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Physics > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

0
Q

Reference point

A

Point used to determine if an object is in motion

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1
Q

Motion

A

Moving a distance away from a reference point

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2
Q

Speed

A

Distance in a given amount of time

Meters/seconds

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3
Q

Average speed

A

The overall rate of speed at which an object moves; calculated by dividing the total distance an object travels by the total time

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4
Q

Velocity

A

Speed in a given direction

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5
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate at which velocity changes

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6
Q

Slope on a distance versus time graph

A

Zero slope or positive. Speed is the slope

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7
Q

Slope in speed versus time graph

A

Negative positive whatever. It is acceleration.

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8
Q

Force

A

Push or pull

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9
Q

Newton

A

Unit for force

kg•m/s^2

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10
Q

1st law of motion

A

Law of inertia

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11
Q

2nd law

A

Mass x acceleration=force

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12
Q

3rd law

A

Actio/reaction. Equal but opposite force

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13
Q

Net force

A

Combination of all balanced and unbalanced forces

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14
Q

Unbalanced force

A

Force that is greater on one side. Start moving, stop moving, or change direction

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15
Q

Balanced force

A

Equal forces; doesn’t move

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16
Q

Friction

A

Force on moving objects when moving surfaces rub together

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17
Q

Static, sliding, rolling, fluid

A

Frictions, friction on: unmoving objects, when one object slides over, rolls over, and friction in a fluid

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18
Q

Gravity

A

Force that pulls objects to the centre of earth and together

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19
Q

Law of universal gravitation

A

Every object has a force of gravity in the universe.

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20
Q

Mass

A

Matter in an object

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21
Q

Weight

A

Force of gravity on an object

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22
Q

Free fall

A

Only force is gravity. The motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity

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23
Q

Air resistance

A

A type of fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air

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24
Q

Terminal velocity

A

The greatest velocity a falling object can achieve. Distance an objects falls is equal to the weight of the object

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25
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion

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26
Q

Momentum

A

“Quantity” mass x velocity.

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27
Q

Law of conservation of momentum

A

Hit something the momentum stays the same. Aside from outside forces, the total momentum of objects that interact does not change

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28
Q

Pressure

A

Force in a given area (foot print)

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29
Q

Pascal

A

Unit for pressure

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30
Q

Fluid

A

Liquids and gases–something that easily moves

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31
Q

Buoyant force

A

Upward force opposite gravity pushing on objects.

32
Q

Archimedes principle

A

Buoyancy of an object is equal to the weight of the water displaced

33
Q

Density

A

How tight something is . Find!!’

34
Q

Pascals principle

A

Pressure applied on a fluid is equally transmitted to all parts of a fluid

35
Q

Hydraulic

A

A system that multiplies force by transmitting force from a small surface area to a bigger surface area. Pressure does not change. It stays the same

36
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A

The faster a moving fluid moves the less pressure it exerts

37
Q

Lift

A

Upward force

38
Q

Work

A

Force * distance. Same direction.

39
Q

Joule

A

Unit for work

40
Q

Power

A

Work in a given time

41
Q

Watt

A

Unit for power =746 watts in one horsepower

42
Q

Machine

A

Something made to simplify human work

43
Q

Input force

A

Effort. Force done on a machine

44
Q

Output force

A

Load (look up in depth) force done by a machine

45
Q

Input work

A

Input force times input distance

46
Q

Output work

A

Output force times output distance

Output work can never be greater

47
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it

48
Q

Efficiency

A

Compares output work to input work as a percent

49
Q

Inclined plane

A

Flat, sloped surface

50
Q

Wedge

A

Device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge. You move the inclined plane itself not he object.

51
Q

Screw

A

Inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Increases distance over which you exert the input force.

52
Q

1st class lever

A

Output fulcrum input force. See-saw, scissors, pliers, can. *these levers increase force if its near the output force. If near input, it increases distance.

53
Q

2nd class lever

A

Effort output fulcrum. Wheelbarrow, doors, nutcrackers, bottle openers. Increase force but do not change direction of the force.

54
Q

3rd class levers

A

Fulcrum effort output. Hockey stick, fishing pole, baseball. Increase distance but not direction

55
Q

Fulcrum

A

Pivot point. Fixed point that a lever pivots around

56
Q

Wheel & axle

A

Two circular or cylinder objects. Axel is the smaller radius object. Car’s wheel and doorknob. Increases force.

57
Q

Pulley

A

Simple machine made of a grooved wheel with a rope wrapped around it. Rotating about a common axis. Can decrease force needed to lift it and it can change direction

58
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

59
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy and object has due to its motion

60
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object

61
Q

Nonrenewable

A

Energy that cannot be used again

Fossil fuels

62
Q

Renewable

A

Energy that can be of use again

Anything organic : wind energy, solar, water

63
Q

Solar energy

A

Energy we get from the sun

64
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Energy obtained from under the hot earth

65
Q

Biomass

A

Energy from waste from plant or animals (decaying biological material

66
Q

Unit for mass

A

Kg (g for density)

67
Q

Unit for time

A

Seconds

68
Q

Unit for acceleration

A

M/s^2

69
Q

Unit for velocity/speed

A

M/s

70
Q

Unit for force

A

N

71
Q

Unit for momentum

A

Kg • m/s

72
Q

Unit for density

A

Grams/mL or g/cm^3 (mass over volume)

73
Q

Unit for pressure

A

Pa

74
Q

Unit for work

A

J

75
Q

Unit for power

A

W

76
Q

Unit for distance

A

meters

77
Q

What affects the strength of gravity

A

Mass and distance

78
Q

How is mass related to an object’s inertia?

A

More mass=more inertia.

Physics (6 decks)

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