FINALS

Question 1

The first evidence of an infused physical and supernatural reality came from ________ who excavated with grave goods from burials aged 120 million years ago

Answer 1

paleo archeologists

Question 2

Most anthropologists believe that organized religions began when people start

Answer 2

burial practices

Question 3

despite the ______ overwhelming Catholic influence, several remnants of our prehistoric roots still prevail.

Answer 3

Spanish colonizers

Question 4

Visayans call a huge tree as?

Answer 4

taw-an or enchanted

Question 5

In The SOUL BOOK: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion (Demetrio et al., 1991), one of the exciting concepts of the soul is _____

Answer 5

dungan

Question 6

_____ is an old concept of the soul, according to Visayans in Panay island.

Answer 6

dungan

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Dungan only exists when a person is alive

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

When a person dies, the Dungan that goes out of the body is now called

Answer 8

kalag

Question 9

Visayans celebrate November 1 and 2 as ______to pray for the faithful departed.

Answer 9

kalag-kalag

Question 10

Whatever happens to the Dungan will also affect the ______

Answer 10

physical body

Question 11

when an ________ (monsters or lost souls) damages your Dungan, your physical body will feel sick.

Answer 11

aswang or ungo

Question 12

shaman or witch doctor

Answer 12

albularyo or mananambal

Question 13

Aside from being an ethereal entity, Dungan also means _____

Answer 13

willpower

Question 14

willpower is also called as _____ in tagalog term

Answer 14

lakas ng loob

Question 15

As a person grows _____ the stronger the Dungan becomes.

Answer 15

mature

Question 16

_______ are prone to get sick because their Dungan has not fully developed yet.

Answer 16

children or infants

Question 17

According to the traditions in the ______ tribe of the Davao region, ______ are diety couples

Answer 17

Mandaya, buyag and usog

Question 18

could not bear any child, and because of that, they envy other people who have children.

Answer 18

buyag or the wife

Question 19

believe the soul or Dungan goes out of the body during sleep, and then it appears like small creatures – lizards, insects, or even birds (Magos, 1986).

Answer 19

Kiniray-a people of the province of Antique

Question 20

believe that the souls of their ancestors remain after death and that they get offended if outsiders trespass their land

Answer 20

Tau-Buhid Mangyans of Mindoro

Question 21

implying that the soul is like an invisible shadow that follows a living body

Answer 21

kaluluwa from the word duha

Question 22

most Filipinos regard them as ________ to __________ because of Western scientific influence.

Answer 22

myths and legens to the level of superstition

Question 23

criticizes calling prehistoric practices as “primitive” or “supervisions” in her book Babaylan: Filipinos and the Call of the Indigenous (2010).

Answer 23

Leny Strobel

Question 24

She stressed out the need to ______ the spiritual path

Answer 24

LenyStrobel, decolonize

Question 25

In the ________ world, there should be less ___for traditional beliefs

Answer 25

contemporary stigma

Question 26

Redemptorist Brother and anthropologist Karl Gaspar calls the ________ and _____ as "mystics in exile"

Answer 26

babaylans shamans

Question 27

One of the founders of Iglesia Filipina Independente (IFI), ______, highlighted folk religion's role in the inception of Filipino theology (Demeterio, 2012).

Answer 27

Isabelo delos Reyes

Question 28

What is IFI?

Answer 28

Iglesia Filipina Independente

Question 29

an SVD priest, contributed so much to Filipino philosophy and spirituality through the notion of "loob”

Answer 29

Leonardo Mercado

Question 30

Leonardo Mercado helped through notion of?

Answer 30

loob

Question 31

acknowledged the Filipino community's inner values in developing a better understanding of Christianity in the Philippines – that you should translate your spirituality into social justice by seeing God in the face of the poor

Answer 31

Sr. Mary John Mananzan

Question 32

have always been central to Filipino spirituality beyond the rituals and ceremonies.

Answer 32

looking back to traditional beliefs sense of belongingness family kapwa

Question 33

A spiritually mature Filipino must refrain from using ethnocentric terms such as

Answer 33

pagan primitive savage

Question 34

offers refuge to those who seek inner peace and hope.

Answer 34

religion

Question 35

said that faith makes people weak, claiming that "religion is an opium of the people”

Answer 35

Marx

Question 36

Marx said that religion is an _____ of the people

Answer 36

opium

Question 37

said that the “God” concept is a projection of what human beings want for themselves, a notion he says "theology is anthropology"

Answer 37

Feuerbach

Question 38

Feuerbach said that ____ concept is a projection of what human beings want for themselves, a notion he says _______

Answer 38

God theology is anthropology

Question 39

said that religion aids people to survive despite all the sufferings

Answer 39

Victor Frankl

Question 40

What aids the people to survive despite all of the suffering?

Answer 40

religion

Question 41

Who developed a psychoanalytic method called logotherapy?

Answer 41

Victor Frankl

Question 42

helps people find meaning in life by reorienting themselves towards their purpose.

Answer 42

logotherapy

Question 43

What did Victor Frankl wrote?

Answer 43

Man’s Search for Meaning

Question 44

logotheraphy is also called as

Answer 44

the process of curing the soul

Question 45

In logotherapy there are three sources of meaning

Answer 45

1. work (doing something significant 2. love (caring for another person) 3. courage during difficult times

Question 46

is inevitable in human life

Answer 46

suffering

Question 47

Who said this: "He who has a Why to live for can bear almost any How"

Answer 47

Nietzsche

Question 48

The cliché ________ is easier said than done because people tend to trespass personal boundaries.

Answer 48

respect all religions

Question 49

several psychologists contend that it is hard to

Answer 49

divorce the self and spirituality

Question 50

said in his works that spiritual experiences are "essentially rooted in the human psyche."

Answer 50

Carl Jung

Question 51

are "essentially rooted in the human psyche."

Answer 51

spiritual experiences

Question 52

Who calls the ______ as the sixth sense of humans?

Answer 52

William James 2. religious experience

Question 53

What is the book of William James?

Answer 53

The Varieties of Religious Experience

Question 54

are the "peak experiences" of humans.

Answer 54

spiritual acts

Question 55

Who stresses that spiritual acts are the peak experience of humans

Answer 55

Abraham Maslow

Question 56

said that seeking spiritual nourishment is a journey towards the "transpersonal self," for instance, a Christian brings "Inner Christ" within him/her.

Answer 56

Roberto Assagioli

Question 57

a major proponent of neurotheology, concluded that prayer improves the human brain as shown in many religious people's scanned brains – Buddhist monks, Christian nuns, Muslim Imams, and Jewish Rabbis, and Yoga masters

Answer 57

Andrew Newberg

Question 58

improves the human brain as shown in many religious people's scanned brains

Answer 58

prayer

Question 59

could be part of the inner wirings of every human being.

Answer 59

spirituality

Question 60

refers more to the individual practice of finding purpose and peace

Answer 60

spirituality

Question 61

refers to how much you abide by your beliefs

Answer 61

religious

Question 62

emphasizes in his book No Other Name (1985) we should not contain the ideals of religions under one box.

Answer 62

Paul Knitter

Question 63

is a vehicle, not a cage. People ride different cars and take other roads, but all are going towards the same destination.

Answer 63

Faith

Question 64

warns us against the extrinsic views on religion, which sounds like "what the Bible says" or "what the Pope declares" .

Answer 64

Gregory Baum

Question 65

Who said this quote: I came to the conclusion long ago that all religions were true and that also that all had some error in them, and while I hold by my own religion, I should hold other religions as dear as Hinduism. So we can only pray, if we were Hindus, not that a Christian should become a Hindu; but our innermost prayer should be that a Hindu should become a better Hindu, a Muslim a better Muslim, and a Christian a better Christian.

Answer 65

Mahatma Ghandi