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Bits to learn from Passmed/Mocks > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Acute pancreatitis Investigations

A

USS abdo for cause
then CT Abdo with contrast

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2
Q

Which nerves are affected by vestibular schwannoma

A

CN V VII VIII

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3
Q

Vomiting ABG

A

High Cl, Low K, Metabolic alkalosis, raised anion gap

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4
Q

Difference between Fe def anaemia and chronic disease anaemia

A

TIBC high in Fe def, TIBC low in chronic disease

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5
Q

CNIII Palsy

A

Surgical mx if pupil unreactive –> CT head
Medical if reactive pupil

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6
Q

When is a GLP-1 mimetic used

A

T2DM when pt is obese and on dual/triple therapy
Pre-diabetic and obese

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7
Q

eGFR that Metformin is CI

A

<30, use sulfonylurea instead

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8
Q

Mx of inguinal hernia in infant

A

Surgery ASAP

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9
Q

Crohn’s Mx

A

Acute - Pred, Biologics 2nd
Maintenance - Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine

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10
Q

Anorexia Changes

A

Everything low except G and C
High GH, Glucose, Saliva Glands
High Cortisol, CHolesterol, Carotinaemia

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11
Q

CKD Dx

A

Urinary ACR –> need early morning sample

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12
Q

Elevating the testis - Torsion vs Epidimitis

A

Torsion - pain NOT relieved
Epididimitis - pain RELIEVED

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13
Q

Most common cause of Viral Encephalitis

A

HSV

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14
Q

Htn + ACR > 30

A

Ramipril / ACEi

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15
Q

Cirpofloxacin s/e

A

Lowers seizure threshold

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16
Q

AAA presentation

A

Abdo pain, ? mimic renal colic
Hypotension and shocked, + abdo guarding

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17
Q

Pericarditis 1st line Mx

A

Ibuprofen + colchicene

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18
Q

OGT in pregnancy

A

24 - 28 wks

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19
Q

Mesenteric Adenitis

A

Inflamed lymph nodes in mesentery. Similar sx to appendicitis but follows viral infection. ?enlarged lymph nodes

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20
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Sx - Pyrexia, muscle rigidity, autonomic lability (htn, tachy HR and RR)
Raised CK
Mx: sop antipsychotic, give IV fluid and dantrolene

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21
Q

Trastuzumab use

A

HER2 positive
Monoclonal Ab targets HER2 receptors

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22
Q

Tamoxifen

A

ER/PR positive disease
SERM - 1st line in men or pre-menopausal women
Risk: clot, endometrial Ca, osteoporosis

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23
Q

Anastrozole / Letrozole

A

ER/PR positive
Aromatase Inhibitor - used 1st line in post-menopausal women
S/E - menopausal sx, osteoporosis, MSK pain

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24
Q

AML

A

Dx >75yr

Film - Auer rods, myeloid blast cells

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25
ALL
Dx - 2-5yr Film - Blast cells Philadelphia chromosome
26
CML
Dx >65 yr Philadelphia Chromosome Splenomegaly 3 phases - Chronic (last 5yrs, asymptomatic), Accelerated (abnormal blast cells take up high proportion of blood = anaemia + thrombocytopenia), Blast = V high proportion of blast cells = severe pancytopenia
27
CLL
Dx >55yr Film - smear or smudge cells Richter's transformation - CLL progresses to high-grade lymphoma
28
Temporal lobe focal seizure
Aura, racing feeling in stomach, writhing movements
29
Cataplexy
Transient loss of tone / collapse with strong emotion
30
Extradural Haematoma bleed in which vessel
Middle Meningeal Artery
31
Lymphogranuloma Vereneum
MSM Proctitis Lymphadenopathy
32
Cellulitis commonest organism
Strep Pyogenes
33
Thrombophlebitis Mx
NSAID
34
Gilbert's
Isolated high Bili in response to physiological stress
35
Anal Fissure Mx
Stool softener, diltiazem topical, botox, GTN
36
Total Anterior Circulation Stroke
Unilateral weakness or sensory defecit in face +/- arm +/- leg AND homonomous hemianopia AND higher cerebral dysfunction
37
Lacunar stroke
Pure motor hemiparesis or pure sensory hemiparesis or ataxic hemiparesis or dysarthria-clumsy hand, sensorimotor
38
Posterior Stroke
Brainstem or cerebellar syndrome, LOC, isolated HH
39
Weber's Syndrome
Midbrain Stroke, Ipsilateral CN III palsy + contralateral hemiparesis
40
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (Wallenburg / Lateral Medullary Syndrome)
Ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss Contralateral limb / torso pain and temp loss Ataxia and nystagmus
41
Anterior Inferior Cerebella Artery
Ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness Plus Ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss Contralateral limb / torso pain and temp loss Ataxia and nystagmus
42
Wellen's
Resolved CP Deep T wave inversion in V2-V3 Critical LAD stenosis
43
Bifasicular block
RBBB with L Axis deviation
44
Trifasicular block
RBBB + L axis deviation + 1st degree heart block (prolonged PR)
45
Pneumothorax
Primary - >2cm or sx then needle aspirate, <2cm or no sx d/c Secondary - >2cm drain, 1-2cm aspirate, <1cm O2 and admit 24hr
46
Granulomatous Polyangitis
Kidney, Respiratory and ENT problems cANCA positive
47
Transudate vs Exudate effusion
Transudate <30g/L protein Exudate >30g/L protein
48
Antibodies in hepatitis - acute or chronic infection
IgM = Acute, IgG = chronic
49
Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Gastric ca. metastasises to the peri-umbilical LN
50
HNPCC and FAP genes
HNPCC - MSH2 MLH1 FAP - APC
51
MALT
H.Pylori and Lymphoma
52
EATL
Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma --> associated with coealic
53
Difference between Haemolytic crisis, Aplastic crisis, Sequestrian crisis SickleCell
Aplastic - reduced reticulocytes, high WBC, low RBC, Parvovirus infection Sequestrian - increased reticulocytes, Blood pools in organs due to sickling, high reticulocytes compensate for RBC loss Haemolytic - rare, jaundice, pain, low RBC, splenomegaly
54
Alcoholic Hepatitis Bloods
High CRP, High WCC High Bilirubin, AST > ALT
55
Massive PE and hypotension management
THrombolysis
56
Hereditary Spherocytosis
AD condition Neonatal jaundice, chronic sx, gallstones, splenomegaly
57
Electrical Alternans
ALternation of QRS amplitude associated with cardiac tamponade
58
Hypocalcaemia
Muscle cramps and paraesthesia Trousseau sign (flex of wrist on BP monitoring) QT prolonged
59
Peripheral Arterial disease Meds
Atorvastatin and Clopidogrel
60
Achalasia Mx
Heller Cardiomyotomy
61
Bladder Cancer Mx
TURBT Intravesical treatment - BCG or mitomycin C
62
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Supraspinatus - abduction Infraspinatus - ext rotation Teres minor - ext rotation + adduction Subscapularis - int rotation + adduction
63
DKA resolution
pH >7.3 Ketones <0.6 Bicarb >15
64
Kleinefelter and Kallman
Klinefelter (47XXY)= High LH low testosterone Kallman (failed migration of GnRH neurons)- anosmia, low-norm LH & FSH, low testosterone
65
Phaechromocytoma
Give Phenoxybenzamine before B-Blocker Sx: palpitations, tremor, headache Ix: Htn ++, high urinary metanephrines
66
Quadrantopia
PITS - parietal inferior, temporal superior
67
COCP and cancer
Protective against ovarian and endometrial Increased risk cervical and breast cancer
68
SIADH
hyponatraemia, hypo-osmolar serum, hyperosmolar urine, high urinary sodium
69
ASpirin OD
Resp alkalosis then metabolic acidosis
70
Ix to Diagnose and monitor liver cirrhosis
Transient Elastography
71
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Allergic picture Fever, rash, arthralgia Sterile pyuria, White cell casts in urine, Eosinophila
72
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Raised unconj. bilirubin Raised LDH Mycoplasma pneumonia infection with anaemia

Bits to learn from Passmed/Mocks (1 decks)

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