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FINALS Flashcards

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1
Q

Igneous rock formation

A

Cooling and hardening of molten magma

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2
Q

Mafic

A

Rock mostly made of dense dark minerals

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3
Q

Felsic

A

Type of igneous rock made of light minerals, silica rich, less dense, light colored

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4
Q

Ultra mafic

A

Rock that contains over 90% mafic minerals, really dark, really dense

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5
Q

8 most abundant elements

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Silicon
  3. Aluminum
  4. Iron
  5. Calcium
  6. sodium
  7. Magnesium
  8. Potassium
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6
Q

Aphanitic

A

Grains are too small to see with eyes

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7
Q

Porphyritic

A

Mix of fine and course grained

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8
Q

Phantritic

A

Visible to the eye(course grained)

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9
Q

Intrusive

A

Solidification of magma within the crust( fine grained to coarse grained) cools slowly

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10
Q

Extrusive

A

Magma extruded on to the surface as lava flows(glassy to fine grained) cools faster

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11
Q

Crystalline

A

Interlocking fabric of minerals

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12
Q

Pyro clastic

A

Fragments of rocks, crystals or glass

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13
Q

Sediments

A

Fragments of ore existing rocks/minerals

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14
Q

Clastic

A

Made of sediments

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15
Q

Non-clastic

A

Chemical/ organic

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16
Q

Chemical

A

Form from hardening of chemical brecipitates

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17
Q

Organic

A

Formed from organic materials

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18
Q

Regular bedding

A

Sediment being deposited

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19
Q

Graded bedding

A

Largest sediments will be at the bottom, smaller on the top

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20
Q

Cross bedding

A

Sediments are deposited at an angle

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21
Q

Evaporates

A

Sediments formed by evaporation

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22
Q

Precipitates

A

Cause a substance to be deposited in solid form from a solution

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23
Q

Foliated

A

Occurs from pressure in one direction causing layers

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24
Q

Non-foliated

A

Pressure from multiple directions so layers do not form

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25
Q

Regional

A

Large amounts of pressure

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26
Q

Contact

A

Melting/heat

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27
Q

What kind of Rock can be a metamorphic Rock?

A

Any Rock can be morphed into a metamorphic rock

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28
Q

Why is the Rock cycle a cycle?

A

It’s a cycle because it is never ending

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29
Q

Theory of plate tectonics

A

They were once together as a super continent then separated because of plate movement

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30
Q

What causes plate movement?

A

Convection in the mantle

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31
Q

Continental drift theory

A 
Alfred wegener 
Continents seem to fit together 
Fossils
Mountains and rocks line up
Climates
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32
Q

Divergent

A

Plates the move apart creating rift valleys

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33
Q

Convergent

A

Plates that move together and collide

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34
Q

Transform

A

Two plates grind last each other

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35
Q

Fold

A

Pressure and stress cause upward plate movement

36
Q

Fault

A

Pressure and stress cause a break and shift in the plate

37
Q

Fracture

A

Pressure and stress cause plate breakage but no shift

38
Q

S waves

A

Body wave that shakes the ground back and forth

39
Q

Focus

A

Point inside the earth where the earthquake originates

40
Q

Epicenter

A

Point directly above the focus

41
Q

Richter scale

A

Measured by size of magnitude

42
Q

Mericali scale

A

Measured based on the intensity of the shaking

43
Q

Volcano formation

A

Form from convergent and divergent plate movements

44
Q

Active

A

A volcano that will erupt again

45
Q

Dormant

A

A “sleeping” volcano that might erupt again, hasn’t erupted in 10,000 years

46
Q

Extinct

A

A volcano that will not erupt again

47
Q

Shield

A

Turtle shell

Quiet eruptions

48
Q

Cinder

A

Explosive eruptions

49
Q

Composite

A

Quiet and explosive eruptions

50
Q

Half life

A

The amount of time it takes for half the atoms to decay

51
Q

What is half life used for

A

Used to date fossils

52
Q

Absolute dating

A

Determining the age in something based on a specific scale

53
Q

Relative dating

A

An estimate for age

54
Q

Law of super position

A

The younger layers of rocks are on the top and get older the farther down you go

55
Q

Body fossil

A

A remnant of an organism of a past geologic age

56
Q

Cast

A

A trace from a past organism

57
Q

Coprolite

A

Fossilized poop

58
Q

Fossil

A

The remains of impression of past organisms

59
Q

Iconology

A

The study of plant and animal traces

60
Q

Mineralization

A

Decomposition of the chemical compound in soil

61
Q

Trace fossil

A

Fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other traces of an animal rather then the animal itself

62
Q

Eons

A

Major division of geologic time sub divided into eras

63
Q

Eras

A

Major division of geologic time subdivided into periods

64
Q

Periods

A

Major division of geologic time subdivided into epochs

65
Q

Epochs

A

Reference point from which time is measured

66
Q

Earths age

A

4.6 billion years

67
Q

Relative Dating

A

Estimate

68
Q

Absolute dating

A

Exact

69
Q

Age of e dinosaurs

A

Mesozoic era

70
Q

We are in what Era

A

Cenozoic era

71
Q

What is the time scale used for?

A

Find out how old something is

72
Q

Layers of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere

73
Q

What layer do we live in?

A

Troposphere

74
Q

What layer is the ozone in?

A

Stratosphere

75
Q

Where do planes fly?

A

Stratosphere

76
Q

What causes weather to form in the troposphere

A

Convection

77
Q

Relative humidity

A

Amount of water vapor in the air

78
Q

Dew point

A

The temperature below which water droplets begin to condense and dew forms

79
Q

8 lunar phases

A
  1. New moon
  2. Waxing crescent
  3. First quarter
  4. Waxing gibbous
  5. Full
  6. Waning gibbous
  7. Third quarter
  8. Waning crescent
80
Q

How long is a full rotation?

A

23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds

81
Q

How long does it take earth to rotate around the Sun

A

365.25 days

82
Q

What causes tides?

A

The gravitational pull from the moon

83
Q

What causes seasons?

A

The angle of tilt of the earths axis ( 23.5 degrees)

84
Q

Why do we always see the same side of the moon?

A

Because earth and the moon rotate the same amount at the same time

85
Q

Rock

A

An inorganic solid forming from the earth, no definite chemical composition, made of minerals

Science (10 decks)

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