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NCM 109 > finals > Flashcards

finals Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent (staphylococcal food poisoning)

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin by staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Intubation period of staphylococcal food poisioning

A

1-7 hours

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3
Q

Assessment (staphylococcal food poisoning)

A

Severe vomiting/diarrhea, excessive salivation, abdominal cramping, and nausea w/in 2-6 hrs of eating

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4
Q

Therapeutic management (staphylococcal food poisoning)

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement, drug; cefotaxime

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5
Q

Most common poisoning ing ages 2-3

A

Poisoning as unintentional injury

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6
Q

Best method to deactivate a swallowed poison

A

Activated charcoal

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7
Q

Drug frequently involved in childhood poisoning

A

Acetaminophen

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8
Q

If acetaminophen taken in large doses it can cause

A

Liver destruction

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9
Q

Happen after digesting acetaminophen

A

Nausea, anorexia, vomiting

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10
Q

Diagnostic tests (acetaminophen poisoning)

A

Serum aspartate/alanine transaminase

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11
Q

Assessment (acetaminophen poisoning)

A

Jaundice and tenderness of liver

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12
Q

Therapeutic management of acetaminophen poisoning

A

Activated charcoal, acetylcysteine - antidote

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13
Q

Cause of caustic poisonig

A

Ingestion of strong alkali (lye)

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14
Q

Main complications og caustic poisoning

A

Burns and tissue necrosis on mouth, esophagus, and stomach = respiratory complications

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15
Q

Therapeutic management of caustic poisoning

A

Intubation and strong analgesics (morphine)

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16
Q

Major effect of hydrocarbon ingestion

A

Respiratory irritation

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17
Q

Its is corrosive to gastric mucosa

A

Iron poisoning

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18
Q

After 6hrs iron poisoning can cause

A

Necrosis of the lining of GI tract

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19
Q

After 12hrs iron poisoning can cause

A

Melena, hematemesis, lethargy and coma, cyanosis, vasomotor collapse

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20
Q

Therapeutic management of iron poisoning

A

Stomach lavage, cathartic to pass iron pills, maalox or mylanta for decreasing gastric irritation and pain

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21
Q

Interferes with red blood cell function

A

Lead poisoning

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22
Q

Most serious effect of lead poisoning

A

Lead encephalitis

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23
Q

Assessment

A

Successive blood lead levels >10mg/dL

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24
Q

Therapeutic management of lead poisoning

A

> 15mg/dL : child remove from environment

> 20mg/dL : oral chelating (succimer)

> 45ml/dL : enhalation theraphy (dimercaprol or edetate calcium disodium

Injections of EDTA

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25
Q

Accidental ingestion or through skin/respiratory contact with area recently sprayed

A

Pesticide poisoning

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26
Q

Therapeutic management of pesticide poisoning

A

Activated charcoal

Clothing contaminated; remove it

Intravenous atropine

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27
Q

Leading cause of death in children and adolescent

A

Accidents

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28
Q

Intentional/unintentional damage to body due to external agent, children are most prone to it

A

Injury

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29
Q

A common rheumatologic disease, shares a common manifestation of chronic joint inflammation

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

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30
Q

Female are prone to rheumatoid arthritis because of

A

Fluctuations of the female hormones

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31
Q

Clinical manifestation of JRA

A

Arthritis, loss of motion, synovitis, swelling, and joint inflammation

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32
Q

Management of RA

A

Exercise, synovectomy, osteotomy and arthrodesis, total hip and knee replacement

33
Q

Anti inflammatory drugs for JRA

A

NSAIDs, Disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs, Corticosteroids, immonomodulators

34
Q

A scoliosis problem not involving the spine

Curvature is flexible

A

Functional Scoliosis

35
Q

Spine curvature is not flexible does not go away when changing position

A

Structural Scoliosis

36
Q

Signs of scoliosis

A

Uneven shoulders/hips, curve of spine

37
Q

Nonsurgical treatments

A

Electrical stimulation (at night)
Braces (Boston braces or TLSO)
Pedicle screw instrumentation
Halo traction

38
Q

Surgical management

A
  • Growing rods
  • Localizer cast
  • Traction to the pelvis through another sling
  • Pediatric Isola spine system
39
Q

Deformities associated with scoliosis

A

Kyphosis (humpback)
Lordosis (swayback)

40
Q

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and a common behavioral disorder in children that’s chracterized by three persistent patterns of …

A

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

41
Q

ADHD: premature delivery

A

Because they experience disruptions in brain maturation and development, like regions in attention, impulse control, and executive function

42
Q

ADHD: low birth weight

A

They have underdeveloped brains and reduced neural connectivity

43
Q

ADHD: Alcohol, smoking and drugs

A

Affects fetal brain development, especially normal neural growth and function

44
Q

ADHD: exposure to environmental toxins

A

Lead, neurotoxin that can impair cognitive function and behavior

45
Q

Exposure to organophosphate pesticides

A

Pesticides are neurotoxic

46
Q

Behavioral psychotherapy

A

Diminishes uncertain expectations and increase organization; used w/ medication regimen

47
Q

Psychosocial interventions

A

Behavioral prent training and behavioral classroom management: used in conjunction with psychopharmacological approaches

48
Q

Cognitive therapy for adults with ADHD

A

Helps time management making it easier for adults with ADHD to counter anxiety and depressive symptoms

49
Q

Stimulants

A

May supress the appetite and affect child’s growth

50
Q

Atomoxetine (strattera)

A

First line treatment

51
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

have many potential adverse effects (dry mouth, headaches, blurred vision) making them are rarely used

52
Q

Nursing managemwnt for ADHD

A

Appropriate memory retraining techniques

Ventilation of feelings

Use simple and direct instructions

Implement scheduled routine every day

Avoid stimulating and distracting settings

Give positive reinforcement

53
Q

Complex disorder not diagnosed medically but through behavioral observation and screening

A

Autism

54
Q

When symptoms of autism occur

A

At 6months, established at 2-3yrs old, and can continue to adulthood

55
Q

Main features of autism

A

Impired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication

Repetitive or stereotyped behavior (echolalia)

56
Q

Uses one-on-one teaching approach that reinforces the practice of various skills

A

Applied behavioral analysis

57
Q

Pharmacology of autism

A

Anti-psychotic, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants

58
Q

Common term for lice in pubic hair

A

Crabs

59
Q

What kills pubic lice

A

Over-the-counter lotions

60
Q

Main symptoms of pubic lic

A

Intense itching and crawling lice

61
Q

Pink or flesh-colored warts, raised, flat, or shaped like cauliflower

A

Genital warts (HPV)

62
Q

Genital warts may lead to

A

Cervical or anal cancer

63
Q

Main management for genital warts or HPV

A

Wart removal options

64
Q

Infants with gonorrhea may develop an

A

Eye infections

65
Q

Common symptoms of gonorrhea (the clap)

A

Pain during urination, yellow-green discharge from penis

66
Q

Causes Palmar sores

A

Syphilis

67
Q

Wihtout treatment syphilis can lead to

A

Damage to organs of heart, brain, liver, nerves, and eyes

= paralysis, blindness, and death

68
Q

First sign of syphilis

A

Firm, round, painless sore in genitals or anus

69
Q

Common areas where amenorrhea affects

A

Hypothalamus
Ovaries
Uterus

70
Q

Amenorrhea due to genetics, characterized by no period by 15 yrs old

A

Primary amenorrhea

71
Q

Getting regular periods then stops for at least 3 mons

A

Secondary amenorrhea

72
Q

Normal reasons to miss your period

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Menopause
Surgery to remove uterus or ovaries

73
Q

Common causes of amenorrhea

A

Birth control
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Previous surgery w/ scarring
Stress, poor nutrition, weight changes
Extreme exercises

74
Q

Medical conditions that cause primary amenorrhea

A

Hormonal issues
Sturtural problems with organs

75
Q

Medical conditions that cause secondary amenorrhea

A

Primary ovarian insufficiency
Hypothalamic amenorrhea
Pituitary disorders
Hormonal imbalances
Ovarian tumors
Obesity
Chronic illness

76
Q

Birth control methods that cause secondary amenorrhea

A

Depo-Provero, IUD

77
Q

Complications of amenorrhea

A

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease

78
Q

Treatment to help with side effects of amenorrhea

A

Estrogen therapy (relief hot flashes and vaginal dryness)
Calcium and Vitamin D (bone strength)
Strength training (muscle strength)

NCM 109 (1 decks)

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