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Grade 8 SCIENCE FINAL > Finals 8 > Flashcards

Finals 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

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3
Q

What are 3 examples of the physical properties of matter?

A

Density, melting point, texture and color

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4
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances

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5
Q

What are 3 examples of the chemical properties of matter?

A

Flammability, new substances being formed, ability to react

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6
Q

Difference between a chemical change and a physical change?

A

A physical change alters the form of a substance but does not change it into a new substance. Whereas a chemical change alters the form but changed it into a new substance.

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7
Q

3 types of matter?

A

Mixture, element, and conpound

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8
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances that are mixed togther, but not chemically combined

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9
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means

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10
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance made of two or more substances chemically combined in a set ratio

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11
Q

Pure substances include:

A

Elements and compounds

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12
Q

What are atoms?

A

The basic, smalest particle from which all atoms are found

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13
Q

What happens to the energy within the matter that is changing?

A

The energy is either increasing or decreasing

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14
Q

In order for a change of state to occur:

A

Thermal energy is either added or taken away

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15
Q

The atomic # tells you the number of

A

Protons and electrons

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16
Q

The atomic mass tells you the:

A

The sum of the atomic # and the neutrons

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17
Q

Families are the _______ columns and periods are the _________ columns

A

Vertical, horizontal

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18
Q

Why do families have similar characteristics?

A

They group how they react to form compounds

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19
Q

What do valence electrons determine?

A

Many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms

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20
Q

List 3 traits of metals and non-metals each:

A

Metals: shiny, good conductors, high melting point

Non-metals: dull, bad-conductors, low melting point

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21
Q

What is special about Alkali Metals?

A

Most reactive metals

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22
Q

What is unique about semi-metals?

A

They are non reactive

23
Q

What are the noble gases and what makes them special?

A

Family 18A, they tend to be unreactive.

24
Q

During chemical reactions, which part of the atom is involved in bonding?

A

Valence electrons

25
Q

During a chemical reaction, electrons are either

A

Given, taken, or shared

26
Q

What tells you the number if valence electrons in an atom?

A

Family #

27
Q

Difference between covalent and an ionic bond?

A

A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons, an ionic bond is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions

28
Q

How many valence electrons do most atoms want to be stable?

A

8

29
Q

In an ionic bond, positive ions always bond with

A

Negative ions

30
Q

What type of bond is formed when atoms share valence electrons?

A

Covalent bond

31
Q

5 signs of a chemical change:

A

Changes in properties, color change, precipitate forming, texture, hardness

32
Q

Chemical reactions occur when bonds are either

A

Broken or formed

33
Q

When chemical reactions, atoms are not created or destroyed, they are just

A

Rearranged

34
Q

What does a chemical formula show?

A

The substances involved in a reaction

35
Q

What does a chemical equation show?

A

Elements in a compound

36
Q

Exothermic ___energy, endothermic _____ energy

A

Releases(heats up), absorbs (cool down)

37
Q

Amount of energy required to start a reaction

A

Activation energy

38
Q

Rates of chemical reactions can be affected by these four things

A

Surface area, temperature, concentration, and the presence of catalysts and inhibitors

39
Q

4 pure forms of carbon

A

Diamond, graphite, fullerene, nanotube

40
Q

What is a carbohydrate and what 3 elements are in them?

A

Energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

41
Q

What is a double bond?

A

A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons

42
Q

What is a triple bond?

A

A chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons

43
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule in which many smaller molecules are bonded together

44
Q

5 examples of polymers?

A

Proteins, amino acids, plastics, composite, cellulose

45
Q

How many bonds can a carbon atom make?

A

4

46
Q

Carbon can form:

A

ringed chains, branched chains, and straight chains

47
Q

What are some characteristics of acids?

A

Sour, reacts with metals and carbons

48
Q

What are some characteristics of bases?

A

Tastes bitter, slippery, turns red litmus paper blue

49
Q

Type of ions produced by acids and bases?

A

Acids: hydrogen ion
Bases: hydroxide ion

50
Q

The scale that measures the amount of hydrogen in a solution is called the

A

pH scale

51
Q

A neutral solution has a pH of

A

7

52
Q

The stronger the acid, the ____ the pH, the stronger the base the ____ the pH

A

lower, higher

53
Q

What does a neutralization reaction produce?

A

Salt

Grade 8 SCIENCE FINAL (1 decks)

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