FINALS

Question 1

It involves proper preparation and labeling of medicines for patients.

Answer 1

Dispensing Process

Question 2

It is one of the major cause of medication errors

Answer 2

Dispensing Process

Question 3

It refers to a display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon the immediate container of the drug product and a requirement set by the FDA.

Answer 3

Label

Question 4

It refers to the label in the immediate container, and the other printed materials that are made available with the product at the time of purchase and/or what protects the product.

Answer 4

Labeling materials

Question 5

The DOH has issued requirements for labeling materials through what AO

Answer 5

Administrative Order No.55 s.1988

Question 6

Generic name shall be the one with the highest point size among the printed elements on the label.

Answer 6

If the product is identified by a brand name, it shall be one-point bigger but in the same typeface, font, and color as the brand name and shall appear immediately above the latter.

Question 7

It refers to the identification of drugs and medicines by their scientifically and internationally recognized active ingredient.

Answer 7

Generic Name

Question 8

It refers to the proprietary/trade name assigned to the product by the drug establishment.

Answer 8

Brand Name

Question 9

It refers to the classification of the product based on its therapeutic action as specified in the product registration.

Answer 9

Pharmacologic Category

Question 10

It refers to the name(s) of active medicinal ingredient per dosage unit expressed in the metric system.

Answer 10

Formulation

Question 11

It refers to the approved critical use of the product based on substantial and scientifically supported evidence of the safety and efficacy of the drug in the given dosage form.

Answer 11

Indication

Question 12

It means the pharmaceutical form of the preparation based on official pharmacopoeia.

Answer 12

Dosage Form

Question 13

It refers to the site and manner the product is to be introduced into or applied to the body.

Answer 13

Mode of Administration

Question 14

It refers to the statements regarding the occurrence of potential hazards and side effects as associated with the use of the product and the limitation of its use.

Answer 14

Contraindications

Question 15

It refers to statements regarding the conditions wherein the use of the product may cause harm to the patient.

Answer 15

Warnings

Question 16

It refers to instructions and special care required to use the products to avoid undesired effects and ensure the safe and effective use of the drug.

Answer 16

Precautions

Question 17

For products other than biological products, it means the date (month and year) during which processing of the bulk product, from which the goods are to be filled, is completed.

Answer 17

Date of Manufacture

Question 18

It refers to any distinctive combination of letters and/or numbers assigned to a particular batch.

It permits the production history of the batch including all stages of manufacture and control, to be traced and reviewed.

Answer 18

Batch number

Question 19

It refers to any distinctive combination of letters and/or numbers assigned to a particular lot, herein defined as a portion of the batch.

Answer 19

Lot number

Question 20

It refers to the date after which the product is not expected to retain its claimed safety, efficacy, and quality or potency or after which it is not permissible to sell, distribute, or use said product.

Answer 20

Expiration date

Question 21

It refers to the total amount/quantity/number of the dosage form in a particular container of a product expressed in the metric system.

Answer 21

Net content

Question 22

It refers to the prevailing specified range of temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors within which optimal stability of the product is ensured based on laboratory data.

Answer 22

Storage condition

Question 23

The Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Generic Labeling Requirements of Drug Products for Human Use

Answer 23

Administrative Order No. 2016-0008

Question 24

Current guidelines on labeling for dispensed medicine can be found under:

Answer 24

Section 36 of Article II Republic Act 1098 or the Philippine Pharmacy Act

Question 25

Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008

Answer 25

Republic Act 9502

Question 26

These are used in pharmacy and drugstore setting as needed for dispensed individually or loose medicines.

Answer 26

White and Red Labels

Question 27

Are usually used to label loose capsules and tablets, suspensions, etc. that are taken orally.

Answer 27

White labels

Question 28

Are used to label compounded medicines that are externally used.

Answer 28

Red Labels

Question 29

They go together as part of Good Compounding Practice (GCP)

Answer 29

Packaging and Labeling

Question 30

The new expiration date or beyond-use date of bottles.

Answer 30

6 months from the date the bottle was opened

Question 31

It must be always observed to avoid contamination/cross-contamination of products to be prepared.

Answer 31

Sanitation

Question 32

A pharmaceutical preparation of dosage formulation under reconstitution.

Answer 32

Suspension

Question 33

What is the new expiration if the reconstituted medicine if it is refrigerated?

Answer 33

14 days from the day it was reconstituted

Question 34

What is the new expiration if the reconstituted medicine if it is non refrigerated?

Answer 34

7 days from the day it was reconstituted

Question 35

For standard purposes, most regulations required that active ingredients of Compound Sterile Products, with its strength and total volume, be in boldface and larger than the rest of the label information.

Question 36

It is crucial in the dispensing process to assure rational use of medicine.

Answer 36

Labeling

Question 37

It is defined as a record of information on a patient’s drug therapy. It is a current list of all medications prescribed for an individual, any allergies the individual has, and any information relevant to an individual’s ability to take medication safely.

Answer 37

Patient Medication Profile

Question 38

It is a comprehensive, systemically-derived list of regularly used medications, both prescription and nonprescription agents.

Answer 38

Patient Medication Profile

Question 39

These are important in preventing prescription errors and consequent risks in patients.

Answer 39

Medication histories

Question 40

It refers to the medical issue that the patient has for the visit.

Answer 40

Chief Complaint (CC)

Question 41

It is the story of illness. Its goal is to ascertain a complete, accurate, and chronological account of the illness from the patient.

Answer 41

History of Present Illness

Question 42

It includes chronic and past acute medical medications, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis and asthma, and etc.

Answer 42

Past Medical History

Question 43

It should include the type of operation undertaken, when it was undertaken, and the indication for the operation.

Answer 43

Surgical history

Question 44

Among those pointed out are measles, mumps, chickenpox, whooping cough, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever and polio.

Answer 44

Childhood Illnesses

Question 45

It includes the number of pregnancies, even the deliveries, miscarriages, and terminations.

Answer 45

Obstetric/Gynecologic History

Question 46

These include information on what immunizations the patient has received.

Answer 46

Health Maintenance/Immunizations

Question 47

It refers to the health information on the patient’s immediate relatives.

Answer 47

Family history

Question 48

It is the part of interview where we learn about the patient’s life, including health behaviors and personal choices.

Answer 48

Personal and Social History

Question 49

It is a systematic, head-to-toe evaluation of the presence or absence of symptoms.

Answer 49

Review of Systems

Question 50

Information needed in taking medication history

Answer 50

Medication Name Strength and Dose Indication Frequency Timing Medication Adherence Adverse Reactions Past Medication Use Allergies

Question 51

Pharmacists should protect their patient's health by being vaccine advocates.

Answer 51

Guideline 1 - Prevention

Question 52

three levels of involvement in vaccine advocacy

Answer 52

as educator as facilitator as immunizer

Question 53

Pharmacists who administer immunizations do so in partnership with their community.

Answer 53

Guideline 2 - Partnership

Question 54

Pharmacists must achieve and maintain competence to administer immunizations.

Answer 54

Guideline 3 - Quality

Question 55

Pharmacists should document immunizations fully and report clinically significant events appropriateLy.

Answer 55

Guideline 4 - Documentation

Question 56

Pharmacists should educate patients about immunizations and respect patients' rights.

Answer 56

Guideline 5 - Empowerment

Question 57

began in July 1979, focuses on children as a response to the Universal Child Immunization goal in 1986.

Answer 57

Expanded Program in Immunization (EPI)

Question 58

Events, CPDs, and developments in the Pharmacy profession in the Philippines

Answer 58

Philippine Pharmacists Association

Question 59

Local outbreaks, government health programs, and official announcements

Answer 59

Department of Health

Question 60

Product registration status, recall, regulation of establishments and other important announcements.

Answer 60

Philippine Food and Drug Administration

Question 61

Updated overall situation, International guidelines and recommendations for managing outbreaks and pandemics

Answer 61

World Health Organization

Question 62

Updated information on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, as well as important vaccine information

Answer 62

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Immunization Action Coalition (IAC)

Question 63

Current recommendations on the use of vaccines in the US; immunization schedules

Answer 63

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

Question 64

It is an event associated with the use of medicine that should be preventable through effective control system.

Answer 64

Medication Error

Question 65

Their definition of medication includes error includes prescribing, dispensing, medication administration and patient compliance errors.

Answer 65

American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)

Question 66

Incorrect drug selection, dose, dosage form, quantity, route, concentration, rate of administration, or instructions by physician

Answer 66

Prescribing Errors

Question 67

Failure to administer the prescribed drug/dose to a patient

Answer 67

Omission Errors

Question 68

Deviation from the prescribing timing of an ordered drug

Answer 68

Wrong Time Errors

Question 69

It is the giving of drug dose not authorized for a particular patient. It includes error as the administration of drug to a wrong patient, duplication of doses or intake of an unordered drug.

Answer 69

Unauthorized drug Error

Question 70

Administration of dose that is greater (overdose) or less (sub-therapeutic) than the amount prescribed.

Answer 70

Improper Dose Error

Question 71

Administration of drug product in a different dosage form from that prescribed

Answer 71

Wrong Dosage Form Error

Question 72

Drug Product incorrectly formulated or manipulated before administration

Answer 72

Wrong Drug Preparation Error

Question 73

Inappropriate procedure or improper technique in the administration of the drug

Answer 73

Wrong Administration or Technique Error

Question 74

Administration of a drug that has expired or whose physical or chemical dosage form integrity has been compromised

Answer 74

Deteriorated Drug Error

Question 75

Failure to review a prescribed regimen for appropriateness or failure to assess response to prescribed therapy

Answer 75

Monitoring Error

Question 76

Failure of the patient to adhere to the prescribed medication regimen

Answer 76

Compliance error

Question 77

Any Error that doesn't fall into any of the above categories.

Answer 77

Other Medication errors

Question 78

A. Circumstances or events that have capacity to cause error

Answer 78

No Error

Question 79

An Error Occurred but the error did not reach the patient

Answer 79

Error, No Harm

Question 80

An Error occurred that reach the patient but did not cause patient harm

Answer 80

Error, No Harm

Question 81

An Error occurred that reach the patient and require monitoring to confirm that it resulted in no harm to the patient and or required intervention to preclude harm

Answer 81

Error, No Harm

Question 82

An Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in temporary harm to the patient and required intervention

Answer 82

Error, Harm

Question 83

An Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in temporary harm to the patient and required initial

Answer 83

Error, Harm

Question 84

An Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in permanent patient harm

Answer 84

Error, Harm

Question 85

An Error occurred that required intervention necessary to sustain life

Answer 85

Error, Harm

Question 86

An error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in the patient’s Death

Answer 86

Error, Death

Question 87

5Rs

Answer 87

Right patient, Right drug, Right dose, Right route, Right Time

Question 88

Percentage of adults allergic to one or more medications

Answer 88

5%

Question 89

an injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug and includes ADRs, but also includes preventable reactions, including those caused by human error

Answer 89

Adverse Drug Event

Question 90

a response to a drug that is noxious and unintended, and that occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiological function

Answer 90

Adverse Drug Reactions

Question 91

reactions which occur or arise from the known pharmacological action of a drug in the usual therapeutic doses. it is common, predictable, dose-related

Answer 91

Type A Reactions (Augmented)

Question 92

It is related to pharmacological activity of the drug. (subtype of type a reactions)

Answer 92

Extension Effects

Question 93

It is unrelated to pharmacological activity of the drug (subtype of type a reactions)

Answer 93

Side Effects

Question 94

totally abnormal effects and unrelated to the known therapeutic or pharmacologic actions of a drug. uncommon, unpredictable, not dose-dependent, not related to pharmacological action

Answer 94

Type B Reaction (Bizarre)

Question 95

genetically-determined reactions (subtype of type b reactions)

Answer 95

Idiosyncracy

Question 96

Immune responses to environmental antigens resulting in symptomatic reactions upon secondary exposure to the same antigen, more commonly referred to as allergen.

Answer 96

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Question 97

most common category of allergic reaction occurs after antigen (e.g. pollen) binds onto IgE found on the surfaces of mast cells

Answer 97

Type I (Intermediate or Anaphylactic Immune Response)

Question 98

initiated by antibody (IgG or IgM) directed against antigens found on the cell membrane of a given target cell (e.g. leukocytes, erythrocytes) complement mediated lysis

Answer 98

Type II (Cytotoxic reactions)

Question 99

tissue deposition of antigen-antibody complexes with complement activation and tissue damage

Answer 99

Type III (Immune Complex Hypersensitivity)

Question 100

T-lymphocytes sensitized by an antigen release lymphokines after subsequent contact with the same antigen ▪ lymphokines induce inflammation and activate macrophages

Answer 100

Type IV (Cell-Mediated or Delayed Type)

Question 101

uncommon • long-term effects, dose- & time-related & duration of treatment • associated with the cumulative dose of the drug

Answer 101

Type C Reactions (Continuous)

Question 102

Condition where a person takes a drug compulsively, despite potential harm to themselves, or their desire to stop.

Answer 102

Addiction

Question 103

compulsion to take the drug repeatedly & experiences unpleasant symptoms if discontinued.

Answer 103

Dependence

Question 104

Altered physiological state produced by repeated drug administration ➢ The body performs normally in presence of the drug ➢ Removal of drug leads to withdrawal ➢ It is NOT addiction

Answer 104

Physical Dependence

Question 105

occurs when a drug has been used habitually & the mind has become emotionally reliant on its effects, either to elicit pleasure or relieve pain and does not feel capable of functioning without it.

Answer 105

Psychological Dependence

Question 106

reduced effect with repeated use of drug; need for higher doses to produce the same effect.

Answer 106

Tolerance

Question 107

reactions are manifested long after drug exposure

Answer 107

Type D Reactions (Delayed)

Question 108

Ability of any substance to cause or induce cancer.

Answer 108

Carcinogenicity

Question 109

ability of any substance to cause congenital malformations or birth defects

Answer 109

Teratogenicity

Question 110

increased risk of developing vaginal adenocarcinoma syndrome

Answer 110

Diethylstilbestrol

Question 111

Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome

Answer 111

Phenytoin

Question 112

8th nerve damage

Answer 112

Streptomycin

Question 113

discoloration & defects of teeth & altered bone growth

Answer 113

Tetracyclines

Question 114

unusual reactions that result from termination or sudden discontinuation of the drug (withdrawal syndromes) ❑ uncommon ❑ withdrawal symptoms ❑ generally occur shortly after stopping the drug

Answer 114

Type E Reactions (End of Use)

Question 115

unexpected failureof efficacy ❑ common ❑ dose-related

Answer 115

Type F Reactions (Failure of Efficacy)

Question 116

Scope of work of pharmacists including promotion of healthy lifestyle, vaccination administration, and health education

Answer 116

Health Promotion

Question 117

Scope of work of pharmacists including advice on vitamins, minerals and other supplements and their proper use

Answer 117

Disease prevention

Question 118

Scope of work of pharmacists including assessment of patient, choice of right product for minor ailments

Answer 118

Rational OTC recommendations

Question 119

Scope of work of pharmacists including check for correctness, accuracy and completeness of information on the prescription

Answer 119

Prescription Analysis

Question 120

Scope of work of pharmacists including analysis of prescription for appropriateness, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, precautions and other or important considerations

Answer 120

Medication reviewe

Question 121

Scope of work of pharmacists including checking and comparing medicines taken by patient with all the medicines the patient is supposed to take, check for duplication, interaction, discontinuation, and ensuring correctness of the medicines the patient is taking

Answer 121

Medicine Reconciliation

Question 122

Scope of work of pharmacists including provision of advice to the patient/caregiver regarding the instructions on the proper use of medicine, precautions while taking, ways to avoid adverse drug reactions and interactions, and reason why medication adherence is important.

Answer 122

Medication Counseling

Question 123

Scope of work of pharmacists including suggesting ways to improve patient’s adherence to their medications

Answer 123

Medication Adherence Monitoring

Question 124

Scope of work of pharmacists including provides disease-specific management of medicines for a specific patient which include review, reconciliation, and interventions for drug-related problems.

Answer 124

Medication Therapy Management

Question 125

Scope of work of pharmacists which provides answers to medicine and health related queries from health professionals, patients and other clients

Answer 125

Drug Information Service

Question 126

Scope of work of pharmacists which refers patients to consult a physician, another health care worker, clinic or hospital in the nearby vicinity.

Answer 126

Referral to Physicians, other Health Professionals and Health Facilities