Finals Flashcards
Total Housing Units in the Philippines
2010 21.29M
2015 24.22M
2020 28.50M
- Two basic problems being faced by the
government in realizing a successful program:
o Money
o Availability of land
Other issues hampering pro-poor land and
housing programs:
o High transaction costs due to the
confusing and unclear land use
policies
o Non-cooperation of land owners to
engage in the Community Mortgage
Program (CMP)
o Misinterpretation and/ or nonimplementation of local government
units (LGUs)
o Other problems pertaining to housing
is the provision of land and housing to
internally displaced persons (IDPs)
due to natural hazards and armed
conflicts.
some of the main drivers
that contribute to the growing housing need.
Urban migration, rising number of informal
settlements, armed conflict, systemic inequity,
and climate change
Represents the Philippine action agenda for
housing
The National Shelter Program (NSP)
Flag ship program designed to assist the
homeless
The National Shelter Program (NSP)
A comprehensive strategy of the government to
assist homeless low- and middle-income
families in meeting their housing needs through
affordable housing opportunities.
The National Shelter Program (NSP)
Five major schemes categorized under two main
groups
a. Direct Housing
* Housing Production
* Community Programs
* Developmental Loans
b. Indirect Housing
* Home Mortgages
* Guarantees
Created by the government to adopt a highly
centralized system of managing the program in
1978
Ministry of Human Settlements (MHS)
Served as the umbrella organization of all
shelter agencies that had evolved since the
1950’s.
Ministry of Human Settlements (MHS)
the government to adopt a highly centralized system of managing the program in 1978
* Served as the umbrella organization of all shelter agencies that had evolved since the 1950’s.
* These agencies include the following:
National Housing Authority (NHA)
Human Settlements Development Corporation (HSDC)
National Housing Commission (NHC)
Human Settlements Regulatory Commission (HSRC)
National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC)
National Environmental Planning Council (NEPC)
Housing Finance Corporation (HFC)
National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC)
Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF)
in charge of social housing production
specifically upgrading of sites and services
National Housing Authority (NHA)
Toward the end of the 1980s, a rationalization of
the shelter agencies was undertaken. The
Ministry of Human Settlements was dissolved,
and in its place, ___ as organized
Housing and Urban
Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC)
Umbrella agency of various housing and
development offices of the Government of the
Republic of the Philippines.
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
(HUDCC)
Established by President Corazon Aquino
through Executive Order No. 90, Series of 1986
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
(HUDCC)
Under Section 3 of EO No. 90, HUDCC is
charged with the main function of coordinating
the activities of the government housing
agencies to ensure the accomplishment of the _________
National Shelter Program
Under PD 757 dated 31 July 1975
National Housing Authority (NHA)
Tasked to develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated housing program which shall embrace, among others, housing development and resettlement, sources and
schemes of financing, and delineation of government and private sector participation.
National Housing Authority (NHA)
Key Shelter Agencies
National Housing Authority (NHA)
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF, also known as
PAG-IBIG Fund)
Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC)
National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC)
Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC)
A national government agency tasked as the
planning, regulatory and quasi-judicial body for
land use development and real estate and
housing regulation
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
Created under R.A. 9679
Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF, also known as
PAG-IBIG Fund)
A government financial institution involved in
mobilizing provident funds primarily for shelter
finance.
Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF, also known as
PAG-IBIG Fund)
also known as
PAG-IBIG Fund
Home Development Mutual Fund
- To promote Home building and land ownership,
giving primarily preference to the homeless and
under privileged sectors of the society;
Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC)
To assist private developers to undertake
socialized, low and medium-cost mass housing
projects by encouraging private funds to finance
such housing projects through a viable system
of long-term mortgages, guaranties and other
incentives;
Home Guaranty Corporation (HGC)
Charted in 1979 as a secondary mortgage
market institution and recapitalized by EO 90 to
operate a viable home mortgage market utilizing
long-term funds principally provided by the
support agencies.
National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC)
In 2004, the ________, a wholly-owned subsidiary
of NHMFC, was established to develop and
administer social housing finance programs for
low-income formal and informal households;
Social Housing Finance
Corporation (SHFC)
shall be the lead
government agency to undertake social housing
programs that will cater to formal and informal
sectors in the low-income bracket and shall take
charge of developing and administering social
housing program schemes, particularly the CMP
and the AKPF Program (amortization support
program and developmental financing program)
Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC)
“An act to provide for a comprehensive and
continuing urban development and housing
program, establish the mechanism for its
implementation, and for other purposes.”
Republic Act No. 7279
Otherwise known as “Urban Development and
Housing Act of 1992.”
“An act authorizing the Ministry of Human
Settlements to establish and promulgate
different levels of standards and technical
requirements for economic and socialized
housing projects in urban and rural areas from
those provided under presidential decrees
numbered nine hundred fifty-seven, twelve
hundred sixteen, ten hundred ninety-six and
eleven hundred eighty-five”
Batas Pambansa Blg. 220
Regulating the sale of subdivision lots and
condominiums, providing penalties for violations
thereof.
`Presidential Decree No. 957
* “Subdivision and Condominium Buyer’s
Protective Decree” As Amended by PD 1216
”An act to define condominium, establish
requirements for its creation, and govern its
incidents.”
Republic Act No. 4726
Otherwise known as “The Condominium Act”
“An act to provide protection to buyer of real
estate on installment payments”
- Republic Act No. 6552
Otherwise known as “Realty Installment Buyer
Protection Act”
“An act establishing reforms in the regulation of
rent of certain residential units, providing the
mechanisms therefor and for other purposes.”
Republic Act No. 9563
Otherwise known as the “Rent Control Act of
2009”
“Proclaiming urban land reform in the
Philippines and providing for the implementing
machinery thereof”
- Presidential Decree No. 1517
Otherwise known as the “Urban Land Reform
Act”
A. Regulation, including Rent Control
Republic Act No. 7279
Batas Pambansa Blg. 220
Presidential Decree No. 957
Republic Act No. 4726
Republic Act No. 6552
Republic Act No. 9563
Presidential Decree No. 1517
– Administered Resettlement Program
NHA
The Program provides service lots with core
housing designed to match the affordability of
target market consisting mostly of low-salaried
government and private sector employees.
Core Housing Programs
Implemented directly by NHA, utilizing the
allocation for the Program under RA 7835 and
units are made available under lease
arrangement
Medium Rise Housing Program
Under the mortgage take out scheme are the following:
o DMF’s Expanded Housing Loan
Program
o NHMFC’S Unified Home Lending
Program (UHLP)
o SSS and GSIS housing programs
o Home Insurance and Guaranty
Corporation’s Retail Guaranty Program
The government provides private developers
financing for large-scale housing production
under the following:
o HIGC’s Development Guaranty
o Social Housing Development Loan
o SSS corporate housing program
o HDMF’s Group Land Acquisition
Development
The different physical characteristics of a
building according to the materials happened to
be available on that particular place with a particular climate, cultural aspects, social status,
etc.
Housing Typologies
Different Types of Housing
- Bungalow
- Single Detached
- Semi-Detached/ Duplex
- Terraced House/ Townhouse
- Apartment/ Condominium
- Penthouse
- Mansion
- Mobile Home
- Shophouse
- Stilt Houses
- Inuit Housing
- Tree House
- Dormitory
- Covenant/ Monastery
One-storey house, usually surrounded by a
veranda.
- Bungalow
- A free-standing residential building
- The building does not share an inside wall with
any other house.
- Single Detached
- Consist of pairs of house side by side as units.
- Share a party wall
- Semi-Detached/ Duplex
- A row of identical houses that are joined together
- Terraced House/ Townhouse
- A multi-unit dwelling made up of several
apartments/ flats/ condos within a building.
- Apartment/ Condominium
- A very expensive apartment on the top floor of
the building. - Occupies the entire floor
- Penthouse
A very large and stately dwelling house for the
wealthy.
- Mansion
- A large caravan, that can be installed on a
permanent site and that is used as residence. - Also called as manufactured home.
- Mobile Home
- Consist of shops on the ground floor which open
up to a public in a covered passage and has
residential accommodation upstairs. - Adjoin each other to form rows with regular
façade. - Vernacular style building type that is commonly
seen in areas such as urban Southeast Asia.
- Shophouse
- Raised on piles over the soil or a body of water
- Commonly found in South East Asia, Papua
New Guinea and West Africa
- Stilt Houses
Wooden structure built in the branches of a tree.
- Tree House
- Made from snow and ice.
- In the arctic, there are not many building
materials. No trees grow in the arctic so houses
can not be made from wood, instead the Inuit
used blocks of snow to make their homes. - In the summer, when the snow melts, the Inuit
lived in tent-like huts made of animal skins
stretched over a frame.
- Inuit Housing
A large building at a College or University where
students live.
- Dormitory
Set of buildings where the monks/ nun live
- Covenant/ Monastery
Comprehensive Approach to Housing
- Financing
- Homelessness
allow individuals to pool resources
and strengthen their ability to build and invest in
housing.
Cooperatives
Access to _____ one of the most critical
obstacles to acquiring housing
credit
When people cannot afford a house but have income with which to pay rent, ______can be useful tool to achieve home ownership
leasing/ lease
The free market can exclude low-income home
buyers and renters because of high prices.
* To correct this market failure, a government or
NGO may intervene in the housing market by
providing a grant to lower prices.
* This assistance can be made to the buyer,
renter, or seller.
f. Subsidies
- In itself (as typologies, as spatial and aesthetic
configurations, etc.) - In relation to other societal fields
- Internal theories
- Historic
- Texts which have been decisive for the
professional and theoretical debate throughout
history
Theory of Housing
Considered one of the first housing theories and
starts from the assumption that every human
has the right to quality housing irrespective of
economic status, i.e. that the economic
differences between the rich and the poor in
terms of household incomes should be least
visible
- Marxist Housing Theory
Defines housing in terms of three fundamental
dimensions (Soliman, 2004):
primarily rests on an “objective”
approach to evaluating certain phenomena but
in housing satisfaction studies, the “subjective”
component is also important, that is, the
perceptions and feelings of individuals.
The Positivists Housing Theory
Functionality as a social paradigm emerged in
American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s and
emphasizes social harmony and its
preservation.
Functionalist Housing Theory
Focuses on the harmony of parts within a
system, based on the principles of economy,
simplicity, townscape adaptation and
functionality.
Functionalist Housing Theory
was presented in
1955 in Rossi’s book “Why Families Move.”
Rossi developed the theory based on Reiner’s
idea of family home-based irregularities that
trigger the relocation of a family (household) and
also relied on the concept of a family life cycle
for different housing needs
- Housing Mobility Theory
The originators of this theory were G.C. Galster
and G.W. Hesser who developed one of the first
definitions of living satisfaction in order to
evaluate the judgement of an individual or
household regarding the extent to which their
youcurrent situation coincides with their ideal
living situation and future expectations.
Theory of Housing Satisfaction
This theory was introduced by S. Asch in 1964,
in a research that introduced an experimental
method for investigating the forming of
impressions.
The Theory of Impression Formation
The behavioral approach to housing research
was formed in the mid-1960s as a reaction and
criticism of the positivists’ approach.
Behavioral Housing Theory
- Authored by P. Brickman and D.T. Campbell,
found in their research in the early 1970s of the
20th century. - The promotion of this theory is based on the
happiness and well-being of the individual by the
subjective approach, while the key term is
“adaptation.
The Theory of the Hedonistic Ergometer
the most cited theory in housing satisfaction studies.
Numerous authors have also used it in works on
housing preferences, housing mobility and
decision-making of different age groups.
The Theory of Housing Adjustment
emerged in the 1980s
of the last century and begins with the
assumption that housing satisfaction increases
proportionally to cost growth (Stokols,
Shumaker, 1982) and their casualconsequential relationship (higher costs -
greater satisfaction with housing, lower costs -
less satisfaction with housing).
* This theory has both positive and negative
sides
The Housing Price Theory
This theory is relatively new, so there is not a lot
of research in which it was used.
* A special contribution to the theory was made by
A. Stutzer (2004), who explained it as an
“improvement, after which one aspires to
improve”.
. The Theory of the Aspiration Spiral
a method of urban
planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir
Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom.
The Garden City
A reform philosophy of North American
architecture and urban planning that flourished
during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of
introducing beautification and monumental
grandeur in cities.
. The City Beautiful Movement
Conceptualized by Le Corbusier in his book “the
Cities of Tomorrow”.
. The City of Towers
Proposed by Spanish Engineer Soria Y
Mata
The Linear City
Proposed by Edgar Chambless.
* Vehicular traffic will be along rooftops of a continuous network of buildings, while the streets will be for pedestrian use only.
Motopia
Proposed by the “metabolism group”; visionary
urban designers that proposed underwater
cities, “biological” cities, cities in pyramids, etc
Science Cities
A 63-acre area. mixed used development that
was built in response to the pressures of the automobile. An early type of Planned Urban development that had all amenities in one
compound with multi-level circulation patterns.
The Barbican City
by Clarence Perry and Clarence Stein, defined as the Physical Environment wherein social,
cultural, educational, and commercial are within easy reach of each other
* concerns self-sustainability of smaller unit
* the elementary school as the center of development determines the size of the
neighborhood.
The Neighborhood Model
. Three Classical Models of Urban Structure
- Concentric Zone Model
- Sector Model
- Multiple Nuclei Model
- Sometimes referred to as cluster zoning
- Used in areas that are being intensively
developed for the first time
j. Planned Unit Developments
average 670 meter distance of a transit stop and
commercial core area. TODs mix residential,
retail, office, open space, and public uses in a
walkable environment, making it convenient for
residents and employees to travel by transit,
bicycle, foot, or car.
Transit Oriented Developments
- Developments that take the form of traditional
neighborhoods, while still accommodating the
automobile and other modern amenities.
Traditional Neighborhoods
Psychological Perspective
- Environmental Stimuli
- Territoriality
- Privacy
- Environmental Stimuli
- Environmental Stimuli
a. Size and height of space
b. Color
c. Temperature
d. Noise
a pattern of behavior and attitudes held by an
individual or group that is based on perceived,
attempted or actual control of definable physical
space, object or idea and may involve habitual
occupation, defense, personalization, and
marking of it.
- Territoriality
The____ of housing is the
influences that changed us to what we are today
cultural perspective
relate to personal rights and freedoms
Social issues
relate to “the production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services”, in particular property
and income.
Economic issues
(personal rights)
Everyone deserves to have a house.
And each house should be in good quality.
They need to have job.
They have the right to have their comfort.
Social issues
(production, distribution, and consumption of goods)
Lack of housing units
Substandard housing units.
They didn’t reach the needs of the occupants.
Economic issues
a factor of production, essential to the provision of urban housing and infrastructural services and the production of agricultural goods.
Land
one of the major problem in home ownership.
Land
Logistical challenges and the deficiency of skilled worker are one of the several factors responsible for high house prices
Labor
can be provided through self-help and community participation approaches to house construction.
Labor
one of the factors responsible for high housing pricing trends.
Bldg Mats
Housing Delivery
Land
Labor
Housing Finance
Building Materials
Challenges for Effective Housing Delivery System
Affordability
Accessibility
Sustainability
Challenges regarding economic sustainability also relate to ____
For instance, the pro-poor affordable housing estates are usually of low standard and often the design does not give consideration to socio-cultural lifestyle of the low income group.
Affordability
The poor, are therefore, excluded from accessing vital infrastructure and services due to their geographical position on the city periphery.
Accessibilitty
Barriers to Effective Housing Delivery System
Local Barriers
Local zoning barriers
Local regulatory barriers
Local infrastructure limitations
Local opposition/ “NIMBY”
Financing Barriers
Alignment and clarity of funding priorities
Access to predevelopment and risk capital
Need for rental subsidies
the primary system by which municipalities maintain control and discretion over the pattern of land development within their borders.
Zoning
Regulations that affect housing prices occur in several categories, including building codes, environmental stipulations, impact fees, and administrative processes.
Local regulatory barriers
a view process in analyzing carefully the situation in socialized housing developments to further understand the improvements and problems in housing programs.
Market Analysis for Housing Programs
shall be the primary strategy in providing shelter for the underprivileged and homeless.
Socialized Housing
To the extent feasible, socialized housing and resettlement projects shall be located near areas where employment opportunities are accessible.
Livelihood Component
provide data and information for forward-planning by the local government units in their areas,
National Economic and Development Authority and the National Statistics Office
shall administer the Community Mortgage Program under RA 7279 also known as the Urban Development and housing Act of 1992 and promulgate rules and regulations necessary to carry out the provisions of RA 7279.
National Housing Mortgage Finance Corporation
hall design an appropriate guarantee scheme to encourage financial institutions to go into direct lending for housing.
HIGC- Home Insurance Guaranty Corporation
