FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

VOID RATIO

A

e = n / (1-n)

e = Vv / Vs

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2
Q

POROSITY

A

n = e / (1+e)

n = Vv / V

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3
Q

AIR VOID RATIO

A

= (e - wGs) / (1+e)

= n (1-s)

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4
Q

DEGREE OF SATURATION

A

s = Vw / Vv

s = wGs / e

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5
Q

DRY UNIT WEIGHT

A

γ𝒹 = Gsγ𝓌 / (1+e)

γ𝒹 = Ws / Vᴛ

γ𝒹 = γₘ/(1+w)

γ𝒹 = (Gs+γ𝓌) / (1+Gsw/s)

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6
Q

UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL

A

γ = Wᴛ / Vᴛ

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7
Q

MOIST UNIT WEIGHT

A

γm = γ𝒹 (1+w)

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8
Q

ZERO AIR VOID UNIT WEIGHT

A

γ𝓏ₑᵣₒ = Gsγ𝓌 / (1+wGs)

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9
Q

MOISTURE CONTENT

A

w = (Ww-Ws) / Ws

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10
Q

SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT

A

γₛₐₜ = ((Gs+e)γ𝓌) / (1+e)

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11
Q

SUBMERGED UNIT WEIGHT OR EFFECTIVE UNIT WEIGHT

A

γ = ((Gs-1)γ𝓌) / (1+e)

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12
Q

MOIST UNIT WEIGHT IN TERMS OF DEGREE OF SATURATED AND VOID RATIO

A

γ = ((Gs+Se)γ𝓌) / (1+e)

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13
Q

PLASTIC INDEX

A

PI = LL-PL

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14
Q

LIQUIDITY INDEX

A

LI = (w -PL) / (LL-PL)

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15
Q

CONSISTENCY INDEX

A

CI = (LL-w) / (LL-PI)

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16
Q

SHRINKAGE RATIO

A

SR = m₂ / v₂ρ𝓌

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17
Q

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

Gs = (1/SR - SL/100)⁻¹

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18
Q

SHRINKAGE LIMIT

A

SL = ((m₁-m₂)/m₂)(100) - ((v₁-v₂)/m₂)ρ𝓌(100)

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19
Q

MOIST UNIT WEIGHT OF COMPACTION

A

γ = w / Vm

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20
Q

RELATIVE COMPACTION (%)

A

R% = (γ𝒹(ғɪᴇʟᴅ) / γ𝒹(ᴍᴀx-ʟᴀʙ)) x100

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21
Q

RELATIVE DENSITY

A

Dr = ((γ𝒹(ғɪᴇʟᴅ) - γ𝒹(ᴍɪɴ))/(γ𝒹(ᴍᴀx)-γ𝒹(ᴍɪɴ))) (γ𝒹(ᴍᴀx)/γ𝒹(ғɪᴇʟᴅ))

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22
Q

RELATIVE COMPACTION

A

R = Ro / (1 - Dr(1-Ro)

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23
Q

Ro FORMULA

A

Ro = γ𝒹(ᴍɪɴ) / γ𝒹(ᴍᴀx)

24
Q

HYDRAULIC GRADIENT

A

i = h/L

25
Q

DISCHARGE VELOCITY

A

v = ki

v = Q/A

26
Q

FLOW RATE

A

Q = kiA

Q = Av

27
Q

SEEPAGE VELOCITY

A

Vs = v/n

28
Q

CONSTANT HEAD

A

K = QL/Aht

29
Q

FALLING HEAD TEST

A

K = (aL/At) ln (h₁/h₂)

30
Q

HORIZONTAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

A

Kʜ(ᴇǫ) = (K₁H₁ + K₂H₂ + K₃H₃) / H

H = H₁ + H₂ + H₃

31
Q

VERTICAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

A

Kᴠ(ᴇǫ) = H / (H₁/Kv₁ + H₂/Kv₂ + H₃/Kv₃

32
Q

UNCONFINED AQUIFER

A

K = (Q ln (r₁/r₂)) / π (h₁² - h₂²)

33
Q

CONFINED AQUIFER

A

K = Q ln (r₁/r₂) / 2πt (h₁ - h₂)

34
Q

TRANSMISSIBILITY

A

T=Kt

T = (Q ln (r₁/r₂)) / 2π (h₁ - h₂)

35
Q

TOTAL STRESS

A

δ = Σγh

36
Q

PORE WATER PRESSURE

A

u = γ𝓌 (h)

37
Q

EFFECTIVE STRESS

A

δ’ = δ - u

38
Q

CAPILLARY STRESS

A

c = sγ𝓌h

39
Q

CAPILLARY RISE

A

h = c/eD₁₀

40
Q

TOTAL SETTLEMENT

A

Sᴛ = Sᴄ + Ss + Se

41
Q

COMPRESSION INDEX

A

Cc = 0.009 (LL-10)

42
Q

NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED CLAY

A

Sc = CcH/(1+eₒ) log (Pₒ+ΔP)/Pₒ

43
Q

AVERAGE INCREASE EFFECTIVE STRESS

A

ΔP = (Pᴛ + 4Pᴍ + Pʙ) / 6

P = APPLIED FORCE / ((B+z)(L+z)

44
Q

OVER-CONSOLIDATED CLAY WHEN Pₒ + ΔP < Pc

A

Sc = CsH/(1+eₒ) log ((Pₒ+ΔP)/Pₒ)

45
Q

OVER-CONSOLIDATED CLAY WHEN Pₒ + ΔP > Pc

A

Sc = CsH/(1+eₒ) log (Pc/Pₒ) + CcH/(1+eₒ) log (Pₒ+ΔP)/Pc

46
Q

SECONDARY SETTLEMENT

A

Ss = Ca’H log (t₂/t₁)

47
Q

Ca’ FORMULA

A

Ca’ = Ca/(1+eₚ)

48
Q

SECONDARY COMPRESSION INDEX

A

Ca = Δe / log(t₂/t₁)

49
Q

VOID RATIO AT THE END OF PRIMARY SETTLEMENT

A

eₚ = eₒ - Δe

50
Q

CHANGE IN VOID RATIO

A

Δe = Cc log (Po+ΔP)/Po

51
Q

ACTIVE SOIL PRESSURE

A

Ka = cosβ ((cosβ - √(cos²β - cos²φ)) / (cosβ + √(cos²β - cos²φ)))

When β=0
Ka = (1-sinφ) / (1+sinφ)

52
Q

PASSIVE SOIL PRESSURE

A

Kp = cosβ ((cosβ + (cosβ + √(cos²β - cos²φ)) / ((cosβ - √(cos²β - cos²φ)))

When β=0
Kp = (1+sinφ) / (1-sinφ)

53
Q

REST SOIL PRESSURE

A

Ko = 1-sinφ

54
Q

PRESSURE OF SOIL

A

Ps = Kγh

55
Q

PRESSURE ON ACTIVE OR PASSIVE COHESION

A

Pc = 2c√K

56
Q

PRESSURE SURCHAGE

A

Pq = Kq

57
Q

PRESSURE WATER

A

Pw = γh