

A calcite variety: a clear form of calcite, originally from Iceland

A

Iceland spar

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6
Q

What is the general formula for the calcite subgroup?

A

XCO₃

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7
Q

Alias of ankerite

A

“Brown spar”

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8
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of dolomite

A

CaMg(CO₃)₂; Rhombohedral

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9
Q

A calcite variety: porous rock formed by calcium carbonate precipitation in freshwater environments

A

Tufa

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10
Q

A calcite variety: formed from freshwater

A

Travertine

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11
Q

Composed of a carbon atom centrally located in an equilateral triangle of oxygen atoms and mostly well-distributed minerals in the earth’s crust.

A

Carbonates

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12
Q

An ankerite variety: grayish-white variety

A

Tautoklin

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13
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of calcite

A

CaCO₃; Rhombohedral

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14
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of dolomite

A

“Pearl spar”; effervescent

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15
Q

What is the general formula for the dolomite subgroup?

A

XY²⁺(CO₃)₂

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16
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of Siderite

A

“Clay ironstone” and “Black band ore”; effervescent

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17
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of ankerite

A

CaFe(CO₃)₂; Rhombohedral

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18
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Rhodochrosite

A

MnCO₃; Rhombohedral

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19
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of Smithsonite

A

“Zinc spar”; effervescent and exhibits a double refraction

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20
Q

Its structures are formed by nitrates and carbonates of relatively small cations.

A

Calcite subgroup

21
Q

A magnesite variety: Fe-rich variety

A

Breunnerite/ Ferro-magnesite

22
Q

A siderite variety: fine grained, concretionary variety

A

Pelosiderite

23
Q

What mineral is an ore for magnesium?

A

Dolomite

24
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of calcite

A

“Iceland spar”; 3 hardness

25
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of Rhodochrosite

A

“Inca rose”; effervescent

26
Q

Distinguishing feature of Magnesite

A

Effervescent

27
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Siderite

A

FeCO₃; Rhombohedral

28
Q

What does the Latin word “calx” mean?

A

“Burnt lime”

29
Q

An ankerite variety: manganese-bearing variety

A

Manganoankerite

30
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Smithsonite

A

ZnCO₃; Rhombohedral

31
Q

Minerals in this group share a common crystal structure, characterized by carbonate ions arranged in a trigonal crystal lattice.

A

Aragonite subgroup

32
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Aragonite

A

CaCO₃; Orthorhombic

33
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of aragonite

A

“Flos ferri” and “Arragon spar”; effervescent

34
Q

An aragonite variety: Zn-rich

A

Mossottite

35
Q

An aragonite variety: Pb-rich

A

Tarnowitzite

36
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Witherite

A

BaCO₃; Orthorhombic

37
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of witherite

A

“Barolite”; effervescent

38
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Cerussite

A

PbCO₃; Orthorhombic

39
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of Cerussite

A

“white lead”’ weakly effervescent

40
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of Strontianite

A

“Strontian spar”’ weakly effervescent

41
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Strontianite

A

CrCO₃; Orthorhombic

42
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Azurite

A

Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂, Monoclinic

43
Q

Distinguishing features of Azurite

A

Effervescent, and its blue color

44
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Malachite

A

Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, Monoclinic

45
Q

Alias and distinguishing features of Malachite

A

“Atlas ore”; effervescent, and its green color

46
Q

Chemical formula and crystal system of Natrite

A

Na₂CO₃, Monoclinic

47
Q

Alias of Natrite

A

“Sodium carbonate”

48
Q

What mineral is an oxidized form of azurite?

A

Malachite

MINERALOGY LECTURE EXAM !!!! (17 decks)

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