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CYTOGENETICS > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

Genetic structures of cells containing DNA

A

chromosomes

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2
Q

Each chromosomes has a characteristic length and
banding pattern

A

CHROMOSOMES

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3
Q

Each autosome is numbered from ______ sex
chromosomes either _______

A

1-22
X or Y

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4
Q

_________ is the constricted portion of the
chromosomes.

A

● Centromere

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5
Q

___________This is important for mitosis (cell
division) because it contains the microtubules for
mitosis which attaches the kinetochore

A

centromere

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6
Q

Autosome

A

1-22

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7
Q

Sex Chromosome

A

X or Y

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8
Q

sample taken from the
fluid of the amniotic sac

A

Amniocentesis

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9
Q

sample
taken from the fetal tissue that forms part
of the placenta

A

Chorionic Villus Sampling

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10
Q

__________are stained for easy visualization

A

Chromosomes

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11
Q

____________ used to view chromosomes in
metaphase of mitosis

A

Light microscope

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12
Q

Chromosomes arranged into homologous pairs
based on:
SBL

A

Size/Length
Banding method
Location of the centromere

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13
Q

____________ can be visually identified on
chromosomes after staining

A

Banding patterns

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14
Q

homogeneous staining by
Giemsa

A

Classic method

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15
Q

Classic method are use for __________

A

For mutagenic study

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16
Q

differentiation of individual
chromosomes and their parts

A

Banding method

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17
Q

For detection of numerical and structural
chromosome abnormalities in clinical
cytogenetics

A

Banding Methods

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18
Q

Trypsin or saline solutions — Different
denaturation of chromosomal parts =
Different staining by Giemsa (dark and
pale bands)

A

G bands

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19
Q

________ will denature protein. The denature
protein will live behind the__________ and the we stain that by _________

A

trypsin - resistant chromosome - Giemsa

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20
Q

Reverse banding (reverse to G bands)
○ Saline solutions at high temperature
○ The dark is due to the G-C rich
components of the chromosomes
○ The pale is due to the A-T rich compound
of the chromosome

A

R-bands

21
Q

________show the chromosomal makeup of an
individual. Knowing the number of chromosomes is
essential for identifying chromosomal variations
that cause genetic disorders.

A

karyotypes

22
Q

________show the chromosomal makeup of an
individual. Knowing the number of chromosomes is
essential for identifying chromosomal variations
that cause genetic disorders.

A

karyotypes

23
Q

E. INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM A KARYOTYPE
(4)

A
  1. Number of chromosomes
  2. Sex chromosome content
  3. Presence or absence of individual
    chromosomes
  4. Nature and extent of large structural
    abnormalities
    F. IMPORTANCE OF
24
Q

A technique that hybridizes a DNA nucleic acid
probe to a target DNA sequence contained within
a cell nucleus

A

FISH TECHNIQUE

25
Q

(FISH) to rule out:

A

Chromosome Microdeletion Detection
● Interphase Chromosome Enumeration
● Gene Rearrangements (ie, bcr/abl, PML/RARA)
● Cryptic Chromosomal Rearrangements
● Marker Chromosome Identification
● Chromosome Breakpoint Mapping

26
Q

Have specificity for a single human chromosome
arm. They contain a locus estimated to be within
300 kb of the end of the chromosome

A

Telomeric Probes

27
Q

The hybridized probe fluoresces with brightly
intensity along the length of chromosome

A

WCP Chromosome Painting Probes

28
Q

Most are Alpha and Satellite III Probes
● Centromere regions stained brighter
○ Means that they are rich in A-T bonds

A

Chromosome Enumerator Probes (CEP)

29
Q

Deletion Probes
● Translocation Probes
● Gene Detection & Localization
● Gene Amplification Probes

A

Locus Specific Identifiers (LSI)

30
Q

_________ is the formation of a
duplex between two complementary sequences

A

Nucleic acid hybridization

31
Q

____________is another term used to describe the
hybridization of two complementary molecules

A

Annealing

32
Q

The probe and target DNA are denatured together
● Faster, easier, and safer hybridization

A

HYBRITE

33
Q

_________ is labeled with a colored fluorescent
molecule

A

DNA probe

34
Q

This fluorescent molecule remains attached to the
DNA during the hybridization process

A

DNA probe

35
Q

The molecule emits a particular color when viewed
through a fluorescence microscope that is equipped
with the appropriate filter sets

A

DNA probe

36
Q

● Results are released in less than 24 hours

A

FISH

37
Q

Results are released in 7-10 days;because of the
cultivation of cells

A

Karyotyping

38
Q

Is a means to amplify a particular piece of DNA

A

Polymerase chain reaction

39
Q

__________ to make numerous copies of a
segment of DNA

A

Amplify

40
Q

__________ can make billions of copies of a target
sequence of DNA in a few hours

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

41
Q

__________ was invented in the 1984 as a way to make
numerous copies of DNA fragments in the
laboratory

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

42
Q

Its application are vast and _______ is now an integral
part of Molecular Biology

A

Polymerase Chain reaction

43
Q

_________ is a laboratory version of DNA replication in
cells

A

PCR

44
Q

The copying of DNA

A

DNA REPLICATION

45
Q

_________ is semi-conservative (i.e. one
strand of the DNA is used as the template for the
growth of a new DNA strand)

A

DNA REPLICATION

46
Q

This process occurs with very few errors (on
average there is one error per 1 billion nucleotide
copied)

A

DNA REPLICATION

47
Q

More than a dozen enzymes and proteins
participate in DNA replication

A

DNA REPLICATION

48
Q

In humans, __________ is the enzyme that can start
and RNA chain from scratch and it creates a
__________

A

primase - primer

CYTOGENETICS (2 decks)

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