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Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Indirectly observable

A

Abstract concepts

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2
Q

Observable w/ use of senses

A

Concrete concepts

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3
Q

Holds as truth

A

Assumptions

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4
Q

Called principles; are theoretical statements that specify the proposed relationships of the concepts of a theory.

A

Propositions

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5
Q

Improves nursing practice

A

Nursing Theory

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6
Q

Various descriptions; convey meaning and reduce vagueness

A

Definitions

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7
Q

Most abstract level of knowledge; four major nursing concepts

A

Metaparadigm

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8
Q

Second knowledge structure level

A

Philosophy

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9
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Environmental Theory

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10
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Closely related to the presence of pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light

A

Health of Houses

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11
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Noxious air affect the client’s health; temperature should not be too warm/too cold

A

Ventilation and Warmth

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12
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Take the patient outside for direct sunlight; keep the rooms well lighted

A

Light

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13
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Sudden noise, thoughtless chatter, and whispering in a patient’s room should be avoided

A

Noise

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14
Q

Nightingale Canons:
Dirty environ. is a source of infection; removal of dust should be don w/ the use of damp cloth; beddings should be chaned and aired frequently; a clean room is a healthy room

A

Cleanliness of Rooms, Walls, and Beddings

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15
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Unwashed skin poisoned the patient; this concept is also extended to nurses

A

Personal Cleanliness

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16
Q

Nightingale Canons:
Is vital to patient’s recovery; beautiful objects, brilliant colors, cut flowers, reading, needle work, writing, and pets alleviate suffering

A

Variety

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17
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Provision of diff. variety of food indicated for patient’s condition is vital for the patient’s early recovery

A

Nutrition and Taking Food

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18
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Giving falls hope is disturbing to the patient because this causes them to worry and become fatigued

A

Chattering Hopes and Advices

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19
Q

Nightingale Canons:

Te patient’s environ. should be well-managed to protect the patient from physical & psychological harm

A

Petty Management

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20
Q

Nightingale Canons:

There should be precise, specific and individualized questions and observations to provide appropriate actions

A

Observation of the Sick

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21
Q

Patricia Benner

A

From Novice to Expert

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22
Q

The person has no background experiences of the situation in which he/she is involved. Level in which nirsing students belong.

A

Novice

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23
Q

The person has sufficient experience to easily understand aspects of the situation. He can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance; guided by rules and oriented by task completion. Newly graduated nurses

A

Advanced Beginner

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24
Q

Nurse demonstrates conscious and deliberate planning. Considers consistency, predictability, and time management as essentials. Most essential in clinical learning cuz the learner must know how to recognize patterns

A

Competent

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25
Q

Perceives the situation as a whole. They no longer rely on the preset goals of the organization. Has ability to turn the focus away from self and toward the patient.

A

Proficient

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26
Q

No longer relies on analytical principle to connect his/her understanding of the situation.

A

Expert

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27
Q

Ernestine Wiedenbach

A

The Prescriptive Theory

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28
Q

Quality of nursing care; known as commitment. Which the nurse wants to accomplish; the overall goal toward which she is striving. Based on the individual nurse’s philosophy

A

Central Purpose

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29
Q

Based on central purpose; directive for activity that specifies both the nature of the action and the necessary thought process. May be voluntary or involuntary.

A

Prescription

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30
Q

Consist of all factors physical, physiological, psychological, emotional, and spiritual that are at play in a situation

A

Realities of the Situation

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31
Q

The 5 realities:

Refers to the nurse; propelling force that moves the actions

A

The Agent

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32
Q

The 5 realities:
The reipient of nursing actions; vulnerable, dependent on others, and risks losing individuality, dignity, worth, and autonomy

A

The Recipient

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33
Q

The 5 realities:

The desired outcome

A

The Goal

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34
Q

The 5 realities:

The way on how the agent meets the goal

A

The Means

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35
Q

The 5 realities:
Influenced the reality; consists of the human, environ., and organizational facilities that affect the nurse’s ability to obtain her goal.

A

The Framework

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36
Q

Faye Glenn Abdellah

A

Twenty-One Nursing Problems

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37
Q

Problem-Solving process

A
  1. Identify the problem
  2. Selecting the relevant data
  3. Formulating the hypothesis
  4. Testing the hypothesis through collection of data
  5. Revising hypothesis when necessary on thr basis of conclusion obtained from the data
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38
Q

21 Nursing Problem:

Basic to All Patients

A
  1. To maintain good hygiene & physical comfort
  2. Promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep
  3. Promote safety through prevention of accidents, injury or other trauma
  4. Maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity
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39
Q

21 Nursing Problem:

Sustental Care Needs

A
  1. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells
  2. Facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells
  3. Facilitate the maintenance of elimination
  4. Facilitate the maintenance of fluid & electrolyte balance
  5. Recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions
  6. Facilitate the maintenance of the regulatory mechanism and functions
  7. Facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions
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40
Q

21 Nursing Problem:
Remedial Care Needs
(Refers to emotional response or reaction)

A
  1. Identify and accept positive abd negative expressions, feelings and reactions
  2. Identify & accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness
  3. Facilitate maintenance of effective verbal & non verbal communications
  4. Promote the develop. of productive interpersonal relationships
  5. Facilitate progress toward achievement and persobal spiritual goals
  6. Create or maintan a therapeutic environ.
  7. Facilitate awareness of self as an individual w/ varying physical, emotional, & develop. needs
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41
Q

21 Nursing Problem:
Restorative Care Needs
(All interventions & problem reflected to recovery of patient)

A
  1. Accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical & emotional
  2. Use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness
  3. Understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness
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42
Q

Virginia Henderson

A

Fourteen Fundamental Human Needs

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43
Q

14 Fundamental Human Needs:

1-9 physiological

A
  1. Breathe normally
  2. Eat & drink adequately
  3. Eliminate body waste
  4. Move and maintain desirable posture
  5. Sleep and rest
  6. Select suitable clothes
  7. Maintain normal body temp.
  8. Keep body clean and well groomed
  9. Avoid dangers in the environment & avoid injuring others
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44
Q

14 Fundamental Human Needs:

10 & 14 Psychological

A
  1. Communicate w/ others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinons
  2. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal develop. and health
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45
Q

14 Fundamental Human Needs:

11 Spiritual and Moral

A
  1. Worship according to one’s faith
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46
Q

14 Fundamental Human Needs:

12 & 13 Occupation and Recreation

A
  1. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
  2. Play and participate in various forms of recreation
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47
Q

Basis to determine appropriate care needed to alleviate the illness or injury

A

Biophysiological Concept

48
Q

Learned from the family and other social groups

A

Concept of Culture

49
Q

Ability to react and understand the patient’s thoughts, feelings, and responses

A

Interaction-Communication

50
Q

Lydia Hall

A

Care, Core, Cure

51
Q

Nurturing component; concerned w/ bodily care. Nurse’s goal is the comfort of the patient; create a therapeutic relationship

A

Care: The Body

52
Q

(Psychological; mental needs of the patient)
Therapeutic use of self. Developing an interpersonal relationshipbw/ the patient. Use of reflectice technique (acting as a mirror for the patient)

A

Core: The Person

53
Q

Based in the pathological and therapeutic sciences; assists the doctors by doing medical tasks or functions

A

Cure: The Disease

54
Q

Myra Estern Levine

A

Conservation Principles

55
Q

Process whereby the patient maintains integrity within the realities of the environment; result of interaction between the person and his internal & external environment

A

Adaptation

56
Q

Based pn past experiences and genetic pattern

A

Historicity

57
Q

Responses in relation to a particular challenge

A

Specificity

58
Q

Options available to the individual to ensure continued adaptation

A

Redundancy

59
Q

Product of adaptation; describes the way complex systems are able to continue to function even when severely challenged

A

Conservation

60
Q

Four Conservation Principle:

Requires a balance of energy and a constant renewal of energy to maintain life activities

A

Conservation of Energy

61
Q

Four Conservation Principle:

Healing process; maintaining or restoring the structure of the body

A

Conservation of Structural Integrity

62
Q

Four Conservation Principle:

Recognition of the wholeness of each person

A

Conservation of Personal Integrity

63
Q

Four Conservation Principle:
Gains meaning through social communities and health. Nurses fulfill professional roles & use interpersonal relationships to conserve social integrity

A

Conservation of Social Integrity

64
Q

Mutually between diversified functions and parts within an entirety. Exists when the interaction or constant adaptations to the environ. permit ease

A

Wholeness (Hollism)

65
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

A

The Nursing Process

66
Q

Deliberately achieves the purpose of helping the patient. (Only considered professional if you meet the needs of the patients)

A

Professional Function of Nursing

67
Q

Observable verbal or nonverbal behavior of the patient.

A

Behavior of the Patient

68
Q

Encompasses the patient’s use of language

A

Verbal Behavior

69
Q

Includes physiological manifestations, motor activity, and vocal tone

A

Nonverbal Behavior

70
Q

Beginning of the nursing process. Includes the nurse’s perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. Occur automatically & almost simultaneously.

A

Inmediate reaction of the nurse

71
Q

3 sequential parts of reaction:

A
  1. Nurse perceives the behavior through senses
  2. Perception leads to automatic thought
  3. Thought produces an automatic feeling
72
Q

Identifying the needs of the patient, response of the nurse, and nursing action

A

Nursing Process

73
Q

Nursing action can be carried out in 2 ways:

A
  1. Automatic- primarily concerned w/ carrying out doctor’s orders
  2. Deliberative- ascertain and meet the needs of fhe patient
74
Q

Self-Care Deficit Theory

A

Dorothea Orem

75
Q

Acquired ability of mature and maturing persons. It is the human ability to engage in self-care: defined as the practice of activities that individuals personally initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being

A

Self-Care Agency

76
Q

3 dimensions in self-care agency

A
  1. Development & Operability: consistently & effectively perform to maintain life processes
  2. Adequacy: operations in which persons can engage and the operations required to meet a self-care demand
  3. Self-care requisites: reason for which self-care is undertaken; they express the intended or desired results
77
Q

3 types of self-care requisites:

A
  1. Universal self-care requisites: maintain the integrity of human structures and functioning and are associated w/ life processes
  2. Developmental self-care requisites: promotes life and maturation; deleterious to maturation; growth and developmental processes(occur durin develop. stage
  3. Health Deviation self-care requisites: care needed by individual who are ill or injured; correct illness or injury
78
Q

Summation of care measures necessary to meet all of an individual’s known self-care requisites. Can be affected by factors known as basic conditioning factors

A

Therapeutic self-care Demand

79
Q

Inability of an individual to carry out all necessary self-care activities. It is on this human-human interaction that a caring moment or caring occasion occurs

A

Self-care Deficit

80
Q

Plan of care developed by the nurse to meet the person’s self-care deficit

A

Nursing System

81
Q

3 systems in nursing system:

Situation in which the patient has no active role in the performance of self-care activities

A

Wholly Compensatory

82
Q

3 systems in nursing system:

Situation in which both nurse and patient perform care measures

A

Partially Compensatory

83
Q

Situation in which the patient is able to and should learn to perform required therapeutic self-care measures but needs assistance

A

Supportive-Educative

84
Q

Behavioral System Model

A

Dorothy Johnson

85
Q

The system is flexible to accommodate the influences affecting it and to achieve abilityv& balance for effective functioning

A

Behavioral System

86
Q

A mini system w/ its own particular goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship to the other subsystems/wnviron. is not disturbed

87
Q

Johnson’s Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
Also known as attachment susbsystem; first response system. Attachment to a significant other; gives the person a sense of security

A

Affiliative Subsystem

88
Q

Johnson’s Seven Behavioral Subsystems:

Precipitate nurturing behavior from other individuals

A

Dependency Subsystem

89
Q

Johnson’s Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
Relates to the behaviors surrounding the intake of food. Emphasizes the condition such as social events, culture, and health practices that affect it.

A

Ingestive Subsystem

90
Q

Johnson’s Seven Behavioral Subsystems:

Behaviors surrounding the excretion of waste products from the body

A

Elliminative Subsystem

91
Q

Related to procreation. Development of gender role identity and behaviors

A

Sexual Subsystem

92
Q

Concerned w/ protection and self-preservation; defensive responses

A

Aggressive Subsystem

93
Q

Johnson’s Seven Behavioral Subsystems:

Provokes behaviors that attempt to control the environment, and achieve mastery.

A

Achievement Subsystem

94
Q

Sience of Unitary Human Being

A

Martha Rogers

95
Q

Fundamental unit of the living and the non-living; infinite & dynamic, meaning, it is continuously moving and flowing

A

Energy Field

96
Q

Also known as unitary human being; this field is identified by pattern and characteristics that are specific to the whole. Cannot be predicted from knowledge of the parts

A

Human Field

97
Q

This field is identified by pattern and integral w/ the human field

A

Environmental Field

98
Q

Allow for an interchange of energy and matter between the fields, the preferred terminology being that there is a “continuous process”

A

Open System (Openness)

99
Q

Rogers described the energy field as “pandimensional”; a non-linear domain w/o spatial or temporal attributes, it is limitless

A

Pandimentionality

100
Q

Distinguishing or identifying characteristic of an energy field; has unique identifiable pattern revealed through human manifestations. Patterns continue to change and may manifest disease, illness, feelings, or pain.

101
Q

Adaptation Model

A

Sister Callista Roy

102
Q

Process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in grps, use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration; combining of stimuli that represents the condition of the life processes

A

Adaptation

103
Q

Present when the adaptation level is working as a whole

A

Integrated Processes

104
Q

Occur when the human’s response system have been activated

A

Compensatory Processes

105
Q

Occur when compensatory and integral processes are not providing adaptation

A

Compromised Processes

106
Q

Stimuli:
Internal or external stimulus that is immediately in the awareness of the individual which immediately confront the individual

107
Q

Stimuli:

All other stimuli present in the situation that contribute to the effect of the focal stimulus

A

Contextual

108
Q

Stimuli:

Within or outside human systems; effects of which are unclear in the situation

109
Q

Output of the human system and takes form of either an adaptive responses or ineffective responses. Responses act as a “feedback”

A

Behavior (output)

110
Q

Promote the integrity of the human system. Is able to meet the goals in terms of survival, growth, reproduction, mastery, and transformations

A

Adaptive Responses

111
Q

Do not support the goal of humans; can immediately or gradually threaten the system’s survival, growth, reproduction, mastery, or transformation

A

Ineffective Responses

112
Q

Includes both innate and acquired coping mechanisms

A

Coping Process

113
Q

Genetically determined or common to species; automatic process

A

Innate Coping

114
Q

Learned or deceloped through customary responses

A

Acquired Coping

115
Q

Coping processes promote adaptation in human adaptive system; not directly observable

A

Adaptive Modes

116
Q

Organized system of accepted knowledge that is composed, compositions and assumptions to explain a set of fact, event or phenomena

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