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!) Republic and Revolution (Finals) > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Commons passes the Declaration of Dislike

A

30 March 1647

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2
Q

Council of War at Bury St Edmunds, resolves on a Newmarket rendezvous

A

29 May 1647

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3
Q

Joyce meets with Cromwell at the latters house in London

A

31 May 1647

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4
Q

Cornet Joyce arrives at Holdenby, his 500 cavalry arriving later in the evening

A

2 June 1647

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5
Q

Joyce secures Holdenby Hall, writes to Cromwell, informs Charles of intention to move in the morning

A

3 June 1647

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6
Q

Joyce departs with Charles, overnight rest at Huntingdon, writes a letter

A

4 June 1647

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7
Q

Joyce is ordered to remain west of Cambridge, Charles is confined at Childerly Hall

A

5 June 1647

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8
Q

Officers of the New Model Army meet Charles

A

7 June 1647

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9
Q

Cornet Joyce’s First Letter (3 June)

A
  • Firth believes sent to Cromwell (Woolrych agrees)
  • very concerned tone, worried about Richard Graves
  • ‘wee have secured the King. Graves is runne away’
  • ‘lett us knowe what wee shall doe’
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10
Q

Joyce’s Second Letter (4 June)

A
  • Firth believes to Major Adrian Scrope (Papworth), Woolrych argues the tone is too familial
  • Attempt to persuade collaboration from New Model forces
  • ‘persuade all the friends you can to come and meet him’
  • Enclosed section: ‘what wee have done hath been in the name of the whole Army’
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11
Q

Ludlow Memoirs (post 1660) [on Cornet Joyce]

A
  • ‘the chief officers of the army began to publickly own the design’
  • ‘the King began to promise to himself that his condition was altered for the better’
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12
Q

Beginning of the Reading Debates

A

16 July 1647

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13
Q

Lilburne writes to the agitators warning them of ‘the study, labour and practice of some officers’

A

16 July 1647

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14
Q

Ireton presents his draft of the Heads of Proposals to the General Council

A

17 July 1647

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15
Q

Richard Overton publishes An Appeale, warns the agitators to ‘be cautious and wary’

A

17 July 1647

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16
Q

Heads of Proposals are refered to a committee

A

18 July 1647

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17
Q

Heads of Proposals are submitted to the King

A

23 July 1647

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18
Q

Presbyterian mob storms Parliament

A

26 July 1647

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19
Q

the Army restores Independent members to Parliament

A

6 August 1647

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20
Q

Presentation of the Representation of the Agitators

A

16 July 1647

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21
Q

Representation of the Agitators (16 July 1647)

A
  • five demands: purge of parliament, london militia, foreign forces, release of prisoners, payment of arrears
  • demand for ‘a speedy march on London’ against the ‘adverse party in that City’
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22
Q

Reading Debates, Day One Transcript (16 July 1647)

A

Morning: Rainborough and Cromwell both advocating a postponement until the afternoon
Afternoon: Cromwell wanting ‘a firm and durable’ settlement by treaty
William Allen: ‘I fear itt will past our recovery’
Ireton: ‘I should bee against it altogether’
Cromwell ‘the thinges that tend to the uniting of us’

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23
Q

Reading Debates Day Two Transcript (17 July 1647)

A
  • Began with the reading of the Heads
  • Cromwell gives the innocent question about dissolving parliament
  • Allen: ‘things of great weight’, ‘we are butt young statesmen’
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24
Q

Newsletter from Headquarters (17 July 1647)

A
  • Firth attributes to John Rushworth
  • ‘as to be unanimous in Councills’
  • ‘so satisfyed them with arguments and reasons to the contrary’
  • ‘the odium will lye as much upon army’ if peace wasn’t achieved
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25
Q

Publication of the Case of the Army Truly Stated

A

15 October 1647

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26
Q

The First Agreement of the People

A

28 October 1647

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27
Q

First Day of the Putney Debates, discussion of breaking engagements

A

28 October 1647

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28
Q

Second Day of the Putney Debates, debate over suffrage

A

29 October 1647

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29
Q

Grandees order the ending of the Putney debates

A

8 November 1647

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30
Q

Charles I escapes from Colonel Whalley’s custody at Hampton Court

A

11 November 1647

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31
Q

Corkbush field mutiny

A

15 November 1647

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32
Q

The Heads of Proposals - proposed changes to elections

A

‘proportionable to the respective rates’

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33
Q

The Case of the Army Truly Stated - proposed change to elections

A

‘freeborn at the age of 21 yeares and upwards’ be the electors

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34
Q

First Agreement of the People - changes to elections

A

‘proportionated according to the number of the inhabitants’

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35
Q

Putney, First Day Transcripts (28 October 1647)

A

Cromwell: ‘how farre we are obliged’
Wildman: ‘if it were not just it doth nott oblige’
Extended Ireton-Wildman spat: ‘onely the justice of the thing’, ‘there is no foundation of right… [but] that we should keep covenant’

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36
Q

Second Day Transcripts, Putney Debates (29 October 1647)

A

Ireton seizing on franchise: ‘an equall voice’
Rainborough: ‘the poorest he’
Ireton: ‘permanent fixed interest’
Extensive Rainborough-Ireton sparring on arguments
Debate turns to who to exclude: Cromwell and Petty both agree on excluding beggars

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37
Q

Charles I is recaptured at Carisbrooke Castle

A

14 November 1647

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38
Q

Commons passes a vote of no addresses

A

3 January 1648

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39
Q

Second Civil War (months)

A

February - August 1648

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40
Q

Parliament repeals the vote of no addresses

A

24 August 1648

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41
Q

Negotiations begin on the Newport treaty

A

18 September 1648

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42
Q

Newport negotiations break down

A

27 October 1648

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43
Q

Parliamentary commissioners leave Newport without a deal

A

27 November 1648

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44
Q

Remonstrance of the Army calls for ‘Justice upon the Capitall Authors’

A

16 November 1648

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45
Q

Parliament votes to continue negotiations with Charles I

A

5 December 1648

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46
Q

Pride’s Purge

A

6 December 1648

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47
Q

Robert Hammond’s governorship of the Isle of Wight

A

31 August 1647 - 27 November 1648

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48
Q

First letter to Hammond (6 November 1648)

A

‘Remarkable providences’
‘All agree there are cases in which it is lawful to resist’
‘I know not one officer among us but is on the increasing hand’
‘This ruining hypocritical agreement’

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49
Q

Second Letter to Hammond (25 November 1648)

A

‘I fear lest our friends should burn their fingers, as some others did not long since’
‘This man, against whom the Lord hath witnessed’

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50
Q

Ireton’s Letter to Hammond (22 November 1648)

A

‘I thus plainly lay the case before thee’

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51
Q

Army Council publishes the Heads of Proposals with the King’s negotiated terms

A

1 August 1647

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52
Q

Charles I brought to Windsor

A

23 December 1648

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53
Q

House of Commons votes to establish a High Court of Justice to try the King

A

1 January 1649

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54
Q

House of Lords rejects the Commons’ attempt to establish the High Court of Justice

A

2 January 1649

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55
Q

Commons assumes sole legislative authority

A

4 January 1649

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56
Q

Commons establishes the High Court of Justice

A

6 January 1649

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57
Q

Trial of King Charles opens in Westminster Hall

A

20 January 1649

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58
Q

Charles publishes his reasons for declining the jurisdiction of the High Court

A

21 January 1649

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59
Q

Charles is found guilty and sentenced to death

A

27 January 1649

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60
Q

Charles’ death warrant is signed

A

29 January 1649

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61
Q

Charles I is executed in Whitehall

A

30 January 1649

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62
Q

Commons Resolution (4 January 1649)

A

‘The people are… the original of all just power’
‘have the supreme power in this nation’

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63
Q

Act erecting a High Court of Justice (6 January 1649)

A

‘to proceed to final sentence according to justice’

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64
Q

Charge against the King (20 January 1649)

A

‘to overthrow the rights and liberties of the people’
‘traitorously and maliciously levied war’

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65
Q

King’s Reasons for Declining the Jurisdiction (21 January 1649)

A

‘no earthly power can justly call me’
‘you never asked the question of the tenth man in the kingdom’
‘for the true liberty of all my subjects’
‘detained or deterred from sitting’

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66
Q

Sentence of the High Court (27 January 1649)

A

‘guilty of levying war’
‘tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy’

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67
Q

House of Commons votes to abolish the Lords

A

6 February 1649

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68
Q

House of Commons votes to abolish the monarchy

A

7 February 1649

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69
Q

Act abolishing the Kingship

A

17 March 1649

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70
Q

Act abolishing the House of Lords

A

19 March 1649

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71
Q

England proclaimed as a Commonwealth

A

19 May 1649

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72
Q

Act abolishing the Lords (19 March 1649)

A

‘useless and dangerous’
‘shall claim… privelege of Parliament’

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73
Q

Act abolishing the office of King (17 March 1649)

A

‘dangerous to the liberty, safety and public interest’

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74
Q

Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth (19 May 1649)

A

‘henceforth be governed as a Commonwealth and Free State’

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75
Q

Ormonde signs an alliance with the Irish confederates

A

17 January 1649

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76
Q

Covenanter Parliament proclaims Charles II as King of Great Britain

A

5 February 1649

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77
Q

Battle of Rathmines ensures British foothold in Ireland

A

2 August 1649

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78
Q

Cromwell lands in Ireland

A

15 August 1649

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79
Q

Sack of Drogheda

A

11 September 1649

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80
Q

Sack of Wexford

A

11 October 1649

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81
Q

Cromwell leaves Ireland, Ireton left as Lord Deputy

A

26 May 1650

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82
Q

Charles II signs the Treaty of Heligoland with the Scots

A

11 June 1650

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83
Q

Fairfax resigns, is replaced as Lord General by Cromwell

A

26 June 1650

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84
Q

Cromwell crosses the border into Scotland

A

22 July 1650

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85
Q

Victory at Dunbar (500 killed, 1000 wounded, 6000 captured for a loss of 40)

A

3 September 1650

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86
Q

Cromwell captures the city (tho not the castle) of Edinburgh

A

7 September 1650

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87
Q

Scottish forces cross the border into England

A

1 August 1651

88
Q

Battle of Worcester

A

3 September 1651

89
Q

Cromwell Letter 104 (16 September 1649)

A

To John Bradshaw, President of the Council of State
‘after battery we stormed it. The enemy were about 3000’
‘we put to the sword the whole number of the defendants’

90
Q

Cromwell Letter 105 (17 September 1649)

A

Cromwell to William Lenthall
‘a righteous judgement of God upon these barbarous wretches’
‘prevent the effusion of blood in the future’
‘not by power or might, but by the Spirit of God’

91
Q

Cromwell Letter 140 (4 September 1650)

A

To William Lenthall
‘the sickness of your army’
‘made by the Lord of Hosts as stubble to their swords’
‘reform the abuses of all professions’
‘our desire and longing to have avoided blood’

92
Q

Cromwell Letter 183 (4 September 1651)

A

To William Lenthall
‘fought with various successes for some hours’
‘became an absolute victory’
‘Parliament to do the will of Him who hath done His will for it’

93
Q

Whitelocke Memorials (25 June 1650)

A

Transcript of Council of State committee
Cromwell: ‘they have formerly invaded us’
Fairfax: ‘What would you have me do?’

94
Q

How many acts did the Rump pass in 1649?

A

125

95
Q

How many acts did the Rump pass in 1652?

A

44

96
Q

Rump debates an unknown bill, Cromwell arrives and dissolves them

A

20 April 1653

97
Q

Declaration of the Lord General and his Councill of Officers is published

A

22 April 1653

98
Q

Clarke’s newsletter on the dissolution of the Rump is circulated

A

23 April 1653

99
Q

Cromwell establishes a 13 man council of state

A

29 April 1653

100
Q

First meeting of the 140 strong Nominated Assembly

A

4 July 1653

101
Q

Ludlow’s Memoirs, Dissolution of the Rump (20 April 1653)

A

‘loaded parliament with the vilest reproaches’

102
Q

Baxter, Dissolution of the Rump (20 April 1653)

A

‘as if God had impelled him’
‘reproveth the Members for their faults’
‘out he turneth them’
‘no sort of people expressed any great Offence’

103
Q

Whitelocke, Dissolution of the Rump (20 April 1653)

A

‘In a furious manner’
‘that they had sat longe nough, unless they had done more good’

104
Q

Declaration by the Lord General and the Council (22 April 1653)

A

‘proceed vigorously in reforming’
‘recruit and so to perpetuate themselves’
‘all means possible to avoid extraordinary courses’

105
Q

Clarke’s Newsletter (23 April 1653)

A

‘was not for dissolving this Parliament but recruiting itt’
‘with as little noyse as can bee imagined’

106
Q

Discussion of proposals to exclude Lawyers from the Commons (month)

A

November 1649

107
Q

Act for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales

A

22 February 1650

108
Q

Act for the better Payment of Augmentations

A

31 May 1650

109
Q

Blasphemy Act

A

9 August 1650

110
Q

Act for the Relief of the Religious

A

27 September 1650

111
Q

Establishment of the Hale Commission

A

30 January 1652

112
Q

Dissolution of the Hale Commission

A

23 July 1652

113
Q

Officers Agreement of the People (15 January 1649)

A

‘maintenance… out of a public treasury, and, we desire, not by tithes’

114
Q

Cromwell speech to Welsh commissioners (25 April 1653)

A

‘I would advise you to go on cheerfully in the work’

115
Q

Blasphemy Act (9 August 1650)

A

More targeted than the 1648 Ordinance: 1/4 of the bill defined ‘Atheistical, Blasphemous and Execreable Opinions’
More lenient also; 1st offence: 1650: 6 months / 1648: death (for non-recanters)

116
Q

Letter from William Erbury to Cromwell (19 July 1653)

A

‘the tythes of the priests, the fees of the lawyers’
‘the poare of the nation are waiting’

117
Q

Whitelock, Memorials (November 1649)

A

‘the multiplicity of suits and law causes’ as a sign of the rule of law
‘ancient Romans and Grecians, their lawyers will be found numerous and of esteem’
‘merchants shall forbear their trading, physicians from visiting their patients, and country gentlemen shall forbear to sell their corn and wool’

118
Q

Bill for the Better Regulating of Pleaders and their Fees (November 1649)

A

‘no person who now is… a member of parliament shall… plead or manage any case’ (except for the commonwealth)

119
Q

John Lambert begins work on the Instrument of Government

A

mid-Oct 1653

120
Q

Lambert shares his work with a select group of officers

A

Late November 1653

121
Q

Cromwell shown an early draft of the Instrument (with him as King)

A

Early December 1653

122
Q

Committee on Tithes brings in a report including the ejection of tithe beneficiaries

A

2 December 1653

123
Q

Vote on the Tithe Beneficiaries fails by two votes

A

10 December 1653

124
Q

Speaker Francis Rous leads a mass walkout, resigns power to Cromwell

A

12 December 1653

125
Q

Council of Officers adopts the Instrument of Government

A

15 December 1653

126
Q

Cromwell installed as the Lord Protector for the first time

A

16 December 1653

127
Q

Official copies of the Instrument are printed and distributed

A

2 January 1654

128
Q

Ludlow, Memoirs (12 December 1653)

A

‘under consideration for two months past’

129
Q

Opening of the First Protectorate Parliament

A

4 September 1654

130
Q

Cromwell outlines areas of the Instrument that he considers off limits, forces members to promise to be ‘true and faithful’

A

11 September 1654

131
Q

Parliament begins working on its constitutional bill

A

11 November 1654

132
Q

Parliament votes that the militia be disposed as they see fit

A

20 November 1654

133
Q

Parliament votes that the Council members be subject to approval of each new Parliament

A

15 December 1654

134
Q

Cromwell Speech (12 September 1654)

A

‘things which shall be necessary to deliver over to posterity’
‘I could be sorry to the death, that there is cause for this!’

135
Q

Constitutional Bill of the First Protectorate Parliament (11 Nov 1654 - 20 Jan 1655)

A

59 seperate caps
39: Council to be ‘nominated by the said Lord Protector and approved by the Parliament’
40: Council subject to parliamentary approval
43: Bills for ‘restraining of damnable heresies’ not subject to veto
47: disposal of forces ‘to be made by the Parliament’

136
Q

Creation of the Sealed Knot

A

Oct-Dec 1653

137
Q

Cromwell’s changed routes saves him from John Gerard’s conspiracy

A

21 May 1654

138
Q

John Gerard, Peter Vowell and Somerset Fox are arrested

A

21 May 1654

139
Q

Battle of Dalnaspidal sees Middleton and Glencairn defeated by Morgan and Argyll

A

19 July 1654

140
Q

Robert Overton arrested

A

Dec 1654

141
Q

Failure of Penruddock’s Rising

A

11-14 Mar 1655

142
Q

Whitelocke Memorials (Royalism)

A

‘had not the Design been nipt in the Bud… it might have caused some disturbance’

143
Q

Percy Church to Secretary Nicholas (2 April 1655)

A

‘Diuers risings in seuerall counties’
‘seemes not haue bine altogether succesfull
‘Crumwell and his to sitt in Councell almost all that night’

144
Q

Major General Robert Overton (17 January 1654/55)

A

‘it is reported [that I planned]… to abett the caveleers design’
‘if a leveller be one, who bears affection to anarchy… then I am none’

145
Q

Thurlow’s Memorandum (March 1655)

A

‘their designe was a generall insurrection through the whole land’
‘it pleased God to discover a great plot of their plott’

146
Q

Daniel O’Neill to Charles II (8 March 1654/55)

A

‘Knoply (Kent) is not able to serve you for the present, so that the money which he should furnish must be supplyed some other where’

147
Q

First commissions go out to Major Generals

A

21 September 1655

148
Q

Revised commissions issued to Major Generals

A

11 October 1655

149
Q

Major Generals begin their work in the locality

A

2 November 1655

150
Q

Cromwell announces elections in August

A

26 January 1656

151
Q

Elections are held for the Second Protectorate Parliament

A

20 August 1656

152
Q

Second Protectorate Parliament meets for the first time

A

17 September 1656

153
Q

John Desborough introduces the Militia Bill and Decimation Tax Bill to Parliament

A

25 December 1656

154
Q

Parliament votes against the Militia Bill and Decimation Tax Bill

A

29 January 1657

155
Q

Thurlow Letter to Henry Cromwell (13 November 1655)

A

‘finde a very ready complyance’
‘a very good use of the raysinge of this new militia’

156
Q

Goffe to Thurlow (16 November 1655)

A

‘doe readily submitt, but pretend too much innocency’
‘so many of the delinquents dead and soe much of their estates sould’
‘I am very much a stranger in these counties’

157
Q

Kelsey to Thurlow (20 November 1655)

A

request to lower the £100 pa threshold to £50 pa
‘our commissioners are troubled, that soe many should scape’

158
Q

Berry to Thurlow (21 November 1655)

A

‘I told him, with what confidence I came forth in this worke’

159
Q

Whalley to Thurlow (24 November 1655)

A

‘not to allowe of debts and incumberances upon delinquents estates’
‘the tax would come to little’ (had this not been ordered)

160
Q

Beginning of the Anglo-Dutch War

A

10 July 1652

161
Q

Treaty of Westminster ends the Anglo-Dutch War

A

15 April 1654

162
Q

Debate in Council (Western Design)

A

20 April 1654

163
Q

Debate in the Protector’s Council (Western Design)

A

20 July 1654

164
Q

Fleet sails for the West Indies (30 ships, 8000 troops)

A

14 December 1654

165
Q

Unsuccessful campaign on Hispaniola

A

14 Apr - 12 May 1654

166
Q

Jamaica captured

A

12 May 1655

167
Q

Debate in Council (20 April 1654)

A

‘to be lessend and layd downe, or to be imployed in some advantageous designe’

168
Q

Debate in the Protector’s Council (20 July 1654)

A

Lambert: unlikely ‘to give riches to us’
Cromwell: ‘hope of greate profit’

169
Q

Letter to Vice Admiral Goodson (22 October 1655)

A

‘the Lord hath greatly humbled us’

170
Q

Letter to Richard Fortescue (30 October 1655)

A

‘the Lord, who hath very sorely chastised us’

171
Q

James Naylor released from Exeter gaol

A

20 October 1656

172
Q

James Naylor rides into Bristol on a horse

A

24 October 1656

173
Q

Naylor and his followers are brought in front of a parliamentary committee

A

31 October 1656

174
Q

Parliamentary committee on James Naylor issues a thirteen page report

A

5 December 1656

175
Q

Naylor called for questioning at the bar of the house

A

6 December 1656

176
Q

House of Commons votes on Naylor’s sentence (82-96 against death)

A

16 December 1656

177
Q

Naylor called to the bar of the house to formally receive his sentence

A

17 December 1656

178
Q

Naylor is flogged, left so weak that the rest of his sentence is postponed

A

18 December 1656

179
Q

Cromwell writes to the house asking for an explanation of their sentencing of Naylor

A

25 December 1656

180
Q

Burton’s diary, Parliamentary discussion of Naylor’s case (5-16 December 1656)

A

Whitelocke: ‘upon your judicatory or legislative power’
Skippon: ‘if this be liberty, then God deliver me from this liberty’
Holland: ‘many Christians were formerly martyred under this notion of blasphemy’
William Boteler: ‘that law made against blasphemy in Leviticus is as binding to us at this day’

181
Q

Cromwell to Thomas Widdrington (25 Dec 1656)

A

‘we detest and abhor… such opinions and practices’
‘do desire that the House would let Us know the grounds and reasons’

182
Q

Christopher Packe presents a Remonstrance to Parliament

A

23 February 1657

183
Q

Cromwell meets with his officers, ‘he loved not the title, a feather in a hat’

A

27 February 1657

184
Q

Formal presentation of the Humble Petition and Advice to the Protector

A

31 March 1657

185
Q

Cromwell gives stalling speeches to Parliament over the offer of the crown

A

3, 8 April 1657

186
Q

Cromwell speaks to the conference of 99 MPs

A

11, 13, 20, 21 April 1657

187
Q

Cromwell formally declines the offer of the crown

A

8 May 1657

188
Q

Ratification of the modified Humble Petition and Advice

A

25 May 1657

189
Q

Additional Petition and Advice clarifies oaths and voting qualifications, Cromwell reinstalled as Protector

A

26 June 1657

190
Q

Remonstrances from the Churches in Gloucestershire (undated, 1657)

A

‘any holy ende in owning such a title?’
‘most earnestly begging you… utterly reject such application’

191
Q

Cromwell speech upon presentation of the Humble Petition and Advice (31 March 1657)

A

‘say no more at this time than is necessary’

192
Q

Cromwell’s speech to Parliament on the Humble Petition (8 April 1657)

A

‘there are many things… that deserve very much to be elucidated’

193
Q

Meeting of the Conference of 99 MPs (11 April 1657)

A

Lenthall: the whole body of the Law is carried upon this wheel
Whitelocke: ‘that of Protector was not known to the Law’
Broghill: ‘persons that obey a King de facto are to be held guiltless’
Cromwell: ‘I shall need to have a little thought’

194
Q

Conference of the 99 MPs (13 April 1657)

A

‘I must not grant that they are necessarily conclusive’
‘doth any way determine against my final resolution’

195
Q

Cromwell’s speech to Parliament (8 May 1657)

A

‘not to be convinced of the necessity of that thing’
‘excellent parts, in all but in that one thing’

196
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Preamble (25 May 1657)

A

‘continual danger… [from] the malignant and discontented party’

197
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Art.1 (25 May 1657)

A

‘during your lifetime to appoint and declare [a successor]’

198
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Art.2 (25 May 1657)

A

‘Parliaments consisting of two Houses’

199
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Art.3 (25 May 1657)

A

MPs excluded ‘by judgement and consent of that House’

200
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Art.5 (25 May 1657)

A

Lords ‘nominated by your highness, and approved by this house’

201
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Art.7 (25 May 1657)

A

‘a yearly revenue of £1,300,000 pounds’

202
Q

Humble Petition and Advice, Art.11 (25 May 1657)

A

‘the true Protestant Christian religion’ - excluding non-trinitarians, papists, episcopalians, ‘horrible blasphemies’

203
Q

Treaty of Westminster between the Protectorate and France

A

3 November 1655

204
Q

Treaty of Paris between the Protectorate and France

A

23 March 1657

205
Q

Slingsby Bethel, The Worlds Mistake (1668)

A

‘put the whole Baltick Sea into the Sweeds hands’
‘freed the French King from his fears’

206
Q

John Thurlow, Concerning the Foreign Affairs (post-Restoration)

A

‘be umpire of the peace’
‘the Swede [nor] the Dane should be ruined’
‘laid to heart as much as anything’
‘to monopolise all trade’

207
Q

Cromwell speech to the Second Protectorate Parliament (25 January 1658)

A

‘the greatest Design now on foot’
‘on both sides of Christendome… armed and prepared’
‘France… is a balance to [Spain]’
‘Providentially so’

208
Q

Cromwell’s speech opening the Second Protectorate Parliament (17 September 1656)

A

‘the empire of the whole Christian world’

209
Q

Letter to William Lockhart (26 May 1658)

A

‘suffer not… thy kingdom to be soiled with that discredit’

210
Q

Instrument of Government, Art.I (15 December 1653)

A

‘one person and the people assembled in Parliament’

211
Q

Instrument of Government, Art.XIV (15 December 1653)

A

Royalists ‘shall be disabled and incapable to be elected, or to give any vote’

212
Q

Instrument of Government, Art.XVII (15 December 1653)

A

MPs to have ‘known integrity, fearing God and of good conversation’

213
Q

Instrument of Government, Art.XVIII (15 December 1653)

A

‘any estate, real or personal, to the value of £200’ - contrast 40 shilling franchise

214
Q

Instrument of Government, Art.XXIV (15 December 1653)

A

‘such Bills shall pass into and become laws’

215
Q

Instrument of Government, Art.XXX (15 December 1653)

A

‘shall have power, until the meeting of the first parliament’

!) Republic and Revolution (Finals) (1 decks)

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