FINALS Flashcards
map projection
an attempt to portray the earth on a flat surface . projections become distorted because the earth is a sphere
map scale
element of map that shows how a unit of distance on a map relates to real distnace on earth
compass rose
a diagram on the map that shows directions
longitude
the lines on a map or globe that measure vertically
lattitude
the horizontal lines
equator
horizontal line at zero degrees
prime meridian
the meridian of longitude at zero degrees
hemisphere
one half of a sphere
relative location
the location of something compared to something else
absolute locatiopn
where something is exatcly one arth
physical map
shows physical feautures of an area suchas river and elevationb
political map
shows state and national boundaries
thematic map
shows a single theme connected to a geographic area
plate tectonics
tectonic plates that make up the earth’s crust
convergent boundaries
boundaries that converge to create mountains
divergent boundaries
boundaries that rift valleys
transform boundaries
the plates are moving opposite directions …… these cuase eathquakes and volcanoes
weathering
works by breaking things down at the earth’s surface. wind , water , ice and living things cause this
erosion
when rock sand and soil are broken into smaller pieces CARRYING IT AWAY
deposition
when rock particles or soil are dopped into a new location
peninsula
land surrounded by water on three sides
ithmus
narrow strip of land with water on both sides connecting two large pieces of land
glacier
big amount of ice
river system
rivers and their tributaries
mesa
elevated flat top
what are mesa shaped by
erosion and convergent boundaries
what is a gulf
a very large bay
weather
the daily conditions of the atmosphere
climate
the average weather over time
relationship between the tilt and the seasons
the tilt cause seasons that are separated by the equator
5 major factors that affect climate
lattitude, ocean currents and wind, contientialty, elevation, mountain barrier,
why is latiitude the most important factor that affects climate
because the further from the equator the colder and drier it gets
what is conteintiality
how far inland something is
what is a climograph
graph that shows average temp and prec. for an area
what climates are near the equator
tropical
what vegatation near the equator
troppical rain forest
what climates near the poles
cold, dry and arid
population pyramid
divided into sexes from youngest to old to show populatio0n change
demographic transistion model
uses death and birth rates to show population chnage
life expentantsy
the avergae time a person may expect to live
population density
the number of people within a square mile
population distribution
pattern of settlement over a region
cultural diffusion
spread of culture traits in material and non material form
culture
way of life of a group of peopel who share similar traits
ethnic group
group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs or place or origin
developed countries
countries that are wealthier with more advanced economies. comfortable way of life for their people
developping countries
poorer countries with a less advanced economy, trying to improve quality of life for their people
monarchy
one person rules, usually a king or queen. position is inherited
dictatorship
the ruler or dictator has absolute power, sometimes military
democracy
all eligible memebers of society can elect themselves
aristocracy
a governeing body usually made up of an upper class or heriditary nobility
communism
people share all the work then all the rewards
what is the difference between a state and a nation
a nation is a group of people united by something, while a state is considered a organised political community
free market
when economic descions are made by individuals
tradtional economy
shaped by tradition, often agriculture and followe established patterns
command economy
the governemnt controls the economy , the state descides how to use and spread out ressources
mixed ecocomy
mixed with command and free market economies
comerism
the idea that buying goods and services in huge abundances will be better off economically
urbanization
the way a population shifts from rual to urban areas and how society reacts to that change
comsumption
the using up of goods and services
infrastures
the organizational structures a society uses to function
urban sprawl
the rapid spread of development from urban to rural areas
gentrification
the arrival of wealthier people in an urban area, a related increase in rent, and change sin the area character and culture
new urbanism
promotes wallkable neighboorhoods with everything in the same place
immigration
people entering a geographic area
emigration
people leaving a geographic area
refugee
person who must leave their country
brain drain
smart people leave their home country
pull factors
attractive factors
push factors
factors that make you want to leave
tar sands
sand or sandstone that contains large amounts of crude oil in semi soid form
inuit
indigenous ppl from the north of canada
metis
mixed of first nation and french canadian
frist nation
not metis or inuit
nafta
north american free trade agreement
import
bringing goods
export
send good away
tariff
a tax paid on imports or exports
why is the panaman canal considered a chokepoint
because it is a small and narrow body of water providing passage to other regions
3 major civilisations in latin america
mayan, incan, aztecs
what is colonialism
taking control over a country or region and expoloiting it economically
what is an empire
extensive group of states under a single supreme authority
terrence farming
type of farming that consists of diffrent steps terraces made in mountains or hills
study anceint civilisations before exam
Ok
slash and burn farming
when forested land is clear cut then the vegatation is burned to create a nutrient rich layer for crops
columbian exhnage
the exchange of things across the new old world
rural decline
worsening economic conditions in a rural area, including risisng unemployement and poverty rates
spatial inequality
the unequal distribution of wealth or ressources across a geographic area
standard of liviing
overall level of comfort and well being of people ina group or counrty
deforestation
the permanent destruction of forest for other uses
envirmonetalist
person who is concerned with or advocates the well being of the envirmoent
land use conflcit
arguments about the best ways to use land
substinence farmers,
usually only grow enough food for their families
sustainable development
involves using ressources in ways that meet their needs without hurting the ability of futre generations to meet their needs
what does hdi stand for
human development index
how to measure hdi
heath, education , income
