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CCP 3 > finals > Flashcards

finals Flashcards

1
Q

Multinucleated
Originated from myoblast precursor cells
Has 3 connective tissue layers

A

Skeletal muscle

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2
Q

3 connective tissue layers in the skeletal muscle

A

Epymisium
Perymisium
Endomysium

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3
Q

outermost layer, encircle thr entire muscle

A

Epymisium

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4
Q

Surrounded by 10-100 or more fibers and separates muscles into bundles called Fascicles

A

Perymisium

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5
Q

Loacated inside the Fascicles, separating individual muscle fiber from one another

A

Endomysium

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6
Q

Bundles located in the Perymisium

A

Fascicles

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7
Q

fluid filled system of the mebranous sacs thar encircles each myofibril

A

Srcoplasmic Reticulum

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8
Q

Dilated end sacs of SR

A

Terminal Cisterns

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9
Q

Muscle fibers are relaxed:

A

SR stores Ca2+

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10
Q

Occur due to releasing Ca2+ from Terminal cisterns

A

Muscle contraction

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11
Q

2 substantial substances in the Sarcoplasm

A

Glycogen and Myoglobin

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12
Q

Also called Contractile organelles of the skeletal muscles

A

Myofibrils

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13
Q

Mainly composed of myosin

A

Thick filaments

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14
Q

Composed of mainly actin

A

Thin filament

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15
Q

True or False: both thick and think filaments are involve in contractile process

A

TRUE

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16
Q

compartment where the 2 filaments are arranged

A

Sarcomere

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17
Q

Narrow plated shaped region, Anchors the actin rich thin filaments and maintains the mechanical stability of cardiac muscles

A

Z disc

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18
Q

Dark middle part of the sarcomere, extends the entire length of the thick filament and overlaps areas between thick and thin

A

A band

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19
Q

lighter zone, contains the rest of the thin filament

A

I band

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20
Q

Narroe regiom at the Center of each A band that only contains Thick filament

A

H zone

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21
Q

Region center of the H zone, holds together the thick filament together at the center of the sarcomere

A

M line

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22
Q

Proteins in the Myofibril: Generates force during contraction

A

Contractile protein

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23
Q

Protein that helps switch the contraction process On and off

A

Regulatory
protein

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24
Q

keeps the filament in proper alignment and gives elasticitu and extendability

A

Structural protein

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25
Q

T or F: the actin and myosin and bands and Z disc in the cardiac muscles are same im the skeletal muscles

A

True

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26
Q

Unique characteristic of CM

A

It has intercalated disc

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27
Q

T or F: Cardiac muscles contain both desmosomes and gap junctions

A

True

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28
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscles does not Lack Epymisium

A

False, It has endomysium and perymisium but it LACKS Epymisium

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29
Q

Why does the comtraction rate in CM is 10-15x longer than skeletal muscles

A

Cuz Ca2+ enters the sarcoplasm from SR and instertitial fluids

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30
Q

T or F: CM contraction has its own autorythmic muscle fibers

A

T

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31
Q

T or F Mitochondria in CM are small and few

A

F: they are large and numerous

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32
Q

Walls of the small arteries and veins, uterus, urinary bladder and intestines

A

Visceral

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33
Q

Walls of larger arteries, airways and arrector pili muscles

A

Multi unit

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34
Q

T/F SM does not have 2 types

A

F: Visceral and multi unit

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35
Q

Why smooth muscles, smooth?

A

Its spindle shaped and Non striated

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36
Q

T/F SM contains a single oval and centrally located nucleus.
It contains both filaments

A

T

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37
Q

WHY SM has a small amount of SR that contains CA2+

A

cuz it lacks Transverse tubules

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38
Q

Where does the Ca2+ source in SM located

A

Caveolae, small pouch like invagination in the plasma membrane

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39
Q

Charge different across the plasma mebrane of an unstimulated cell

A

Resting Potential

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40
Q

T/ F K+ inside is lower than in the outside

A

F, Higher

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41
Q

T/F Na+ are Higher inside than outside

A

F, Higher outside

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42
Q

Which is more permeable in the PM K+ or Na+

A

K+

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43
Q

Reverse of Resting Potential, INSIDE of the PM becomes more positive

A

Action potential

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44
Q

Value where depolarizatiom changes the membrane potential

A

THRESHOLD

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45
Q

Synapse between motor neuron and SK muscles

A

Neuromuscular Junction

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46
Q

what nerves supplies the SK muscles

A

SOMATIC NERVES/MOTOR NEURON

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47
Q

T/F each Motor neurons DOES NOT branched out in the msucles fibers
Fibers called?

A

F, it does branch out
Terminal buttons

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48
Q

Organic compound that is found in the body and brain as neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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49
Q

Ligan channels

A

Acetylcholine Receptors

50
Q

T/F acetylcholine is a Ligand

A

T

51
Q

5 units found in the Acetylcholine channels

A

2 ALPHA, 1 BETA, 1 EPSILON, 1 DELTA

52
Q

ACETYLCHOLINE ONLY BINDS TO?

A

2 Alpha units

53
Q

Protein that helps in the formation of coated vesicles

A

Clathrin

54
Q

shape of Clathrin

A

Triskelion

55
Q

Number of chains in Clathrin

A

3 heavy chains and 3 light chains

56
Q

A single brief contraction and relaxation cycle in a muscle fiber. Does not last long and generates enough tension function to do work

A

Muscle Twitch

57
Q

PHASE?
time between the application of stimulus to the motor neuron and beginning of contraction

A

Lag/latent phase

58
Q

Phase: Time of contraction

A

Contraction phase

59
Q

Increasing freq of AP the contractions reach a point wherein it no longer rests, tension remains peaked

A

TETANUS

60
Q

Muscle fibers are still able to relax in between contractions
AP freq is not high enough

A

Incomplete tetanus

61
Q

AP is rapid and no relaxatiom occurs between contractions

A

Complete tetanus

62
Q

Cellular resp w/ presence of Oxygen and Its products

A

Aerobic respiration, water, co2 atp

63
Q

CR W/o the presence or oxygen andnits products

A

Anaerobic respiration Alcohol, co2 atp

64
Q

Glucose splits into 2 Molecules and produces w ATp present in bacteria and muscle cells

A

Lactic acid fermentation

65
Q

Glucos splits into ethanol and 2 ATP per sugar molecule

A

Alcoholic fermentation

66
Q

Increasing tension, constanr length

A

Isometric

67
Q

Constant tension, length changes

A

Isotonic

68
Q

Tension is maintained, opposing resistance caused length to increase

A

ECCENTRIC

69
Q

Tension is great, overcomes opposing resistance but muscle shortens Ex. Bicep curls

A

Concentric

70
Q

called the resting and digesting

A

Parasympathetic

71
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

72
Q

Preganglionic
Cns outflow and
ganglia of PSD

A

Craniosacral division
Cranial nerves amd pelvic splanchic nerves
Terminal ganglia on effector organ

73
Q

SPD
PREGANGLIONIC
CNS OUTFLOW
GANGLIA

A

Thoracolumbar division
Sympathetic nerves, spinal nerves splanchic nerves
Sympathetic ganglia (Paraverbal ganglia)
Collateral ganglia (Preverbal ganglia)

74
Q

Low lvls of this neurotransmitter causes Alzheimer and myasthenia gravis

A

ACETYCHOLINE

75
Q

NEURON FOR ACETYLCHOLIME AND NOREPINEPHRINE

A

CHOLINERGIC AND ADRENERGIC

76
Q

Gland that produces dopamine and somatostatin

A

Hypothalamus

77
Q

Gland that produces Oxytocin and vasopressin

A

Pituitary gland

78
Q

hormone thar gives pleasure, satisfaction and motivation

A

Dopamine

79
Q

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone in the pituitary gland

A

Somatostatin

80
Q

hormone that is present during labor and deliver and lactation

A

Oxytocin

81
Q

Hormone that regulates and conserves water and water balance

A

Vasopressin

82
Q

secretes melatonin

A

Pineal gland

83
Q

Master of glands

A

Pituitary gland

84
Q

Stimulates cortisol production

A

Adenocorticotropic

85
Q

Stimulates sperm, eggs, and estrogen production

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

86
Q

stimulates ovulation and testosterone production

A

Luteinizing hormone

87
Q

Stimulates Breastmilk production After giving birth

A

Prolactin

88
Q

stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones that can manage the metabolism

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

89
Q

Produces Aldosterone(regulates bp and electrolytes and salt lvls)

A

Zona glumerosa

90
Q

Produces Glucocorticoids

A

Zona Faciculata

91
Q

Called the adrenal androgens, secretes DHEA, estrogen and androstenedione

A

Zona Reticularis

92
Q

Gland that controls the speed of metabolism

A

Thyroid gland

93
Q

gland that regulates and controls Calcium lvls in the blood

A

Parathyroid gland

94
Q

System present in the GI tract and produces hormones

A

Enteric endocrine system

95
Q

Released by G cells and secretes gastric acid

A

Gastric

96
Q

stimulates release of bile and pancreatic enzymes

A

Cholecystokinin

97
Q

stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate rich fluids

A

Secretin

98
Q

Released by the K cells im the duodenum and jejunum

A

GASTRIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE

99
Q

secreted by M cells in small intestine during fasting

A

Motilin

100
Q

released by L cells in the ileum and colon reponse to nutrient ingestion

A

GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1

101
Q

Released by L cells in the ileum and colon in response to food intake

A

PEPTIDE YY

102
Q

released by D cells throughout the GI TRACT

A

SOMATOSTATIN

103
Q

Inhibits FSH

A

INHIBIN

104
Q

Stimulates FSH secretion

A

ACTIVIN

105
Q

Parts involves in hearing

A

Vestibular system
Cochlea
Semicircular Canals

106
Q

Parts involve in equilibrium

A

Utricle
Saccule

107
Q

Attachment to an immovable bone

A

Origin

108
Q

Attachment to a movable

A

Insertion

109
Q

Brings to bones together

A

Flexion

110
Q

brings bones away, increases angles between two bones

A

Extension

111
Q

Beyond 180⁰ extension

A

Hyperextension

112
Q

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

A

Circumduction

113
Q

Lifting the foot

A

Dorsiflexion

114
Q

Depressing the foot(pointing the toes)

A

Plantar flexion

115
Q

turn sole medially

A

Inversion

116
Q

Turn sole of foot laterally

A

Eversion

117
Q

Forearm rotates laterally so palms face anteriorly
Radius and ulna are parallel

A

Supination

118
Q

Forearms rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly
Radius and ulna cross each other like an X

A

Pronation

119
Q

move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand

A

Opposition

120
Q

Muscle involve: Compress the cheeks anf lips against teeth
origin:
Insertion

A

Biccinator
LipslllMaxilla mandible
lips

121
Q

Depress the angle of mouth
Origin:
Insertion:

A

Depressor anguli oris
Mandible
lower lip near angle

122
Q

Raises the upper lip
Origin
Insertion

A

Levator labii superioris
Maxilla
Upper lip nose

CCP 3 (1 decks)

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