Finals

Question 1

The 2 main types of signals used in electronics

Answer 1

Analog and Digital Signal

Question 2

A signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete values

Answer 2

Digital

Question 3

An electromagnetic or electrical current that carries data from one system or network to another

Answer 3

Signal

Question 4

A signal that represents data as a sequence of continuous values. Are often calculated responses to change in light, sound, temp, position, pressure or other physical phenomena.

Answer 4

Analog signals

Question 5

A critical components in analog electronics. A type of analog electronic component that amplifies the difference in voltage between two input terminals.
A fundamental building blocks in electronics

Answer 5

OP amps/Operational Amplifiers

Question 6

State the fundamental components of analog circuits

Answer 6

Resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers.

Question 7

Comonly used for signal amplification

Answer 7

Amplifiers

Question 8

Configured to produce oscillations

Answer 8

Oscillators

Question 9

Used in voltage regulation circuit

Answer 9

Voltage Regulators

Question 10

Used to compare two input voltages

Answer 10

Comparators

Question 11

Give 5 examples of advantages of analog signals

Answer 11

Easy to process

Best suited for audio and video transmission

Have higher density n can present more refined information

Use less bandwidth than digital signals

Provides more accurate representation of changes in physics phenomena, such as sound and light.

Less sensitive in terms of electrical tolerance

Question 12

Give 3 disadvantages of analog signals

Answer 12

Prone to generation loss
Susceptible to noise and distortion
Generate lower quality signals than digital
Data transmission at long distances can create signal disturbances

Question 13

3 disadvantages of digital signals

Answer 13

More complicated to design
Too Reliant on a higher bandwidth
Compromised more top internal hardware resources

Question 14

In digital signals, what are the physical quantity representing the information?

Answer 14

Variable electric current or voltage
Phase or polarization of an electromagnetic field
Acoustic pressure
Magnetization of a magnetic storage media

Question 15

What are the values displayed by digital signals

Answer 15

1s and 0s

Question 16

Two basic kinds of analog transmission

Answer 16

Amplitude modulation AM
Frequency modulation FM

Question 17

Ways analog transmission is achieved

Answer 17

Through twisted pair or coaxial cable
Thru optical fiber cable
Thru radio
Thru water

Question 18

A type of circuit that use binary scheme

Answer 18

Digital circuit

Question 19

The largest number a 16-bit system can represent is

Answer 19

65,536 = 2^16

Question 20

In digital signals, transferrable data is represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as _____________?

Answer 20

Microwave
Radio wave
Electrical voltage
Infrared signal

Question 21

A specialized microprocessor chip that performs digital signal processing operations.

Answer 21

Digital signal processor/ DSP

Question 22

It is used to measure, filter, or compress continuous real-world analog signals

Answer 22

DSP

Question 23

State 3 characteristics of digital signals

Answer 23

Discrete
Noise immune
Has wide range of applications

Question 24

State 3 characteristics of analog signals

Answer 24

Continuous
Flexible
Bandwidth efficient

Question 25

Advantages of digital signals

Answer 25

Can convey info with less noise, distortion and interference Can be transmitted over long distances Can easily be stored on any magnetic media or optical media using semiconductor chips Can be low cost More accurate and can be programmable to reduce error More secure and can be encrypted

Question 26

Give 6 application of analog signals

Answer 26

Audio recording and reproduction Temperature sensor Image sensor Radio signals Telephone Control system

Question 27

Application of OP AMPs

Answer 27

Amplification Filtering Signal conditioning Mathematical operation

Question 28

Key Characteristics of OP AMPs

Answer 28

High Open-Loop gain Differential input Input output impedances Common-mode rejection ratio

Question 29

OP AMP CONFIGURATION

Answer 29

Inverting amplifier Non-inverting amplifier Difference amplifier Integrator and differentiator

Question 30

Practical Consideration using OP AMP

Answer 30

Power supply requirements Slew rate Temperature stability Power supply limitations Common-mode rejection ratio

Question 31

Ideal characteristic of OP AMP

Answer 31

Infinite input impedance Zero output impedance Infinite open-loop gain Zero input offset voltage

Question 32

Application of OP AMP in electronic circuits

Answer 32

Amplifiers Filters Oscillator Comparators Instrumentation amplifier Voltage regulators

Question 33

Primary characteristic of OP AMPs wherein its exceptionally high open-loop voltage gain. Which is useful in amplification

Answer 33

High Open-Loop Gain

Question 34

Two inputs of Op amps

Answer 34

Inverting and non-inverting

Question 35

The output voltage is proportional to the difference in voltage between these inputs

Answer 35

Differential inputs

Question 36

Outpit impedance is ideally ______

Answer 36

Zero

Question 37

An OP amp ability to reject common mode signals

Answer 37

Common-mode rejection ratio

Question 38

The maximum rate of change of the output voltage per unit of time.

Answer 38

Slew Rate

Question 39

The performance of OP amps can be affected by ______________

Answer 39

Temperature variations

Question 40

The ability of Op amp to reject common-mode signals(signals that are the same at both input)

Answer 40

Common-Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR)