Finals Flashcards
It is the process by which sensory receptor neurons detect information and transmit it to the brain.
Sensation
Changes in the ability to extract information from sensory stimulation that occurs as a result of experience.
Perceptual learning
In Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, it is a process by which an expert, when instructing a novice, responds contingently to the novice’s behavior in a learning situation, so that the novice gradually increases his or her understanding of a problem.
Scaffolding
What are the contributions of Jean Piaget to the field of human development?
Cognitive development
A person’s ability to see small objects and fine detail.
Visual Acuity
The ability to understand relations or solve problems that depend on knowledge acquired from schooling and other cultural influences.
Crystalized Intelligence
A numerical measure of a person’s performance on an intelligence test relative to the performance of other examinees.
Intelligent quotient
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, it is a term for the state of affairs in which there is a balanced, or harmonious, relation.
Cognitive Equilibrium
It is a simple procedure in which at least two stimuli are presented simultaneously to see whether infants will attend more to one of them than the other(s).
Preference method
The ability to perceive relationships and solve relational problems of the type that are not taught and are relatively free of cultural influences.
Fluid Intelligence
Operant conditioning occurs when something pleasant is removed from the situation following the behavior.
Negative punishment
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory refers to changes over evolutionary time, measured in thousands and even millions of years.
Phylogenetic development
In Piaget’s theory, it is when the individual begins to think more rationally and systematically about abstract concepts and hypothetical events.
Formal operations
In Piaget’s sensorimotor period, it is the idea that objects continue to exist when they are no longer visible or detectable through the other senses.
Object permanence
A relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavioral potential) that results from one’s experiences or practice.
Learning
Individual intelligence test for children; grounded heavily in information-processing theory.
kaufman assessment battery for children
It is the interpretation of sensory input: recognizing what you see, understanding what is said to you, or knowing that the odor you’ve detected is fresh-baked bread.
Perception
A modern descendant of the first successful intelligence test; measures general intelligence and four factors: verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, spatial reasoning, and short-term memory.
Stanford binet intelligence scale
In information-processing, a measure of the amount of information that can be held in the short-term store.
Memory span
A term psychologists use to refer to the activity of knowing and the mental processes by which human beings acquire and use knowledge to solve problems.
Cognition
In Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences, what type of intelligence is sensitivity to issues related to the meaning of life, death, and other aspects of the human condition?
Existential
In information-processing, it is a set of self-regulated processes involved in planning and executing strategies on the information just gathered or retrieved from long-term memory toward the achievement of some cognitive goal.
Executive function
In visual perception in infancy, it is the expansion of the image of an object to take up the entire visual field as it draws very close to the face.
Visual looming
According to Piaget, it is the process of modifying existing structures in order to account for new experiences.
Accomodation
A measure of intellectual development that reflects the level of age-graded problems a child is able to solve.
Mental age MA
In information-processing, a form of self-regulation that allows children to purposely choose not to attend to information.
Inhibitory control
In information-processing, moving from one strategy to another.
Set shifting