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EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the focus of Thorndike’s study on problem-solving?

A

Cat’s ability to solve puzzle and obtain food

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2
Q

What is the emphasis in research in human thinking and problem-solving?

A

Higher-level conceptually driven processes

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3
Q

What is insight in problem solving?

A

The ability to see a problem in a way that allows it to be solved

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4
Q

Why is reliability a problem in experiments on complex processes such as problem solving?

A

It takes a long time to test an individual subject

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5
Q

What is the purpose of experimental control?

A

To observe the effect of manipulation of independent variables on dependent variables

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6
Q

What are verbal reports?

A

Over-reports

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7
Q

What is the feeling-of-knowing phenomenon?

A

The confidence in recognizing information that cannot be recalled

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8
Q

What was the accuracy of the feeling-of-knowing judgements made by the subject in Freedman and Landauer’s experiment?

A

73 % for definitely know, 61% for probably know, 51% for probably don’t know, 35% for definitely don’t know

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9
Q

What is incubation in problem-solving?

A

The stage of turning into other matters after failing to solve a problem

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10
Q

According to Poincare, what are the four stages in the thought process?

A

Preparation, Incubation, Illumination, Verification

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11
Q

What is the empirical approach to individual differences?

A

It aims to achieve the greatest degree of predictive precision possible by any means possible

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12
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

The extent to which a test accurately predicts a criterion behavior

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13
Q

What is the nature of individual differences?

A

Genetic difference underlie individual differences

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14
Q

What did Herrnstein and Murray argue regarding cognitive ethnic differences?

A

That black-white differences in intelligence test scores have a genetic basis.

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15
Q

What is Zuckerman’s study about?

A

The hormones and neurotransmitter associated with certain personality traits

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16
Q

What is placebo?

A

A treatment that is designed to have a therapeutic benefit but does not appear real

17
Q

According to Turing, when can a machine be called intelligent?

A

When an interrogator cannot distinguish between its output and that of a human

18
Q

What is construct validity?

A

The extend to which the test measures the construct that it is supposed to measure

19
Q

What is the difference between strong AI and weak AI?

A

Strong AI involves the belief that machine can have intelligence, while weak AI involves using computer programs to model human intelligence

20
Q

According to Ericsson, Krampe, and Tesch-Romer, what is the major contributor to musical ability?

A

Extensice practice for at least 10 years

21
Q

What was Gardner’s goal in developing the theory of multiple intelligence?

A

The broaden the standard academic definition of intelligence to include intelligences that are less tied to western cultural values

22
Q

Who were the first two authors to publish texts on social psychology?

A

William McDougall and Edward A. Ross

23
Q

What did Sherif study in social psychology?

A

The impact of social norms on behavior

24
Q

What is conformity in social psychology?

A

How groups influence individual behavior so that the behavior agrees with social norms

25
Q

What did Kurt Lewin provide a theoretical account of in social behavior?

A

Field Theory

26
Q

Why it is difficult for many proposed studies in environmental psychology to comply with the principle of informed consent?

A

Participants may not behave normally if they know they are being observed

27
Q

What statistical technique was used to evaluate results in the study by Evans, Palsane, Lepore, and Martin?

A

Correlation Analysis

28
Q

What was the conclusion of the study by Seagert, Mackintosh, and West?

A

Crowding impairs cognitive functioning

29
Q

What is the first commandment of the human factor?

A

Honor thy user

30
Q

What is dynamic visual acuity?

A

The ability to perceive detail in moving ibject

EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (2 decks)

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