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DISPENSING > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

It involves proper preparation and labeling of medicines for patients.

A

Dispensing Process

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2
Q

It is one of the major cause of medication errors

A

Dispensing Process

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3
Q

It refers to a display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon the immediate container of the drug product and a requirement set by the FDA.

A

Label

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4
Q

It refers to the label in the immediate container, and the other printed materials that are made available with the product at the time of purchase and/or what protects the product.

A

Labeling materials

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5
Q

The DOH has issued requirements for labeling materials through what AO

A

Administrative Order No.55 s.1988

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6
Q

Generic name shall be the one with the highest point size among the printed elements on the label.

A

If the product is identified by a brand name, it shall be one-point bigger but in the same typeface, font, and color as the brand name and shall appear immediately above the latter.

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7
Q

It refers to the identification of drugs and medicines by their scientifically and internationally recognized active ingredient.

A

Generic Name

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8
Q

It refers to the proprietary/trade name assigned to the product by the drug establishment.

A

Brand Name

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9
Q

It refers to the classification of the product based on its therapeutic action as specified in the product registration.

A

Pharmacologic Category

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10
Q

It refers to the name(s) of active medicinal ingredient per dosage unit expressed in the metric system.

A

Formulation

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11
Q

It refers to the approved critical use of the product based on substantial and scientifically supported evidence of the safety and efficacy of the drug in the given dosage form.

A

Indication

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12
Q

It means the pharmaceutical form of the preparation based on official pharmacopoeia.

A

Dosage Form

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13
Q

It refers to the site and manner the product is to be introduced into or applied to the body.

A

Mode of Administration

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14
Q

It refers to the statements regarding the occurrence of potential hazards and side effects as associated with the use of the product and the limitation of its use.

A

Contraindications

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15
Q

It refers to statements regarding the conditions wherein the use of the product may cause harm to the patient.

A

Warnings

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16
Q

It refers to instructions and special care required to use the products to avoid undesired effects and ensure the safe and effective use of the drug.

A

Precautions

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17
Q

For products other than biological products, it means the date (month and year) during which processing of the bulk product, from which the goods are to be filled, is completed.

A

Date of Manufacture

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18
Q

It refers to any distinctive combination of letters and/or numbers assigned to a particular batch.

It permits the production history of the batch including all stages of manufacture and control, to be traced and reviewed.

A

Batch number

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19
Q

It refers to any distinctive combination of letters and/or numbers assigned to a particular lot, herein defined as a portion of the batch.

A

Lot number

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20
Q

It refers to the date after which the product is not expected to retain its claimed safety, efficacy, and quality or potency or after which it is not permissible to sell, distribute, or use said product.

A

Expiration date

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21
Q

It refers to the total amount/quantity/number of the dosage form in a particular container of a product expressed in the metric system.

A

Net content

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22
Q

It refers to the prevailing specified range of temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors within which optimal stability of the product is ensured based on laboratory data.

A

Storage condition

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23
Q

The Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the Generic Labeling Requirements of Drug Products for Human Use

A

Administrative Order No. 2016-0008

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24
Q

Current guidelines on labeling for dispensed medicine can be found under:

A

Section 36 of Article II Republic Act 1098 or the Philippine Pharmacy Act

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25
Q

Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008

A

Republic Act 9502

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26
Q

These are used in pharmacy and drugstore setting as needed for dispensed individually or loose medicines.

A

White and Red Labels

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27
Q

Are usually used to label loose capsules and tablets, suspensions, etc. that are taken orally.

A

White labels

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28
Q

Are used to label compounded medicines that are externally used.

A

Red Labels

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29
Q

They go together as part of Good Compounding Practice (GCP)

A

Packaging and Labeling

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30
Q

The new expiration date or beyond-use date of bottles.

A

6 months from the date the bottle was opened

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31
Q

It must be always observed to avoid contamination/cross-contamination of products to be prepared.

A

Sanitation

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32
Q

A pharmaceutical preparation of dosage formulation under reconstitution.

A

Suspension

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33
Q

What is the new expiration if the reconstituted medicine if it is refrigerated?

A

14 days from the day it was reconstituted

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34
Q

What is the new expiration if the reconstituted medicine if it is non refrigerated?

A

7 days from the day it was reconstituted

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35
Q

For standard purposes, most regulations required that active ingredients of Compound Sterile Products, with its strength and total volume, be in boldface and larger than the rest of the label information.

A
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36
Q

It is crucial in the dispensing process to assure rational use of medicine.

A

Labeling

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37
Q

It is defined as a record of information on a patient’s drug therapy.

It is a current list of all medications prescribed for an individual, any allergies the individual has, and any information relevant to an individual’s ability to take medication safely.

A

Patient Medication Profile

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38
Q

It is a comprehensive, systemically-derived list of regularly used medications, both prescription and nonprescription agents.

A

Patient Medication Profile

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39
Q

These are important in preventing prescription errors and consequent risks in patients.

A

Medication histories

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40
Q

It refers to the medical issue that the patient has for the visit.

A

Chief Complaint (CC)

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41
Q

It is the story of illness. Its goal is to ascertain a complete, accurate, and chronological account of the illness from the patient.

A

History of Present Illness

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42
Q

It includes chronic and past acute medical medications, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis and asthma, and etc.

A

Past Medical History

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43
Q

It should include the type of operation undertaken, when it was undertaken, and the indication for the operation.

A

Surgical history

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44
Q

Among those pointed out are measles, mumps, chickenpox, whooping cough, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever and polio.

A

Childhood Illnesses

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45
Q

It includes the number of pregnancies, even the deliveries, miscarriages, and terminations.

A

Obstetric/Gynecologic History

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46
Q

These include information on what immunizations the patient has received.

A

Health Maintenance/Immunizations

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47
Q

It refers to the health information on the patient’s immediate relatives.

A

Family history

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48
Q

It is the part of interview where we learn about the patient’s life, including health behaviors and personal choices.

A

Personal and Social History

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49
Q

It is a systematic, head-to-toe evaluation of the presence or absence of symptoms.

A

Review of Systems

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50
Q

Information needed in taking medication history

A

Medication Name
Strength and Dose
Indication
Frequency
Timing
Medication Adherence
Adverse Reactions
Past Medication Use
Allergies

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51
Q

Pharmacists should protect their patient’s health by being vaccine advocates.

A

Guideline 1 - Prevention

52
Q

three levels of involvement in vaccine advocacy

A

as educator
as facilitator
as immunizer

53
Q

Pharmacists who administer immunizations do so in partnership with their community.

A

Guideline 2 - Partnership

54
Q

Pharmacists must achieve and maintain competence to administer immunizations.

A

Guideline 3 - Quality

55
Q

Pharmacists should document immunizations fully and report clinically significant events appropriateLy.

A

Guideline 4 - Documentation

56
Q

Pharmacists should educate patients about immunizations and respect patients’ rights.

A

Guideline 5 - Empowerment

57
Q

began in July 1979, focuses on children as a response to the Universal Child Immunization goal in 1986.

A

Expanded Program in Immunization (EPI)

58
Q

Events, CPDs, and developments in the Pharmacy profession in the Philippines

A

Philippine Pharmacists Association

59
Q

Local outbreaks, government health programs, and official announcements

A

Department of Health

60
Q

Product registration status, recall, regulation of establishments and other important announcements.

A

Philippine Food and Drug Administration

61
Q

Updated overall situation, International guidelines and recommendations for managing outbreaks and pandemics

A

World Health Organization

62
Q

Updated information on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, as well as important vaccine information

A

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Immunization Action Coalition (IAC)

63
Q

Current recommendations on the use of vaccines in the US; immunization schedules

A

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

64
Q

It is an event associated with the use of medicine that should be preventable through effective control system.

A

Medication Error

65
Q

Their definition of medication includes error includes prescribing, dispensing, medication administration and patient compliance errors.

A

American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)

66
Q

Incorrect drug selection, dose, dosage form, quantity, route, concentration, rate of administration, or instructions by physician

A

Prescribing Errors

67
Q

Failure to administer the prescribed drug/dose to a patient

A

Omission Errors

68
Q

Deviation from the prescribing timing of an ordered drug

A

Wrong Time Errors

69
Q

It is the giving of drug dose not authorized for a particular patient. It includes error as the administration of drug to a wrong patient, duplication of doses or intake of an unordered drug.

A

Unauthorized drug Error

70
Q

Administration of dose that is greater (overdose) or less (sub-therapeutic) than the amount prescribed.

A

Improper Dose Error

71
Q

Administration of drug product in a different dosage form from that prescribed

A

Wrong Dosage Form Error

72
Q

Drug Product incorrectly formulated or manipulated before administration

A

Wrong Drug Preparation Error

73
Q

Inappropriate procedure or improper technique in the administration of the drug

A

Wrong Administration or Technique Error

74
Q

Administration of a drug that has expired or whose physical or chemical dosage form integrity has been compromised

A

Deteriorated Drug Error

75
Q

Failure to review a prescribed regimen for appropriateness or failure to assess response to prescribed therapy

A

Monitoring Error

76
Q

Failure of the patient to adhere to the prescribed medication regimen

A

Compliance error

77
Q

Any Error that doesn’t fall into any of the above categories.

A

Other Medication errors

78
Q

A. Circumstances or events that have capacity to cause error

A

No Error

79
Q

An Error Occurred but the error did not reach the patient

A

Error, No Harm

80
Q

An Error occurred that reach the patient but did not cause
patient harm

A

Error, No Harm

81
Q

An Error occurred that reach the patient and require monitoring to confirm that it resulted in no harm to the patient and or required intervention to preclude harm

A

Error, No Harm

82
Q

An Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in temporary harm to the patient and required intervention

A

Error, Harm

83
Q

An Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in temporary harm to the patient and required initial

A

Error, Harm

84
Q

An Error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in permanent patient harm

A

Error, Harm

85
Q

An Error occurred that required intervention necessary to sustain life

A

Error, Harm

86
Q

An error occurred that may have contributed to or resulted in the patient’s Death

A

Error, Death

87
Q

5Rs

A

Right patient, Right drug, Right dose, Right route, Right Time

88
Q

Percentage of adults allergic to one or more medications

A

5%

89
Q

an injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug and includes ADRs, but also includes preventable reactions, including those caused by human error

A

Adverse Drug Event

90
Q

a response to a drug that is noxious and unintended, and that occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiological function

A

Adverse Drug Reactions

91
Q

reactions which occur or arise from the known pharmacological action of a drug in the usual therapeutic doses.

it is common, predictable, dose-related

A

Type A Reactions (Augmented)

92
Q

It is related to pharmacological activity of the drug.

(subtype of type a reactions)

A

Extension Effects

93
Q

It is unrelated to pharmacological activity of the drug
(subtype of type a reactions)

A

Side Effects

94
Q

totally abnormal effects and unrelated to the known therapeutic or pharmacologic actions of a drug.

uncommon, unpredictable, not dose-dependent, not related to pharmacological action

A

Type B Reaction (Bizarre)

95
Q

genetically-determined reactions
(subtype of type b reactions)

A

Idiosyncracy

96
Q

Immune responses to environmental antigens resulting in symptomatic reactions upon secondary exposure to the same antigen, more commonly referred to as allergen.

A

Hypersensitivity Reactions

97
Q

most common category of allergic reaction

occurs after antigen (e.g. pollen) binds onto IgE found on the surfaces of mast cells

A

Type I (Intermediate or Anaphylactic Immune Response)

98
Q

initiated by antibody (IgG or IgM) directed against antigens found on the cell membrane of a given target cell (e.g. leukocytes, erythrocytes) complement mediated lysis

A

Type II (Cytotoxic reactions)

99
Q

tissue deposition of antigen-antibody complexes with complement activation and tissue damage

A

Type III (Immune Complex Hypersensitivity)

100
Q

T-lymphocytes sensitized by an antigen release lymphokines after subsequent contact with the same antigen
▪ lymphokines induce inflammation and activate macrophages

A

Type IV (Cell-Mediated or Delayed Type)

101
Q

uncommon

• long-term effects, dose- & time-related & duration of treatment

• associated with the cumulative dose of the drug

A

Type C Reactions (Continuous)

102
Q

Condition where a person takes a drug compulsively, despite potential harm to themselves, or their desire to stop.

A

Addiction

103
Q

compulsion to take the drug repeatedly & experiences unpleasant symptoms if discontinued.

A

Dependence

104
Q

Altered physiological state produced by repeated drug administration

➢ The body performs normally in presence of the drug
➢ Removal of drug leads to withdrawal
➢ It is NOT addiction

A

Physical Dependence

105
Q

occurs when a drug has been used habitually & the mind has become emotionally reliant on its effects, either to elicit pleasure or relieve pain and does not feel capable of functioning without it.

A

Psychological Dependence

106
Q

reduced effect with repeated use of drug; need for higher doses to produce the same effect.

A

Tolerance

107
Q

reactions are manifested long after drug exposure

A

Type D Reactions (Delayed)

108
Q

Ability of any substance to cause or induce cancer.

A

Carcinogenicity

109
Q

ability of any substance to cause congenital malformations or birth defects

A

Teratogenicity

110
Q

increased risk of developing vaginal adenocarcinoma syndrome

A

Diethylstilbestrol

111
Q

Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome

A

Phenytoin

112
Q

8th nerve damage

A

Streptomycin

113
Q

discoloration & defects of teeth & altered bone growth

A

Tetracyclines

114
Q

unusual reactions that result from termination or sudden discontinuation of the drug (withdrawal syndromes)
❑ uncommon
❑ withdrawal symptoms
❑ generally occur shortly after stopping the drug

A

Type E Reactions (End of Use)

115
Q

unexpected failureof efficacy
❑ common
❑ dose-related

A

Type F Reactions (Failure of Efficacy)

116
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including promotion of healthy lifestyle, vaccination administration, and health education

A

Health Promotion

117
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including advice on vitamins, minerals and other supplements and their proper use

A

Disease prevention

118
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including assessment of patient, choice of right product for minor ailments

A

Rational OTC recommendations

119
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including check for correctness, accuracy and completeness of information on the prescription

A

Prescription Analysis

120
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including analysis of prescription for appropriateness, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, precautions and other or important considerations

A

Medication reviewe

121
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including checking and comparing medicines taken by patient with all the medicines the patient is supposed to take, check for duplication, interaction, discontinuation, and ensuring correctness of the medicines the patient is taking

A

Medicine Reconciliation

122
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including provision of advice to the patient/caregiver regarding the instructions on the proper use of medicine, precautions while taking, ways to avoid adverse drug reactions and interactions, and reason why medication adherence is important.

A

Medication Counseling

123
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including suggesting ways to improve patient’s adherence to their medications

A

Medication Adherence Monitoring

124
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists including provides disease-specific management of medicines for a specific patient which include review, reconciliation, and interventions for drug-related problems.

A

Medication Therapy Management

125
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists which provides answers to medicine and health related queries from health professionals, patients and other clients

A

Drug Information Service

126
Q

Scope of work of pharmacists which refers patients to consult a physician,
another health care worker, clinic or hospital in the nearby vicinity.

A

Referral to Physicians, other Health Professionals and Health Facilities

DISPENSING (2 decks)

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