Finals

Question 1

A 45 year old client makes clinical appointment for PAP smear test. The position of choice for the said test is:

A. Sims position
B. Lithotomy position
C. Supine position
D. Dorsal recumbent position

Answer 1

B. Lithotomy position

Question 2

A nurse has taught a client about dietary changes that can reduce the chances of developing cancer. What statement by the client indicates the nurse needs to provide additional teaching?

A. “Foods high in vitamin A and vitamin C are important.”
B. “I’ll have to cut down on the amount of the bacon I eat.”
C. “I am so glad I do not have to give up on my juicy steaks.”
D. “Vegetables, fruit and high fiber grains are important.”

Answer 2

C. “I am so glad I do not have to give up on my juicy steaks.”

Question 3

What should a male client over age of 52 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?

A. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5
years.
B. have a digital rectal exam and prostate specific antigen (PSA) done yearly
C. perform monthly testicular self-exam,
especially after age 50.
D. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels checked yearly.

Answer 3

B. have a digital rectal exam and prostate specific antigen (PSA) done yearly

Question 4

The nurse is instructing a client on how to perform breast self-examination
(BSE). Which techniques will the nurse include in teaching the client about BSE? Select all that apply.

A. Instruct the client to keep her arm by her side while performing the examination.
B. Ensure that the setting in which BSE is demonstrated is private and comfortable.
C. Ask the client to remove her shirt. the bra may be left in place.
D. Ask the client to demonstrate her own method of BSE.
E. Use the fingertips, which are more sensitive than the finger pads, to palpate the breast.

Answer 4

B. Ensure that the setting in which BSE is demonstrated is private and comfortable.

D. Ask the client to demonstrate her own method of BSE.

Question 5

Which of the following is the key to increasing the survival rate of clients with
lung cancer?

A. early bronchoscopy
B. early detection
C. high dose chemotherapy
D. smoking cessation

Answer 5

B. early detection

Question 6

With which male client will the nurse conduct prostate screening and education?

A. Young adult with a history of urinary tract
infection.
B. Client who has sustained injury to the external genitalia.
C. Adult who is older than 50 years old.
D. A sexually active client.

Answer 6

C. Adult who is older than 50 years old.

Question 7

The nurse suspects that which client has the highest risk for breast cancer?

A. older adult women with high breast density
B. nullipara older adult woman
C. obese older adult male with gynecomastia
D. middle-aged woman with high breast density

Answer 7

A. older adult women with high breast density

Question 8

A 35-year-old client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment findings suggests that
the client has developed stomatitis?

A. rust-colored sputum
B. yellow tooth discoloration
C. white cottage cheese-like patches in the tongue
D. red, open sores on the oral mucosa

Answer 8

D. red, open sores on the oral mucosa

Question 9

Human papilloma virus is known to be associated with:
A. lymphoma
B. cervical cancer
C. hepatocellular cancer
D. gastric cancer

Answer 9

B. cervical cancer

Question 10

The nurse includes which of the following in teaching regarding the warning
signs of cancer? Select all that apply.

A. persistent constipation
B. scab present for 6 months
C. curdlike vaginal discharge
D. axillary swelling
E. headache

Answer 10

A. persistent constipation
B. scab present for 6 months
D. axillary swelling

Question 11

When the nurse is counselling a 60-year-old African-American male client with all of the risk factors for lung cancer, teaching should focus MOST on which risk
factor?

A. tobacco use
B. ethnicity
C. gender
D. inceased age

Answer 11

A. tobacco use

Question 12

A client asks the nurse about early detection of breast masses. Which
statement by the nurse about early detection of breast masses is correct?

A. “A yearly breast examination by a health
care provider can substitute for breast self-examination (BSE).”
B. “Detection of breast cancer after axillary node invasion yields the same survival rate.”
C. “Mammography as a baseline screening is recommended by the American Cancer Society at 30 years of age.”
D. “The goal of screening for breast cancer is early detection because BSE does not prevent breast cancer.”

Answer 12

D. “The goal of screening for breast cancer is early detection because BSE does not prevent breast cancer.”

Question 13

Which of the following is a
characteristic of benign tumors?

A. invasive growth
B. immature, poorly differentiated tissue
C. presence of metastasis
D. fully differentiated tissue

Answer 13

D. fully differentiated tissue

Question 14

Which of the following has been identified as a potential risk factor for the
development of colon cancer?

A. chronic constipation
B. long term use of laxatives
C. history of smoking
D. history of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 14

D. history of inflammatory bowel disease

Question 15

A 52-year-old relates to the nurse that she has never had a mammogram because she is terrified that she will have cancer. Which response by the nurse is therapeutic?

A. “Don’t worry, most lumps are discovered by women during self-breast examination.”
B. “Does anyone in your family have breast
cancer?.”
C. “Finding a cancer in the early stages increases the chance for cure
D. “Have you noticed a lump or thickening in your breast?”.

Answer 15

C. “Finding a cancer in the early stages increases the chance for cure

Question 16

Which of the following is not a phase of the cell cycle?
A. gap phase
B. synthesis phase
C. proein phase
D. Gap 2 phase
E. mitosis phase

Answer 16

C. proein phase

Question 17

Nurse May is speaking to a group of women about early detection of breast cancer. The average age of the women in the group is 47. Which of the following
should be recommended to May?

A. perform breast self examination annualy
B. have a physician conduct a clinical examination every 2 years
C. have a mammography annually
D. have a hormonal receptor assay annually

Answer 17

C. have a mammography annually

Question 18

The nurse is giving health education on cancer prevention. Which statement by an older adult client indicates understanding of the nurse’s instruction?

A. “Cigarette smoking always cause lung cancer”.
B. “Taking multivitamins will prevent me from developing cancer”.
C. “If I have only one shot of whiskey a day, I probably will not develop cancer”.
D. “I need to report the pain going down my legs to my health care provider”.

Answer 18

D. “I need to report the pain going down my legs to my health care provider”.

Question 19

Mr. Eriksen has been diagnosed with bone cancer. You know this type of cancer is classified as:

A. Carcinoma
B. Lymphoma
C. Melanoma
D. Sarcoma

Answer 19

D. Sarcoma

Question 20

Apatient with ovarian cancer tells the nurse, I” don’t think my husband cares about me anymore. He rarely visits me.” On one occasion when the husband was present, he told the nurse he just could not stand to see his wife so ill and never knew what to say to her. An appropriate nursing diagnosis in this situation is

A. Risk for caregiver role strain related to burdens of caregiving responsibilities
B. Interrupted family processes related to the effect of illness on family members
C. Compromised family coping related to disruption in lifestyle and role changes
D. Impaired home maintenance related to perceived role changes

Answer 20

B. Interrupted family processes related to the effect of illness on family members

Question 21

Apatient receiving head and neck radiation and systemic chemotherapy has ulcerations over the oral mucosa and tongue and thick, ropey saliva. An appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach the patient is to

A. Rinse the mouth before and after each meal and at bedtime with a saline solution
B. Use cotton-tipped applicators dipped in hydrogen peroxide to clean the teeth
C. Gargle and rinse the mouth several times a day with an antiseptic
D. Remove food debris from the teeth and oral mucosa with a stiff toothbrush

Answer 21

A. Rinse the mouth before and after each meal and at bedtime with a saline solution

Question 22

Which statement below is an incorrect statement about cancer tumor staging?

A. Staging describes the main tumor’s location and size, and if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body like the lymph nodes or other organs.
B. It’s useful in developing a treatment plan and if the patient can participant in a clinical trial.
C. A cancer stage designated at the time of the cancer diagnosis can change overtime.
D. A CT scan, MRI, x-ray, and ultrasound can be used to help stage a cancer.

Answer 22

C. A cancer stage designated at the time of the cancer diagnosis can change overtime.

Question 23

A chemotherapeutic agent known to cause alopecia is prescribed for a patient. To maintain the patient’s self esteem, the nurse plans to

A. Suggest that the patient limit social contacts until regrowth of the hair occurs
B. Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins
C. Have the patient wash the hair gently with a mild shampoo to minimize hair loss
D. Inform the patient that hair loss will not be permanent and that the hair will grow back

Answer 23

B. Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins

Question 24

When assessing a lesion diagnosed as malignant melanoma, the nurse in charge most likely expects to note which of the following?

A. An irregular shaped lesion
B. A small papule with a dry, rough scale
C. A firm, nodular lesion topped with crust
D. A pearly papule with a central crater and a waxy border

Answer 24

A. An irregular shaped lesion

Question 25

David, a 25-year-old patient is inquiring about the methods or ways to detect cancer earlier. The nurse least likely identifies this method by stating:

A. Yearly physical and blood examination
B. Annual digital rectal examination for persons over age 40
C. Annual Pap smear for sexually active women only
D. Annual chest x-ray

Answer 25

C. Annual Pap smear for sexually active women only

Question 26

Reanna is a 28-year-old female patient who asks you when it best to perform a self-breast exam. Your response is the following:

A. It is best to perform a self breast exam 7 to 10 days after menses.
B. It is best to perform a self breast exam every 6 months on the 1st day of bleeding.
C. It is best to perform a self breast exam on the same time every month of the day.
D. It is best to perform a self-breast exam on the day after ovulation.

Answer 26

A. It is best to perform a self breast exam 7 to 10 days after menses.

Question 27

A 32-year-old male patient is to undergo radiation therapy to the pelvic area for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. He expresses concern to the nurse about the effect of chemotherapy on his sexual function. The best response by the nurse to the patient’s concerns is

A. “Radiation does not cause the problems with sexual functioning that occur with chemotherapy or surgical procedures used to treat
cancer
B. “It is possible you may have some changes in your sexual function, and you may want to consider pretreatment harvesting of sperm if you want children.
C. “The radiation will make you sterile, but your ability to have sexual intercourse will not be changed by the treatment.”
D. “You may have some temporary impotence during
the course of the radiation, but normal sexual function will return.”

Answer 27

B. “It is possible you may have some changes in your sexual function, and you may want to consider pretreatment harvesting of sperm if you want children.

Question 28

You are educating a group of young men on preventing testicular cancer. What is a correct statement by a participant regarding a testicular exam?

A. “The best time to perform a self-exam is after a shower.”
B. “The testicle should feel hard but firm.”
C. “The testicle may have minor lumps or swelling due to monthly hormonal changes.”
D. “I perform a self-testicular exam once every 6 months.”

Answer 28

A. “The best time to perform a self-exam is after a shower.”

Question 29

What is the meaning of cancer is in situ?

A. The tumor is found in its original place and has not spread from its original location.
B. The tumor is formed outside its original place and has spread within it localized site.
C. The tumor is cancerous and may spread.
D. The tumor is distant from its original place.

Answer 29

A. The tumor is found in its original place and has not spread from its original location.

Question 30

The category “M” in the TNM system gives detail about

A. if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and if this is the case, how much and the location of it
B. the number and location of the lymph nodes that have cancer
C. the size of the tumor that is growing into other tissues
D. if the cancer cells appear abnormal

Answer 30

A. if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and if this is the case, how much and the location of it

Question 31

The TNM staging system has been used to stage your patient’s cancer. The report says: T1N0M0 What is the meaning of N0?

A. Cancer in regional lymph node can’t be measured
B. No cancer present in regional lymph node
C. Cancer in distant lymph node can’t be measured
D. No cancer found in other body parts

Answer 31

B. No cancer present in regional lymph node

Question 32

During the admission assessment of a 35-year-old client with advanced ovarian cancer, the nurse recognizes which symptom as typical of the disease?

A. Abdominal distention
B. Abdominal bleeding
C. Diarrhea
D. Hypermenorrhea

Answer 32

A. Abdominal distention

Question 33

Which TNM classification has the poorest prognosis?

A. T0N0M0
B. T2N2M1
C. T4N1M0
D. T4N3M1

Answer 33

D. T4N3M1

Question 34

The nurse teaches a patient with cancer of the liver about high- protein, high-calorie diet choices. Which snack choice by the patient indicates that the teaching has been effective?

A. Fresh fruit salad
B. Orange sherbet
C. French fries
D. Strawberry yogurt

Answer 34

D. Strawberry yogurt

Question 35

As a shift leader making out patient assignments for the oncoming shift, how would you assign care of a patient that has had a sealed radiation source placed?

A. You decide to rotate staff and assign a nurse who has not provided care for the patient.
B. You decide to assign the same nurse who had the patient yesterday to continue providing quality care
C. None of the options are correct. Sealed radiation therapy has no special staffing restrictions.
D. You decide to assign one nurse to care for all the patients undergoing sealed radiation therapy to provide continuum of care.

Answer 35

A. You decide to rotate staff and assign a nurse who has not provided care for the patient.

Question 36

The category “T” in the TNM system stands for:

A. Time
B. Tumor (primary)
C. Tissue (primary)
D. Tumor (secondary)

Answer 36

B. Tumor (primary)

Question 37

Kimberly, a female client with genital herpes simplex is being treated in the outpatient department. The nurse teaches her about measures that may prevent herpes recurrences and emphasizes the need for prompt treatment if complications arise. Genital herpes simplex increases the risk of:

A. Cancer of the ovaries
B. Cancer of the uterus
C. Cancer of the cervix
D. Cancer of the vagina

Answer 37

C. Cancer of the cervix

Question 38

True or False: Al forms of cancer use the same grading system.

A. True
B. False

Answer 38

B. False

Question 39

A male client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the warming signs
of cancer. What is another sign
of cancer?

A. persistent nausea
B. rash
C. indigestion
D. chronic ache or pain

Answer 39

C. indigestion

Question 40

For a female client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the plan of care?

A. Placing the client in strict isolation
B. Administering aspirin fi the temperature exceeds 38.8C
C. Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift.
D. Providing for frequent rest periods.

Answer 40

C. Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift.

Question 41

Which of the following has been identified as a potential risk factor for the development of colon cancer?

A. chronic constipation
B. long term use of laxatives
C. history of smoking
D. history of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 41

D. history of inflammatory bowel disease

Question 42

What should a male client over 52 do to help ensure early identification of prostate cancer?

A. Have a complete CBC count, BUN and creatinine level checked.
B. Perform monthly testicular self-examination, especially after age 50.
C. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years.
D. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen test done yearly.

Answer 42

D. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen test done yearly.

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a non modifiable risk factor for cancer?

A. diet choices
B. smoking
C. age
D. obesity

Answer 43

C. age

Question 44

A nurse is conducting a cancer risk screening program. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk of skin cancer?

A. a 45 year old physician
B. a 15 year old high school student
C. a 30 year old butcher.
D. a 60 year old mountain biker.

Answer 44

D. a 60 year old mountain biker.

Question 45

The nurse is teaching the 48 year old client about recommended screening
practices for breast cancer. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the nurses instructions?

A. “My mother and my grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk?”
B. “I got a mammography every 3 years since I turned 30.”
C. A” clinical self breast examination is done every month since i turned
35.
D. “A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50.”

Answer 45

A. “My mother and my grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk?”

Question 46

Which one of the following is the appropriate nursing intervention
for a client experiencing stomatitis and mucositis as a side effect of chemotherapy?

A. administer anti emetic prior to chemotherapy.
B. Offer hard candy or mints
C. Avoid chlorhexidine mouthwash.
D. Avoid cool liquids

Answer 46

B. Offer hard candy or mints

Question 47

For a female client with newly diagnosed cancer, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to cancer diagnosis. Which expected outcomes would be appropriate for this client?

A. “Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety.”
B. “Client stops seeking information.”
C. “Client uses any effective method to reduce tension.”
D. “Client doesn’t guess at poor diagnosis.”

Answer 47

A. “Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety.”

Question 48

Nurse Shaina is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her breast. the nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by:

A. Breast self examination
B. Fine needle aspiration
C. Chest x-ray
D. Mammography

Answer 48

B. Fine needle aspiration

Question 49

A client with suspected gastric cancer undergoes an endoscopy of the stomach. Which of the following assessments made after the

A. The client displays signs of sedation.
B. The client experiences a sudden increase in temperature.
C. The client demonstrates lack of appetite.
D. The client complains of sore throat.

Answer 49

B. The client experiences a sudden increase in temperature.

Question 50

Which of the following is a risk factor for cervical cancer?

A. sexual experiences with one partner
B. sedentary lifestyle
C. smoking
D. adolescent pregnancy

Answer 50

C. smoking

Question 51

A 25 years old female client asks you when should be the BEST time to do self exam?

A. during ovulation
B. before menstruation
C. after menstruation
D. during menstruation

Answer 51

C. after menstruation

Question 52

The incidence and risk of cancer increases when smoking is combined with:

A. asbestos exposure and alcohol consumption
B. ultraviolet radiation exposure and alcohol consumption
C. asbestos exposure and ultraviolet radiation exposure
D. alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection

Answer 52

A. asbestos exposure and alcohol consumption

Question 53

After surgery for gastric cancer, a client is scheduled to undergo radiation therapy. It would be MOST important for the nurse to include information about which of the following in the client’s teaching plan?

A. nutritional intake
B. management of alopecia
C. exercise and activity levels
D. access to community resources

Answer 53

A. nutritional intake

Question 54

A female client is receiving
chemotherapy to treat breast cancer. Which assessment findings indicates a fluid and electrolyte imbalance induced chemotherapy?

A. BP of 65/120 to 70/130
B. dry oral mucous membranes and cracked
lips
C. Urine output of 400 ml.
in 8 hours
D. serum potassium level of 3.6 mEq./L

Answer 54

B. dry oral mucous membranes and cracked
lips

Question 55

A client has been receiving radiation chemotherapy for 3 weeks to treat his cancer. he is complaining of fatigue. Which of the following should be considered while the nurse plans interventions to help the client cope up with the fatigue?

A. Fatigue is an ordinary problem that requires no active intervention.
B. The client should be encouraged to maintain activities to combat the fatigue.
C. The client should be closely examined to determine the cause of fatigue.
D. Fatigue indicates that the clients cancer is not under control.

Answer 55

C. The client should be closely examined to determine the cause of fatigue.

Question 56

Lifestyle influences that are considered risk factors for colorectal cancer includes:

A. a diet low in vitamin C
B. a high dietary intake of artificial sweeteners (aspartame)
C. a high fat low fiber diet
D. multiple sex partners

Answer 56

C. a high fat low fiber diet