Finals Flashcards
Tutankhamen (King Tut)
He is mostly known for his tomb being discovered in 1922. He was the 12th leader of Egypt & died at a very young age (nineteen/19) after serving 10 years as a King. Different kinds of items were preserved inside his coffins (precious rings and bracelets).
Hatshepsut
She was the longest reigning female pharaoh in Egypt (more than 20 years) She became queen due to her husbands death. She helped Egypt prosper and put in a lot of effort to restore Egyptian art works.
Ramses II
He was also known as Ramses the Great was the third pharaoh of the nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Often regarded as the greatest most celebrated and most powerful pharaoh the Egyptian Empire.
Draco/Draconian Law
Draco - A Greek nobleman, who developed a set of legal codes based on equality of the citizens.
Draconian law - A set of strict laws made my Draco.
Emperor Trajan
One of the “good emperor”.
The Roman emperor that expanded Rome until it’s peak (reached its greatest extent under the rules of Trajan).
First Triumvirate
Consisted out of three people: Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey.
Crassus is a least charismatic one and quickly looses power. Then, Pompey does when Julius Caesar ignored his and the senates orders to disband his army and come back to Rome. Julius Caesar becomes dictator for life.
Colossus of Rhodes
A bronze statue that stood more than 100 feet high in the island of Rhodes.
Lighthouse of Alexandria
They used this lighthouse to advance astronomy by watching
the stars.
Church of Latter-day Saints
It was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith & now has about 15 million members today. It’s headquarters are at Salt Lake City, Utah, and is one of the fastest growing religions in the world today. Believers are called mormons. For example, they believe that Jesus was born in the US.
Fertile Crescent
The fertile crescent is a piece of land that is shaped in a curved shape and has a lot of richness.
Hammurabi’s Code
One of the most prominent leaders of Babylonia, Hammurabi created a set of codes of laws. There were a total of 282 laws engraved on stone and made public.
Xerxes I
The Persian King.
- Fourth king of the Achaemenid Empire
- Ruled from 486BC until he was assassinated by his bodyguard
Atomism
It started with Leusippus and Democritus. This is the belief that everything happens occurring to natural laws and that there is no purpose in the universe.
Protagoras
A greek philosopher that questioned the existence of the traditional Greek Gods. Famously quoted, “Man is the measure of all things.”
Hieroglyphics
They were pictures that represented ideas what the Egyptians used.
Indus Valley Civilization
It doesn’t have records and they are equal because of the size of their houses. #1. Earliest Indian civilizations to build their land in Indus and used the natural source #2. Ganges & Indus river provided water , Mountain Everest #3. Started around 7,000 BC , used river for irrigation #4. Planned city (Harappa) #5. No clear reason why fell —> Decline in trade with Egypt #6. Hinduism spread #7. No social class, 400 letter writing systems, animals major role #8. Seasonal wind Monsoons, unpredictable flood, drought & extreme flood
Anthropologists
They study the culture of ancient people.
Archeologists
A person who studies human history by digging up human remains and artifacts.
Paleontologists
They were scientists who studies fossils & analyze species interactions and reason for extinct.
ex) Mary Leaky & food prints (Earliest people in Africa in 1978)
ex) Lucy (1974, Donald Johnson discovered first female hominid , Archeologists thought she existed in early 3.5 million years ago)
Parthenon
It was a Greek temple built to honor Athena, who’s the goddess of wisdom and protector of the city of Athens. Within the building, there was a great statue of Athena.
Zeus
The king of the Greek gods. God of sky and thunder, who lives in Mount Olympus with Hera.
Aristotle
He was one of Plato’s brightest students. He opened his own school in Athens called Lyceum and said, “He who studies how things originate…will achieve the clearest view of them”
Dorians
They are possible relatives of the Bronze Age Greeks. They were less developed than Mycenaeans, so they left no written records behind.
Siddhartha Gautama
The founder of Buddhism. He was born in the wealthy family and when he snuck out (age 29), after seeing all the sadness in the world, he tries to achieve enlightenment. He later does and is known as Buddha which means “the enlightened one”.
Abraham
He creates a covenant with god that if he left his house, god would provide him with a nation. He was the first person to teach monotheism to the people. To prove his faith in god, Abraham was asked to sacrifice his son Isaac and when he attempted to do so, god said that his son would be spared.
Nineveh
The capital of Assyria established by King Sennacherib. It was the largest city of it’s day and had the world’s largest library which contained 20,000 clay tablets.
Sennacherib
He was an Assyrian King.
- Very brutal , Brag about the cities he destroyed
- Conquered 89 cities, 820 villages
- Art & amp; Architecture reached peak
- Assassinated by oldest son
Cyrus the Great
He was a Persian King.
- Military genius who conquered a lot of lands
- Controlled 2,000 miles
- Expert in controlling empires (tolerate the cultures and customs)
- Less likely to revolt
Satrap
They were people who’re from the Persian Empire that collected tributes, administered justice, raised taxes for the army & led the army in their provinces.
Chess
It is a game that started in India and was later adopted by the Persian Empire.
The powerful one - Queen
The LEAST powerful one - King & pawns
Zoroaster (religion)
A founder of the Zoroastrianism.
He believes that earth is a battleground of good vs evil.
He teaches the belief in one god, Ahura Mazda, who will judge everyone at the end of time. Followers are called Parsis.
Scientology
“Scientology” started in 1954 by science fiction writer L.Ron Hubbard. It is now recognized as an official religion in the US, but considered as a dangerous cult in most of Western Europe. It has a lot of cult like aspects because it requires an expensive fee and if someone leaves the church, the current members couldn’t talk to them anymore.
Rastafarianism
A religion started in the 1930s in Jamaica by Marcus Garvey. They believed in the bible with a mix of old African tales. They believed the Ethiopia was the promised land. They were also vegetarians and believed that nature was a important part to their spirituality and smokes marijuana.
King Nebuchadnezzar
The Chaldeans made Babylon their capital. A Chaldean King named Nebuchadnezzar restored the city with hanging gardens. These gardens were so beautiful, Greek scholars later listed them as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Persepolis
The Persian empire moved it’s capital from Susa to Persepolis. (*Meaning “city of Persians”)
- It was burned down by Alexander the Great. He sent his army to Persepolis in the year 330 BC by the “Royal Road”
