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Bible 8 > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

The thing from which everything else comes(also called Prime Reality)

A

Ultimate Reality

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2
Q

Understandable;product of a rational mind

A

Intelligible

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3
Q

The universe was designed by God

A

God Hypothesis

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4
Q

Effect on wavelength of receding objects

A

Redshift

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5
Q

Matter and energy are everything and have existed forever

A

Materialism

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6
Q

Recent group of authors who call themselves anti-theists

A

New Atheism

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7
Q

Reasoning from effect back to cause

A

Abductive Reasoning

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8
Q

The science of the origin and development of the universe

A

Cosmology

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9
Q

Having a limited existence;not always here

A

Finite

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10
Q

How is worldview a type of faith?

A

It is a belief in a system of thought,a personal philosophy,and a hypothesis about ultimate reality

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11
Q

Does faith assume that you have no evidence for believing in what you do?Explain

A

No because faith might be something you believe in for which you have some really good reasons

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12
Q

What is the most important questions that a person’s worldview answers?

A

What is the prime reality?

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13
Q

What worldview do most atheists hold to?According to this worldview,where does all matter in the universe come from?

A

Materialism and according to atheists all the matter in the universe has existed forever

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14
Q

Which worldview was held by most of the founders of modern science,including Kepler,Galileo,and Newton?

A

Theism

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15
Q

Which major worldview is represented in the movie,Star Wars?

A

Pantheism

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16
Q

How can abductive reasoning help us to determine the origin of the universe?

A

We can look for evidence in the world to help us reason bacteria to a cause

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17
Q

The 19th century saw a dramatic move away from theism toward undirected evolution.Was this the result of scientific discovery or the personal philosophy of many scientists?

A

Personal philosophy of scientists because they wanted a reason to prove that God wasn’t real.

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18
Q

In the 1920’s,what did Edwin Hubble discover about the universe?

A

That the universe was expanding

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19
Q

What theory arose from this discovery?

A

The Big Bang Theory

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20
Q

How does the Big Bang theory support the Biblical claim that “In the beginning,God created the heavens and the earth”?

A

An affirmation that the first event took place in a finite time in the past-but doesn’t tell you what caused that first event

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21
Q

What does the God Hypothesis include that the Big Bang theory does not?

A

Where it all began or that it began by God

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22
Q

Describe the 3 cosmological theories and the evidence that supports or disproves them

A

Steady State Theory is disproved because Sir Fred Hoyle tried to come up with another theory to explain the expansion of the universe that did not imply that there was a beginning to the universe
The Oscillating Universe Theory is wrong because the measururements show that there’s only a small fraction of the needed mass in order to cause a gravitational re-collapse
Creatio ex Nihilo is proved right because the field equations of general relativity proved that the universe began at a zero point in both time and space,which coincides with the biblical account of creation out of nothing

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23
Q

The act of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence

A

Inference

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24
Q

Hypothetical contents of a living cell-the “goo inside the globule” idea

A

Protoplasm

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25
Q

How you get from non-living chemicals to the first living organism

A

Chemical Evolution

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26
Q

How you get from simple life forms to complex (Darwin’s Theory of Evolution)

A

Biological Evolution

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27
Q

Every physical parameter set just right to make the galaxies and life possible

A

Fine-Tuning

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28
Q

Imaginary ocean of amino acids at Earth’s beginning

A

Prebiotic Soup

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29
Q

Universe collapsing inward if its expansion rate were slower

A

Big Crunch

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30
Q

Function dependent on the arrangement of the parts

A

Sequence Specificity

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31
Q

Fine-tuning is no suprise since we wouldn’t be here otherwise

A

Weak Anthropic Principle

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32
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid;a molecule which stores and transmits hereditary information within the cell

A

DNA

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33
Q

Our universe is the outcome of a cosmic lottery

A

Many Worlds Hypothesis

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34
Q

Desirable traits in the chemicals of the “prebiotic soup” were selected and passed on to create the digital code (DNA)

A

Prebiotic Natural Selection Hypothesis

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35
Q

What is the most “compelling evidence” for the intelligent design of the universe?

A

The fine-tuning of the laws of Physics and Chemistry

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36
Q

How many conditions in the universe must be “just right” in order for human life to exist?What are some of these conditions?

A

35 conditions must be set just right one of the conditions is a fine-tuner

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37
Q

What evidences lead us to infer that something has been designed?

A

An IPad,DNA molecule,Mt.Rushmore

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38
Q

What is the problem with the Weak Anthropic Principle?

A

There is no explanation of the cause of the necessary conditions for life

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39
Q

What is the problem with the Many Worlds Hypothesis?

A

Who or what is generating the universes?We have no evidence of other universe

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40
Q

What is the side of debate about Intelligent Design?

A

Things look designed because they are designed

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41
Q

What is the side of the debate about Darwinism?

A

Things look designed but they are not designed

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42
Q

What does Biological Evolution explain?

A

It explains how you get from simple pre-existing forms of life to more complex forms of life

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43
Q

What does Chemical Evolution explain?

A

It explains how you get the first cell

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44
Q

In Darwin’s day,what did scientists think about the makeup of a cell?

A

They thought that cells were made up of protoplasm (a jello-like goo)

45
Q

What is the function of DNA within the cell?

A

It contains information (digital code)that directs the making of proteins

46
Q

Give an example of something that is sequence specific

A

Letters in a word

47
Q

In human experience,what is the only source of specified,functional information

A

Proteins

48
Q

To what does Bill Gates compare DNA?

A

A software program

49
Q

All of life is made up of proteins-what are the odds that a single functional protein could come together by chance?

A

One chance in 10 to the 164th power

50
Q

About how many proteins does it take to make up the simplest single-cell organism?

A

About 250

51
Q

Why are serious scientists no longer thinking that life beg a by chance?

A

Because it takes 250 proteins to form a minimally complex single cell organism

52
Q

What is the problem with the Prebiotic Natural Selction Hypothesis?

A

It’s not alive yet.Natural selection depends on reproduction:it presupposes organisms that can copy themselves

53
Q

What is the problem with the Self-Organization Hypothesis?

A

Natural forces of attraction do not explain the information produced

54
Q

If something has the appearance of design,what do we naturally conclude?

A

It really is designed

55
Q

What 20th century discovery has made these scientists unable to explain the origin of life?

A

They cannot explain the origin of the information of DNA

56
Q

If you’re trying to explain an event in the remote past,you must invoke a “cause”known to produce the effect in question.In our experience,what “cause” produces information?

A

Intelligence

57
Q

Why is the intelligent design hypothesis not a option for many scientists?

A

They refuse to include Intelligent design as part of science

58
Q

What should be the most important rule of science?

A

Follow the evidence wherever it leads-to the truth

59
Q

Based on facts rather than feelings or opinions

A

Objective

60
Q

Based on feelings or opinions rather than facts

A

Subjective

61
Q

Moral sentiments evolved to promote human survival and reproductive success

A

Evolutionary Ethics

62
Q

Discovered DNA structure

A

Watson and Crick

63
Q

Only materialistic theories allowed

A

Methodological Naturalism

64
Q

Evidence in the fossil record of the sudden appearance of major forms in life

A

Cambrian Explosion

65
Q

Beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior

A

Morality

66
Q

Morality stems from God’s character and how He designed human beings to function best

A

Virtue Ethics

67
Q

No objective standard of morality;only personal preferences

A

Relativism

68
Q

What evidence do we now have in the fossil record that disproves Darwin’s idea of a gradual morphing of life forms over time?

A

The sudden appearance of all the major new “body plans”…to form new types of animals

69
Q

What are 3 key conditions for an objective morality?

A
  1. Objective Standard
  2. Human Free Will
  3. Intrinsic Value of Humans
70
Q

Describe “Theistic Virtue Ethics.”

A

God’s moral injunctions are a reflection not only of His character,but also reflect how He designed humans and by obeying Him we will function the way He intended

71
Q

What does the Materialist believe about morality-about what is right and wrong?

A

Ethics are purely relative;they are merely personal preferences

72
Q

What do materialists think of the idea of human free will?Explain.

A

There is no personal choice.We are totally decided by genes,environment,and our evolutionary history.

73
Q

To the materialist,what is just as valuable as human life?

A

Animal’s lives

74
Q

Describe the philosophy of moral relativism

A

It’s all a matter of personal preference;it’s merely opinion

75
Q

What is the problem with relativism?

A

It implies that there are no real ethical disagreements-only differences in taste

76
Q

What are some things you can’t do if you are a moral relativist?

A

Can’t accuse others of wrong-doing,can’t complain about being mistreated,can’t blame others or accept moral praise,and can’t make charges of unfairness and justice

77
Q

In spite of what they may say,explain how the actions of all people reveal that they truly do believe in moral standards.

A

If somebody dropped their wallet and a relativist picked it up it wouldn’t be wrong but if the relativist dropped their wallet they’d want somebody to return to them

78
Q

Describe evolutionary ethics.What is the problem with this idea?

A

They are moral rules developed from moral sentiments or moral emotions;the problem is it destroys any reason to obey moral norms when ones own interests contradicts that of the group or society

79
Q

What is the only logical explanation for the existence of an objective moral code?

A

On,y the presupposition of the existence of God allows people to live consistently with their belief

80
Q

Researching the author/source and purpose of biblical texts

A

Higher Criticism

81
Q

Many authors wrote the first 5 books of the Bible

A

Documentary Hypothesis

82
Q

An act of God;something not explainable by natural laws

A

Miracle

83
Q

The period of Israel’s history dominated by Abraham,Isaac,Jacob,and Joseph

A

Patriarchal

84
Q

When a story’s details help pinpoint its actual historical setting

A

Situates

85
Q

When something doesn’t seem to belong to the time period it has been assigned to

A

Anachronism

86
Q

Biblical narratives have no historical basis

A

Biblical Nihilism

87
Q

Biblical narratives,though loosely based on real people or events,are mostly fiction

A

Biblical Minimalism

88
Q

A conclusion based on the lack of contrary evidence

A

Argument from Silence

89
Q

Detailed match between the Biblical and archaeological records

A

Specificity

90
Q

Egypt’s Nile Delta area where the Israelites settled after Joseph’s time

A

Goshen

91
Q

Nomadic,marauding tribes in the Middle East-possibly referring to the Hebrew people

A

Habiru

92
Q

The promised land of the Israelites

A

Canaan

93
Q

Archaeologist who claimed that Jericho was destroyee much earlier than the Bible says

A

Kenyon

94
Q

Large dung beetle regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt

A

Scarab

95
Q

Type of pottery imported form Cyprus and used by the wealthy in the 15th century BC

A

Cypriot

96
Q

What are the 3 tests used to determine the reliability of a historical document? What do they attempt to answer?

A

The Bibliographical Test:Is the text we now have the same as what was originally written?
The Internal Evidence Test:Is the original written record credible?
The External Evidence Test:Is the content of the document supported by other sources?

97
Q

Something you assume to be true

A

Presupposition

98
Q

What motivation did the Jews have for accurately copying Scriptures?

A
  1. It was the Word of God
  2. God had entrusted them with its presentation and transmission
  3. They had been commanded by God not to change it.
99
Q

What 20th century discovery proved that the OT had been accurately copied over the last 2000 years?

A

Dead Sea Scrolls

100
Q

What 2 archaeological discoveries situate Jericho’s fall around the biblical date of 1400 BC

A
  1. Lots of Late Bronze Age imported Cypriot pottery

2. Egyptian scarab seals of Hatshepsut,Thutmose III,and Amenhotep III found in a Jericho cemetery

101
Q

Describe the archaeological evidence we have for the Israelites 40 years of wilderness wandering

A

Egyptian Temple Inscription-It places these nomads in Moab and Edom

102
Q

What archaeological evidence has been found which supports the Biblical account of the destruction of Jericho?

A
  1. Walls of Jericho were impressively fortified
  2. Houses of mud brick built into the walls
  3. walls fell outward,unlike what normally happens in a siege
  4. Attack occurred after spring harvest
103
Q

Describe 2 archaeological discoveries that provide evidence for the presence of Israel in Canaan

A

Amarna Letters-14 Century BCdocument referring to raids and conquests of several Canaanite cities by the Habiru
Merenptah Stele-records an attack on areas in Canaan by Pharoah

104
Q

What and where is Tel el-Dab’a?

A

Archaeological dig in ancient Goshen

105
Q

In light of their worldview,who do materialists view the Bible,and why?

A

They view the Bible as one big storybook,because there is things that usually dont happen in real life

106
Q

If the 1st big question is where did it all come from,what is big question #2?

A

Is the Bible reliable? Who is God?

107
Q

Explain Wellhausen’s theory of the evolutionary origin of religion.

A

The idea of religion evolved from pantheism to polytheism to monotheism

108
Q

Summarize Wellahausen’s Documentary Hypothesis and his reasons for it

A

Claimed that the Torah was written by multiple authors,written over hundreds of years,and written over 1,000 years after the events described.His reasons were lack of external evidence,use of different names for God,and recording of miracles

Bible 8 (14 decks)

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