FINALS Flashcards
A change in the statistical
distribution of weather
patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time.
Climate Change
If the blooms appear
early, the blooms could already be gone by the time pollinators appear, creating what scientists call?
ecological
mismatch
Earth’s temperature has risen
by an average of ____
per decade since 1880
0.14° Fahrenheit (0.08° Celsius)V
The rate of
warming since 1981 is more
than twice as fast:
0.32° F
(0.18° C) per decade.
Air temperatures on Earth have been rising since the
Industrial Revolution.
refers to the variation in climate parameters caused by nonhuman forces.
natural variability
A persistent period of unusually hot days is referred to as
extreme heat event or a heat wave
occurs when there is high pressure in the atmosphere that forces hot air downward and traps it near the ground. This high-pressure system acts like a lock that prevents the hot air from rising. Consequently, rain cannot form and the hot air gets hotter.
heat wave
a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period of time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Water acidification; Ocean acidification or osteoporosis of the sea
Refers to the increase in the average
temperature of the Earth’s near-surface
air and oceans in recent decades and its
projected continuation.
GLOBAL WARMING
Refers to recent warming and implies a
human influence
GLOBAL WARMING
can cause
instability in the mountains or hills
and cause landslides. These often
trigger earthquakes too
Mining
drives deforestation, biodiversity
loss and climate change. It can
deprive forest communities of
livelihoods, and the natural
resources they rely on, and lead to
human rights violations, unrest
and violence
Illegal logging
When fossil fuels are burned, they
release large amounts of
CO2
____ trap heat in
our atmosphere, causing global
warming.
Greenhouse gases
a purposeful clearing or thinning of
trees and forests.
Deforestation
When
___ occurs, much of the
carbon stored by trees released
back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, which contributes to climate change.
Deforestation
Burning gasoline and diesel fuel creates harmful byproducts like
nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, benzene, and formaldehyde.
vehicles emit _____, the most common human-caused greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide
Solid waste contributes directly to greenhouse gas emissions through the generation of ____ from the anaerobic decay of waste in landfills
methane
the emission of __ from our solid waste combustion facilities.
nitrous oxide
Small amounts of heat trapping gases such as ____ play a key role in determining the Earth’s average temperature and thus its climates
water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4), and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)
water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4), and chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) are known as
greenhouse gases
They allow light, infrared radiation, and some ultraviolet radiation from the sun to pass through the troposphere.
greenhouse gases
natural trapping of heat in the troposphere is called
greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect first proposed by Swedish chemist
Svante Arrheniusin in 1896
Measured atmospheric levels of certain
greenhouse gases;___ have
risen substantially in recent decades –
caused by human activities: burning
fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation,
and use of CFCs.
CO2, CFCs,
methane, and nitrous oxide
___ is responsible for 50-
60% of the global warming from
greenhouse gases produced by human
activities since pre-industrial times.
Carbon dioxide
The main sources of co2 are __
fossil fuel
burning: coal, oil and natural gas (75%)
and land clearing and burning (25%).
the main driver of the greenhouse
effect
co2
contribute to
global warming in the troposphere and
deplete ozone in the stratosphere. The
main sources are leaking air
conditioners and refrigerators,
evaporation of industrial solvents
Chloroflourocarbon-
is produced when anaerobic bacteria
break down organic matter in moist
places that lack oxygen. These areas
include swamps and other natural
wetlands, rice paddies and landfills,
intestinal tract of cattle, sheep, and
termites
Methane
can trap heat in the
troposphere and deplete ozone in the
stratosphere. It is released from nylon
production, burning of biomass and
nitrogen fertilizers in soil, livestock
wastes.
Nitrous oxide
IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
According to IPCCthe earth’s mean surface temperature will rise __ between 1990 and 2100
1-3.5 ̊C
True or False
The northern hemisphere should warm more and faster than the southern hemisphere because the latter has more heat absorbing ocean than the land and because water cools more slowly than land.
True
approved a
Convention on Climate Change, in
which developed countries committed
themselves to reducing their emission
of CO2 and other greenhouse gases.
In 1922 Earth summit in Rio de
Janeiro, 106 nations
the resulting treaty
would require developed countries to
cut greenhouse emissions by the
average of 0.2% below 1990 levels
between 2008-2012; allow emission
trading, in which a country that beats
its target goal for reducing greenhouse
gas emissions can sell its excess
reductions to countries that failed to
meet their reduction goals; allow
forested countries to get a break in their
quotas because trees absorb carbon
dioxide; allow penalties for countries
that violate the treaty, to be determined
later.
In December 1997 representatives of
160 nations met in Kyoto, Japan to
negotiate a new treaty
“supply side” of food
security
Availability:
this is the economic and
physical access
Access:
the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food
Utilization:
stability of the other three dimension over time
Stability:
a state of being without consistent access to an adequate quantity of affordable access to food.
Food Insecurity
In PH, ___ families consider they are food insecure in 2013
8.8 million
In PH, families that consider they are food insecure have ___in their diet
rice and corn in their diet
Insuffiency:
2200 calories a day
___ American families suffer food insecurity
8.8 million
long term or persistent, access to education and productive sources
CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY
short-term and temporary, intervention
TRANSITORY FOOD INSECURITY
- between chronic and transitor
- seasonal fluctuation of climate
- cropping patterns
- labour demand
- disease
SEASONAL FOOD SECURITY
“food deprivation”
HUNGER
imbalances of intake of macro/micronutrients
MALNUTRITION:
cause of hunger, lack of adequate, and proper nutrition
POVERTY:
feeding programs in schools
and a bill seeking ban of softdrinks in
schools
DEPED (Department of Education)
Feeding programs in schools, Pantawid pamilyang Pilipino
progam (4Ps)
DSWD (Department of Social Welfare
and Development)
Sangkap pinoy seal program
operation timbang
DOH (Department of Health)
Philippine plan of action for
nutrition
NNC (National Nutrition Council)
Ensuring food security of the
Philippines
NFA (National Food Authority)
Nutri-paneskwelahan
NCP (Nursing Care Plan)
“Hungriest
Country in the World”
Central African Republic:
Device that is designed to be
used in fighting an enemy of a
war to cause bodily harm to
another
Weapon
Defend oneself from attackers
Weapon
Used to describe different kinds of
weapons with two important
characteristics:
A. the ability to produce largescale destruction
B. they do not choose who they want to attack which affects
usually the civilians
a part of a country’s activity
an ART and CRAFT
a symbol of STRENGTH and POWER
of a country
Undergoes EVOLUTION
used as a DEFENSE
WEAPON MAKING
3 TYPES OF WEAPONS OF MASS
DESTRUCTION
(Laura Reed)
1.) Nuclear Weapons
2) Chemical Warfare Agents
3) Biological Agents
Weapon that uses harmful biological agent (pathogenic microorganism/neurotoxin/
virus/bacteria) to cause death or disease on a large scale
BIOLOGICAL
Weapon containing any of several chemical compounds like chlorine gas, mustard gas, of which some are toxic agents, that are intended to kill, injure, or incapacitate an enemy.
CHEMICAL
Weapon combining radiological materials with a conventional explosive device.
Considered as the greatest weapons of mass destruction ever created
FISSION, or REACTION.
NUCLEAR
Devices that spread dangerous radioactive materials that is wrapped around a conventional explosive to spread toxic radiation.
RADIOLOGICAL
Caused by
variola virus
SMALL POX
Small pox is caused by
variola virus
Spreads
through direct
contact with an
infected
person’s skin or
bodily fluids,
air in closed,
confined areas,
and
contaminated
snail mail.
Small pox
Small pox is classified as
Category A
biological
weapon by THE
CENTER FOR
DISEASE
CONTROL
AND
PREVENTION
high
mortality rate
and easily
transmitted
through the air.
Small pox
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
high fevers
body aches
rash (develops from
fluid-filled bumps
and when healed it
produces scabs to
permanent, pitted
scars)
Small pox
Isolate the patient
until all scabs have
fallen off (304
weeks after rash
onset) to prevent
transmission of the
virus
Small pox
True or False
Pregnant
woman: should
not receive
smallpox
vaccination
True
True or False
Women can get pregnant
within 4 weeks after smallpox
vaccination
False
Women: should
be advised against
becoming pregnant
for 4 weeks after smallpox vaccination
One of the
deadliest and
most feared
agent of
biological
weapon
ANTHRAX
bacteria called
bacillus
antracis (found
naturally in
some animals
in low levels but
when its spores
are inhaled by
humans, it
becomes
deadly)
Anthrax
Anthrax is caused by ___
Caused by a
bacteria called
bacillus
antracis
Affects after 7
days of
inhalation and
death may
occur if not
treated
Anthrax
SIGNS/SYMPTOMSfever
malaise
fatigue
coughing
internal bleeding
blood poisoning
meningitis
Anthrax
ANTIDOTELarge doses of
intravenous and
oral antibiotics
(such as
fluoroquinolone
(ciproflaxin),
doxycycline,
erythromyacin,
vancomycin, or
penicillin)
Anthrax
A killer virus
that cause
hemorrhagic
fevers marked
by severe
bleeding
Ebola Virus
Hit the news in
the late 1970s
and spread through
Zaire and
Sudan, killing
hundreds
Ebola Virus
Ebola virus got its name from
Got its name
from the
EBOLA RIVER
(near one of the
villages in the
Democratic
Republic of
Congo where
the disease was
first
discovered)
Infects others
through direct
contact with
blood or other bodily secretions
Ebola Virus
SIGNS/SYMPTOMSBetween 2-21 daysHeadache
Muscle ache
Sore throat
Weakness
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Some: internal and
external bleeding
60 and 90 percent
dies after 7 to 16
days while some
patients recover
better than others
Ebola Virus
True or False
There is a cure for Ebola
False
