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Public Health Final > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a correct metric of the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries today?

A

it is estimated that 33% have the bacteria in their bodies

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2
Q

Which of the following ideal criteria for elimination of a disease is addressed by the following statement: Hepatitis B can survive for extended periods of time in contaminated needles?

A

Short persistence in environment

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3
Q

Select the criteria that affect a diseases transmission rate.

A

-route of transmission
-period of communicability
-whether there is a vaccination program in place
-antibiotic resistance of the organism
-effectiveness of barriers such as masks or condoms

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4
Q

Mumps has an R0 of 10 meaning that:

A

on average, a person with mumps will infect 10 other people

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5
Q

Which of the following diseases is the least likely to be eradicated?

A

Influenza

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6
Q

Which of the following has been successfully used to control communicable diseases?

A

-case finding and contract tracing
-isolation
-epidemiological treatment/treatment based upon exposure
ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT

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7
Q

malaria

A

mosquito netting

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8
Q

sexually transmitted diseases

A

condoms

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9
Q

influenza

A

masks

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10
Q

blood-borne pathogens

A

latex gloves

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11
Q

mercury contamination of the Great Lakes represents which type of physical environment?

A

altered environment

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12
Q

volcanoes represent which type of physical environment?

A

Unaltered or natural environment

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13
Q

a chemical is absorbed through the digestive tract but not through the skin. this is an example of which of the following factors that affect the impact of an exposure?

A

route of exposure

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14
Q

chemical X is released from a plastics factory into the municipal water system, where it enters a small river and is ingested by fish and reduces their reproduction rate. Which of the following approaches to environmental problems does this represent?

A

ecological assessment

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15
Q

chemical X, which is used in the manufacturing of plastics, is found to double the frequency of asthma when inhaled for more than 2 hours a day at levels more than 2 parts per million. this is an example of which of the following approaches to environmental problems?

A

risk assessment

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16
Q

all of the following are true of lead as an environmental hazard, EXCEPT:

A

paint in homes is no longer a source of lead exposure because lead is no longer allowed in paint

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17
Q

which of the following are true about intentional and unintentional injuries? select all correct responses.

A

-it is estimated that 1 person dies every 3 minutes due to violence or injury in the US
-intentional injuries include both self inflicted injuries and violence against others
-motor vehicle collisions are considered unintentional injuries
which of the following are true about intentional and unintentional injuries?

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18
Q

motor vehicle injuries occur as a result of which type of physical environment?

A

built environment

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19
Q

all of the following characterize the Flexner era in medical education, EXCEPT:

A

prevention and public health were important components of the curriculum

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20
Q

a utrgv student is feeling sick and goes to the student health center to see a doctor, nurse practitioner or physician assistant for diagnosis and treatment

A

primary care

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21
Q

your family practice doctor refers you to a cardiologist because you have an arrhythmia

A

secondary care

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22
Q

a woman with breast cancer is referred to a cancer treatment center

A

secondary care

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23
Q

a local hospital is designated as a regional trauma center

A

tertiary care

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24
Q

a legal document granted by a governmental authority that provides permission to engage in an activity such as the practice of a health profession is an example of:

A

licensure

25
Q

all of the following are true of public health professions, EXCEPT:

A

graduate public health degrees require previous graduate credentials such as medicine, nursing, or law

26
Q

________ is a process applied to educational institutions and healthcare institutions to define and enforce required structures, processes, and outcomes

A

accreditation

27
Q

a nongovernmental process designed to ensure the competence of individual health professionals based upon completion of educational requirements and performance on an examination or other evaluation procedure is an example of which of the following?

A

certification

28
Q

which of the following is true of primary care in the United States?

A

there are approximately two specialty physicians for every primary care physician in the united states

29
Q

which of the following is NOT true of the ideal of primary care in the United States?

A

it aims to replace specialty care

30
Q

yearly publication of data on life expectancy is an example of which of the following essential public health services?

A

monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems

31
Q

which of the following federal agencies is the consumer protection agency with authority for safety of foods and efficacy of drugs?

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

32
Q

a health department is responsible for oversight of a community-wide effort that requires testing and follow-up of all newborns for a genetic disease. This is an example of which of the following essential public health services?

A

Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts

33
Q

which of the following federal agencies is the lead search agency that also funds training programs and communication of health information to the professional community and the public?

A

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

34
Q

a health department is responsible for licensure of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals. this is an example of which of the following essential public health services?

A

Assure a competent public and personal healthcare workforce.

35
Q

which of the following agencies is the lead agency for prevention, health data, epidemic investigation, and public health measures aimed at disease control and prevention?

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

36
Q

which of the following is true about global public health organizations?

A

-the world bank is the largest outside funder of health projects
-nongovernmental organizations play an active role in global health efforts
-public-private partnerships are increasingly providing innovative approaches to addressing global health issues
ALL ARE CORRECT

37
Q

which of the following is NOT true of community-oriented primary care?

A

it defines a community based exclusively on geography

38
Q

which of the following is true of local health departments?

A

-they all have the same structure and scope of responsibilities across the country
-they have defined constitutional responsibilities to provide for health services
-they serve as the primary organization for implementation of the right to health care
NONE OF THESE ARE CORRECT

39
Q

the epidemic intelligence service sends in a team of investigators to determine the cause of a recent increase in acute pneumonia. this is an example of which of the following essential public health services?

A

Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community

40
Q

FDA approval of a drug has all of the following implications, EXCEPT:

A

the drug is fee of life-threatening side effects

41
Q
A
42
Q

the primary goal of FDA phases 2 and 3 is to:

A

demonstrate that the drug has efficacy

43
Q

which of the following is not a regulatory agency, but establishes policy and makes recommendations for the united states?

A

Centers for Disease (CDC)

44
Q

which of the following is not a regulatory agency, but establishes policy and makes recommendations globally?

A

WHO (world health organization)

45
Q

which type of adverse effect is most likely to be reported as part of the spontaneous reporting system?

A

dramatic conditions occurring soon after the drug’s administration that rarely occur in clinical practice in the absence of the drug

46
Q

which of the following is the last step in an outbreak investigation?

A

Deciding that an outbreak is over

47
Q

all of the following are limitations of randomized controlled trials for the investigation of safety. EXCEPT:

A

serious side effects are often overlooked due to infrequent observation

48
Q

FDA requirements for efficacy need to be established based upon randomized controlled trials for all of the following types of products, EXCEPT:

A

dietary supplements

49
Q

which of the following is the first step in an outbreak investigation?

A

defining and finding cases

50
Q

which of the following is NOT true of the FDA use of animal testing of drugs?

A

absence of toxicity in animal testing has been shown to correlate very closely with the absence of toxicity in human studies

51
Q

which of the following most accurately describes the microbiological influences component of One health?

A

rna viruses have an increased probability of mutation compared to DNA viruses

52
Q

chicken pox is viewed as a lifelong disease that produces different manifestations at different ages. this is an example of which of the following uses of systems analysis.

A

utilize systems analysis to help understand the impact of a disease over the life span

53
Q

an investigator selects the known cause-and-effect relationships that bring about coronary artery disease and uses these to investigate how multiple interventions can be used together to reduce the incidence and improve the outcome of the disease. this is an example of which of the following approaches?

A

a combination of reductionist and systems thinking

54
Q

an investigator examines the factors that influence an outcome and creates a system diagram indicating the direction and magnitude of the impact of factors without requiring a demonstration of cause-and-effect relationships. this is an example of which of the following approaches?

A

integrative or systems thinking

55
Q

pregnant women are highly motivated to stop smoking. this can be best describes as an example of which of the following?

A

leverage point

56
Q

an investigator studies the etiology of a disease, taking into account or adjusting for potential confounding variables. this is an example of which of the following approaches?

A

reductionist thinking

57
Q

which of the following features distinguishes a system for a heap—i.ei., a collection of parts?

A

ALL OF THESE ARE CORRECT

58
Q

asbestos and radon exposure greatly increase the hazard of cigarette smoking. this can be best described as an example of which of the following?

A

multiplicative interaction

Public Health Final (1 decks)

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