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PMLS (Lab) > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

When are blood cultures ordered

A

when there is Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

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2
Q

LIst the 3 aims of blood culture

A
  • Confirm the infectious etiology
  • Identify the etiological agent
  • Guide the antimicrobial therapy
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3
Q

a positive blood culture means what

A

there is bacteria in blood

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4
Q

a systemic infection is known as

A

sepsis

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5
Q

blood cultures should be requested when

A

bloodstream infection or sepsis is suspected

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6
Q

clinical symptoms in a patient that can lead to suspicious of bloodstream infection

A
  • undetermined fever or chills
  • severed local infections
  • abnormally raised heart rate
  • low or raised body temperature
  • raised respiratory rate
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7
Q

yellow top

A

pediatric aerobic (1-3mLgree)

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8
Q

green top

A

adult aerobic (5-10mL)

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9
Q

orange top

A

anaerobic (5-10mL)

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10
Q

black top

A

mycobacteria (5-10mL)

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11
Q

silver

A

mycoplasma (3-5mL)

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12
Q

if using a winged blood collection set, which bottle should be filled

A

aerobic bottle

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13
Q

if using needle and syringe which bottle should be filled first

A

anaerobic bottle

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14
Q

under-filling can cause

A

false negative results

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15
Q

over-filling can cause

A

inaccurate results

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16
Q

most important part of blood culture

A

antiseptics

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17
Q

alternative collection procedure for small amounts of blood

A

capillary puncture

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18
Q

it is the usual collection procedure for infants and children under 2 years old

A

capillary puncture

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19
Q

used for bleeding times, ancillary blood glucose testing, and obese patients

A

capillary puncture

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20
Q

mixture of arterial blood, venous blood and tissue fluid

A

capillary blood

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21
Q

bladed instrument that either puncture or makes an incision in the skin to obtain capillary blood specimens for testing

A

Lancet

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22
Q

use to disinfect the area before incision

A

alcohol pads

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23
Q

plain tubes with no anticoagulant

A

blue capillary tubes

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24
Q

heparinized tubes

A

red capillary tubes

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25
Q

use to seal capillary tubes

A

sealing clay

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26
Q

small plastic tubes used to collect tiny amounts of blood obtained from capillary punctures

A

microtainer tubes

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27
Q

for whole blood hematology and lead determinations

A

K2EDTA

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28
Q

for plasma determinations in clinical chemistry

A

Litium Heparin

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29
Q

for plasma determinations in clinical chemistry

A

Lithium heparin and gel for plasma separation

30
Q

for glucose determinations

A

NaFI/Na2 EDTA

31
Q

for serum determinations in clinical chemistry

A

clot activator with gel for serum seperation

32
Q

for serum determinations in clinical chemistry

A

no additive

33
Q

order of draw for capillary puncture

A
  1. capillary blood gases
  2. blood smear
  3. EDTA tubes
  4. other anticoagulant tubes
  5. serum tubes
34
Q

capillary puncture site for babies

A

planter surface of heel

35
Q

depth of capillary puncture for babies

A

2mm

36
Q

cause of hemolysis in capillary puncture for babies

A
  1. alcohol not completely dried
  2. finger or heel squeezed to vigorously
  3. blood was scraped off
  4. newborns have increased RBC fragility
37
Q

defined as the time it takes for a standard wound to stop bleeding

A

bleeding time

38
Q

duke’s BT

A

earlobe/fingertip

39
Q

Ivy BT

A
  • volar surface of arm with BP cuff of 40mm Hg
  • pressure of BP cuff will vary with age
40
Q

Template BT

A
  • modification of Ivy
  • uses a template or a commercial device
41
Q

causes of Prolonged BT (bleeding time)

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • qualitative platelet disorders
    *blood vessel abnormality
  • drug therapy
42
Q

a process of spinning down or separating the cells from liquid portion of blood

A

centrifugation

43
Q

a laboratory device that is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on density.

A

centrifuge

44
Q

centrifugal force is expressed as

A

gravity

45
Q

of the centrifuge vibrates and makes noises, this means that

A

the centrifuge is unbalanced

46
Q

centrifuge must be calibrated with a

A

tachometer

47
Q

centrifuge that is
* commonly used in labs
* can take up to 100 tubes
* slow speed (up to 4000 rpm)

A

small benchtop

48
Q

centrifuge that is
* takes tubes of small volume (2mL)
* commonly used in biochemistry, molecular biology. and biological labs
* can generate forces up to ~15,000 x g

A

microcentrifuge

49
Q

centrifuge that is
* normally refrigerated
* 15,000 - 20,000 rpm
* research applications
* differentiation separation of nucleus, mitochondrial, protein precipitate, large intact organelle, cellular debris, bulky protein aggregates

A

high speed centrifuges

50
Q

centrifuge that is
* expensive!!
* requires special rotors
* 65,000 - 120,00 rpm
* balance is important

A

ultracentrifuge

51
Q

centrifuge that is
* centrifugal fields of 3000 - 6000 x g
* efficient separation of coarse precipitate or whole cells

A

large-capacity preparative centrifuge

52
Q

used for determination of volume fraction of erythrocytes in blood and also for separation of microblood and solutions

A

hematocrit centrifuge

53
Q

a procedure of dividing or separating specimens into separate containers patient samples

A

aliquoting

54
Q

if red cells were left in contact with serum or plasma, glucose will decrease and potassium can increase. This process is called what

A

glycolysis

55
Q

greatest concerns of all laboratory workers

A

mixing up patient samples

56
Q

the time take for blood to clot in a person

A

clotting time

57
Q

advantages of lee and white method

A
  1. more accurate and standard method
  2. test can be run with control
58
Q

disadvantage of lee and white method

A
  1. it is also a rough method
  2. there can be contamination of syringe or tube
59
Q

normal clotting time for lee and white method

A

5-10 minutes

60
Q

advantages of capillary tube method

A

can be performed when venous blood cannot be obtained

61
Q

disadvantages of capillary tube method

A
  1. method is insensitive
  2. method is unreliable
62
Q

what significance does high value time for clotting time have?

A
  1. hemophilia disorders
  2. congenital deficiencies in clotting factors
63
Q

what significance does low value time for clotting time have?

A
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • thrombotic predisposition
64
Q

normal value for clotting time

A

2-4 minutes

65
Q

used to determine whether the ulnar artery can provide collateral circulation to the hand after the radial artery puncture

A

allen test

66
Q

was originally developed by Edgar V. Allen in 1929

A

allen test

67
Q

if allen test is negative, what should u do

A

use another site to select

68
Q

portion of a larger whole

A

Aliquot

69
Q

most laboratory specimens are centrifuged at

A

750 to 1000g for 15 minutes

70
Q

excessive crying of infant can lead to

A

elevated leukocyte count

PMLS (Lab) (1 decks)

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