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Temperature > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

LAW OF HEAT EXCHANGE

A

HEAT LOST= HEAT GAINED

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2
Q

MEASUREMENT OF THE KINETIC ENERGY CONTAINED IN A SUBSTANCE OR A SPECIFIC DEGREE OF HOTNESS OR COLDNESS THAT CAN BE MEASURED ON A CALIBRATED SCALE

A

TEMPERATURE

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3
Q

THE HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE/LOWER 1 POUND OF PURE WATER BY 1 DEGREE FAHRENHEIT AT SEA LEVEL AT 68 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

A

BTU

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4
Q

THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE/LOWER ONE GRAM OF PURE WATER BY ONE DEFREE CELSIUS AT SEA LEVEL AT 20 DEGREES CELSIUS

A

CALORIE

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5
Q

FIRST TO MAKE A WORKABLE MERCURY THERMOMETER, WITH USEABLE REFERENCE SCALE. THE FAHRENHEIT SCALE.

A

GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT

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6
Q

PROPOSED BOILING POINT OF WATER AND FREEZING POINT SHOULD BE 100 DEGREES APART. 0 freezing point & 100 boiling point

A

ANDERS CELSIUS

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7
Q

POINT WHERE THERE IS NO MOLECULAR MOVEMENT

A

ABSOLUTE ZERO

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8
Q

FORMS OF HEAT PRODUCTION

C.L.E.M.M

A 
LIGHT- sun
ELECTRICAL- heaters
MAGNETISM- hysteresis of iron 
CHEMICAL- combustion
MECHANICAL- compression,friction
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9
Q

HEAT TRAVELS IN 3 WAYS:

A

CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION

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10
Q

THE TRANSFER OF HEAT THROUGH SOLID MATTER OR BY TOUCH.

A

CONDUCTION

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11
Q

THE TRANSFER OF HEAR THROUGH MOVEMENT OF A FLUID BETWEEN 2 PLACES WITH DIFFERENT TEMP.

A

CONVECTION

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12
Q

THE TRANSFER OF HEAR BY EMITTED RADIANT ENERGY IN THE FORM OF WAVES OR PARTICLES

A

RADIATION

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13
Q

THESE READILY RELEASE HEAT

CONDUCT ELECTRICAL CURRENT EASILY

A

CONDUCTORS

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14
Q

ABSORB HEAT AND STOP IT FROM PASSING

A

INSULATORS

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15
Q

ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED, ONLY TRANSFORMED OR TRANSFERRED

A

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

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16
Q

THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE/LOWER 1 POUND OF MATERIAL BY 1 DEGREE F AT SEA LEBEL AT 68 DEGREE F

A

SPECIFIC HEAT

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17
Q

4 FACTORS THAT GOVERN THE RATE OF HEAT TRANSFER

“HOW FAST”

A
  1. DIFFERENCE IN TEMP.
  2. DISTANCE BETWEEN SOURCE AND SINK.
  3. MASS OF OBJECT
  4. SPECIFIC HEAT
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18
Q

HEAT FORMULA:

A

H=SH * W * DT(change in temp)

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19
Q

1st DEVIATION FROM SET POINT UNTIL SET POINT IS REACQUIRED.

A

LAG TIME

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20
Q

1st CYCLE OF CORRECTION WHEN CONTROLLER MAKES A CHANGE.

* IT IS APART OF LAGTIME

A

DEAD TIME

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21
Q

5 TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS THAT MEASURE TEMP. I

A
  1. THERMOMETER: alcohol, mercury
  2. THERMOCOUPLES: TYPES: J.K.T.E
  3. RTD’s: PLAT., NICKEL, COPPER
  4. THERMISTORS
  5. PYROMETERS
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22
Q

A DEVICE THAT HOUSES AND PROTECTS THE TMD

*PROTECTIVE DEVICE

A

THERMOWELL

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23
Q

INSTRUMENTS USED TO DETERMINE THE TEMP OF A SUBSTANCE

A

THERMOMETER

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24
Q

2 TYPES OF THERMOMETERS:

A

1: ALCOHOL: -173 to + 173 DEG F
RED, CONCAVE MENISCUS

  1. MERCURY: -38 to +675 DEG F
    SILVER , CONVEX MENISCUS
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25
Q

CURVATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE FLUID; POINT OF MEASUREMENT

A

MENISCUS

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26
Q

CONSIST OF 2 STRIPS OF DISSIMILAR METALS FUSED OR BONDED TOGETHER WITH DIFFERENT RATSS OF EXPANSION

A

BIMETALLIC TEMP. PROBES

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27
Q

METAL FATIGUE DUE TO OVER RANGING. LOSES ELASTICITY AMD WILL NOT RETURN TO ORIGINAL READING

A

HYSTERISIS

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28
Q

HYBRID BETWEEN A BIMETAL STRIP DETECTOR AND A BOURDON TUBE PRESS. GAUGE

A

FILLED SYSTEMS TEMP. GAUGE

4 COMPONENTS: 
BULB
CAPILLARY
PRESS DETECTOR
INDICATOR
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29
Q

DISCOVERED EMF

A

THOMAS SEEBECK

*SEEBECK EFFECT

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30
Q

TEMP SENSOR CONSISTING OF 2 WIRES JOINED OR TWISTED TOGETHER AT ONE END .

A

THERMOCOUPLE

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31
Q

TYPE J

A

POS LEAD: W
POS MAT: IRON
NEG MATERIAL: CONSTANTAN

  • WIC
    WHITE IRON CONSTANTAN
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32
Q

TYPE K

A

POS LEAD: YELLOW
POS MAT: CHROMEL
NEG MAT: ALUMEL

*K-y cuz(chromel) ass(alumel)

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33
Q

TYPE T

A

POS LEAD: BLUE
POS MAT: COPPER
NEG MAT: CONSTANTAN

BCC*

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34
Q

TYPE E:

A

POS LEAD: PURPLE
POS MAT: CHROMEL
NEG MAT: CONSTANTAN

*PURPLE CUSH CALLIN

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35
Q

RANGE OF ACCEPTABILITY OF READING COMPARED TO CALIBRATED READING

A

TOLERANCE

All devices have +/- 2% accuracy

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36
Q

3 TYPES OF SHEATHS

A
  1. INSULATION : TEFLON
  2. CERAMIC : BEADS
  3. FIBERGLASS : FABRIC WOVEN
  4. EXTENSION WIRES :
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37
Q

PROPOSED USE OF PLATINUM AS ELEMENT IN RTD

A

WILLIAM SIEMENS

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38
Q

PROPOSED CURRENT CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLATINUM RTD BY WINDING OF A HELICAL COIL OF PLT.

A

C.H. MYERS

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39
Q

RESISTANCE TEMP DETECTION DEVICES:

A

RTD

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40
Q

3 TYPES OF RTD’s :

A

PLATINUM

NICKEL

COPPER

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41
Q

100 OHMS OF RESISTANCE AT 32 DEF F

VERSIONS: 2 wire = +/- 1% accuracy
3 Wire = +/- .1% accuracy
4 wire= +/- .01% accuracy

A

PLATINUM

42
Q

120 Ohms OF RESISTANCE AT 32 DEG F

VERSIONS: 2 Wire= +/- 1% accuracy
3 Wore= +/- .25 % accuracy

A

NICKEL

43
Q

10 ohms of resistance at 32 DEG F

A

COPPER

+/- 1% accuracy

44
Q

TINY CERAMIC RESISTORS WITH HIGH TEMP COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE. NOT INTERCHANGEABLE MUST BE CALIBRATED FOR PARTICULAR APPLICATION

range of use= -22 to 212 DEG F

A

THERMISTORS

45
Q

CONSISTS OF A SENSOR HAT MEASURES INFRARED RADIATION “IR”

Radiation converted into temp reading.

A

INFRARED

46
Q

INFRARED INHERENT ERROR ISSUES DUE TO :

A

DISTANCE FROM OBJECT
TRAJECTORY OF BEAM
AMBIENT CONDITIONS

47
Q

HAVE A FIZED SHAPE AND A DEFINITE VOLUME

*little or no molecular movement

A

SOLIDS

48
Q

FIXED VOLUME BUT NO DEFINITE SHAPE

A

LIQUIDS

49
Q

HAVE NO FIXED SHAPE AND NO DEFINITE VOLUME

A

GASES

50
Q

GASES THAT ARE SUPERHEATED UNTIL ELECTRONS ARE STRIPPED OF THEIR ATOMS

A

PLASMA

51
Q

IS HEAT ADDED TO A MATERIAL THAT CAUSES THE TEMP OF MATERIAL TO RISE

*Change in Temp w/o CHANGE in state

A

SENSIBLE HEAT

52
Q

“HIDDEN HEAT” HEAT ADDED TO A MATERIAL THAT CHANGES PHASE OF THE MAT.

*change of State w/o change in TEMP

A

LATENT HEAT

53
Q

Change OF STATE WITHOUT CHANGE IN TEMP

Liquid—>Solid

A

LATENT HEAT OF FUSION

54
Q

CHANGE OF STATE WITHOUT CHANGE IN TEMP.

Liquid—>Gas

A

LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

55
Q

Melting point = 32 DEF F

LH OF FUSION = 144 BTU/pound

BOILING POINT= 212 DEG F

LH OF VAPORIZATION = 970 BTU/pound

A

WATER

56
Q

PHASE CHANGE FROM LIQUID TO VAPOR

A

VAPORIZATION

57
Q

PHASE CHANGE FROM LIQUID TO VAPOR, OCCURS BELOW BOILING POINT

A

EVAPORIZATION

58
Q

PHASE CHANGE FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID EXCEPT IT OCCURS BELOW BOILING POINT

A

CONDENSATION

59
Q

AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR AS COMPARED TO THE AMOUNT IT CAN HOLD AT A CERTAIN TEMP.

A

HUMIDITY

60
Q

PHASE CHANGE FROM SOLID TO VAPOR WITHOUT GOING THRU THE LIQUID STATE

A

SUBLIMATION

61
Q

WATER IN THE VAPOR PHASE WHICH IS FORMED WHEN WATER BOILS AT OR ABOVE 212 DEG F AT 1 ATM (14.696 PSIA)

*ONLY VISIBLE WHEN WET AS WATER VAPOR CONDESES

A

STEAM

62
Q

USES STEAM UNDER PRESSURE . USED FOR STERILIZATION.

*BASICALLY AN OVEN

A

AUTOCLAVE

63
Q

STEAM STILL IN CONTACT WITH THE LIQUID SOURCE, TEMP OF 212 DEG F

A

SATURATED STEAM

64
Q

STEAM THAT HAS LEFT THE LIQUID SOURCE AND HAS ADDITIONAL HEAT ADDED.

*INCREASES VOLUME SIGNIFICANTLY 270x’s original size

A

SUPERHEATED STEAM

65
Q

MOST FUELS BURN AS A

A

VAPOR

66
Q

SOME MATERIALS BURN MORE _________ THAN OTHERS

A

READILY

67
Q

MOST LIQUID FUELS DO NOT READILY ___________

A

VAPORIZE

68
Q

_____ BURNERS PROPORTION THE VOLUME OF AIR FOR COMBUSTION

A

GAS

69
Q

____ BURNERS MUSR PREPARE FUEL BY _________ INTO SMALL PARTICLES.

A

OIL

BREAKING

70
Q

________ PROVIDES OXYGEN FOR COMBUSTION.

A

AIR

71
Q

AIR HAS _____ % OXYGEN AND ____ % NITROGEN .

A

21% OXYGEN

78% NITROGEN

72
Q

NITROGEN IS AN _________ GAS

A

INFLAMMABLE

73
Q

_____ (H2O) and __________ (CO2) ARE FORMED BY COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF OIL AND OXYGEN .

A

WATER

CARBON DIOXIDE

74
Q

TOO LITTLE AIR WILL CAUSE _______ BURNING OF THE FUEL.

A

WASTE

75
Q

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) IS FORMED AS A RESULT OF ________ COMBUSTION.

A

COMPLETE

76
Q

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IS FORMED AS A RESULT OF _________ COMBUSTION.

A

INCOMPLETE

77
Q

EVERY CHEMICAL ACTION INVOLVES_______.

A

HEAT

78
Q

WHEN A SUBSTANCE IS MIXED WITH OXYGEN SO AS TO CAUSE COMBUSTION THE SUBSTANCE IS CALLED A __________

A

FUEL

79
Q

__________ IS A VERY RAPID CHEMICAL REACTION THAT RELEASES HEAT.

A

COMBUSTION

80
Q

TO HAVE COMBUSTION WE MUST HAVE THE PROPER _______ TEMP.

A

IGNITION

81
Q

FUEL IS A _______ COMMODITY.

A

COSTLY

82
Q

COMBUSTION CAN BE INEFFICIENT AND _________ or EFFICIENT AND ________

A

DANGEROUS

SAFE

83
Q

THERE ARE MANY ______ OF FUELS.

A

TYPES

84
Q

3 NATURAL FUELS ARE ____, ____, and ________\

A

WOOD
COAL
NATURAL GAS

85
Q

A VERY RAPID CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH A FUEL COMBINES WITH OXYGEN AND RELEASES LARGE QUANTITIES OF HEAR.

A

COMBUSTION

86
Q

ANYTHING THAT WILL BURN AND WE CAN USE ITS HEAT QUANTITIES

A

FUELS

87
Q

21% OXYGEN (O2),

78% NITROGEN (N2)

A

AIR

88
Q

COMPLETE COMBUSTION = EPA REQUIRED
.5 - 1.5% (CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE)

CARBON MONOXIDE= .5% –> TOO LOW
NOx(ACID RAIN)= 1.5%—>TOO HIGH

A

LEL=LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

UEL= UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

89
Q

NFPA

*DIAMOND=
TOP--> FIREHAZARD
LEFT---> HEALTH HAZARD
BOTTOM----> SPECIAL CONDITIONS
RIGHT---> REACTIVITY HAZARD
A

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY

90
Q

TYPES OF FIRES

ORGANIC—-> USE H20

A

CLASS A

91
Q

TYPES OF FIRES

FLAMMABLE LIQUID + GAS—-> USE CO2, POWDER

A

CLASS B

92
Q

TYPES OF FIRES

ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT—-> CUT POWER

A

CLASS C

93
Q

TYPES OF FIRES

DANN METALS—-> USE POWDER

A

CLASS D

94
Q

TYPES OF COMBUSTION

A 
COMBUSTION 
EXPLOSION
DETONATION
BLEVE
NUCLEAR--> FISSION(BREAKING OF ATOMS)
               FUSION(JOINING ATOMS)
95
Q

A SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE, USUALLY A FLUID, USED IN A HEAT PUMP AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE.

A

REFRIGERANT

96
Q

CONDENSES HIGH-PRESSURE GAS TO A HOT LIQUID. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION IS REMOVED FROM HOT GAS

A

CONDENSOR

97
Q

MACHINE USED FOR REDUCING VOLUME AND INCREASING PRESSURE OF GASES IN ORDER TO CONDENSE THE GASES. DRIVES PNEUMATICALLY POWERED MACHINERY

A

COMPRESSOR

98
Q

RECIEVES CONDENSED REFRIGERANT, ALSO STORES IT.

A

RECIEVER

99
Q

THE RATIO OF A MATERIALS WEIGHT DENSITY COMPARED TO THE WEIGHT DENSITY OF WATER(for liquids)

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

100
Q

HOW MUCH SOMETHING WEIGHS IN RELATION TO THE AMOUNT OF SPACE IT TAKES UP

A

WEIGHT DENSITY

101
Q

DEVICE THAT MEASURES MAT. S.G. IT IS WEIGHED WITH GRADUATED SCALE + FLOATS AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS FOR DIFFERENT MATERIALS

A

HYDROMETER

Temperature (2 decks)

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