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arabic grammar > finals > Flashcards

finals Flashcards

1
Q

what are the words for افعل قلوب?

A

CERTAINTY
علمت
رايت
وجدت

DOUBT
ظننت
خلت
حسبت

BOTH
ظعمت

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2
Q

what happens when افعل قلوب become part of a sentence?

A

when these words become part of a sentence, the word (مبتدا خبر ) after will become mafool because the action is being done upon both of them.
this rule is only applied when the fail-ul-quloob is at the start of a sentence

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3
Q

what is meant by a حرف?

A
  • letters that doesn’t make sense on its own
  • little words that are put into sentences with nouns and verbs to make sense of it
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4
Q

how many types does حرف have?

A

17

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5
Q

what is meant by حرف جر?

A

prepositions - makes the following word have a جر
joins the fail and ism together

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6
Q

what does ب mean?

A

‘with’

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7
Q

what are the uses of ب?

A
  1. الصاق - join 2 things together
  2. استعان - comes for ‘with the support’
  3. تعليل - stating the reason why
  4. مصاحبت - company
  5. مقابلا - in exchange
  6. تعري - requires a mafool
  7. ضرفيت - shows the place
  8. زل - extra
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8
Q

give an example of الصاق in arabic and english

A

زيد مع بعض أصدقائه
Zaid is with some of his friends

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9
Q

give an example of استعانة in arabic and english

A

كتبت بالقلم
I wrote with ‘the help’ of the pen

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10
Q

give an example of تعليل in arabic and english

A

انكم ظلمتم انفسكم باتحاذكم العجل
you oppressed yourself by worshipping the cow

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11
Q

give an example of مصاحبت in arabic and english

A

خرج زيد بعشيرته
zaid left with his family

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12
Q

give an example of مقابلا in arabic and english

A

بعت الفرس بمائة دينار
i sold my house in exchange for 100 dinar

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13
Q

give an example of تعري in arabic and english

A

ذهبت بزيد
i went with zaid

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14
Q

give an example of ضرفيت in arabic and english

A

جلست بالمسجد
i sat in the masjid

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15
Q

give an example of زل in arabic and english

A

ما زيد بقاإم
zaid did not stand

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16
Q

what is ت used for in terms of هرف جر? Give an example

A
  • an oath
  • can only be put with the name of Allah
    e.g تالله = I swear by Allah
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17
Q

what is و used for in terms of هرف جر?
Give and example.

A
  • an oath
  • can be used with the name of Allah and other names of Allah
    e.g والله = i swear by Allah
    e.g وارهمن = I swear by the most merciful
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18
Q

what is ب used for in terms of هرف جر?

A
  • an oath
  • used as “Allah” and other names of Allah and pronouns
  • با الله = I swear by Allah
  • بارهمن = I swear by the most merciful
  • بك = I swear by you
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19
Q

what category do ب,و,ت come into in terms of هرف جر?

A

OATH

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20
Q

what does كاف mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“like” or “as though”
- used for comparison
e.g زيدٌ كعمرٍ = Zaid is LIKE Amr

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21
Q

what does ل mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“for”
- used for belonging
e.g المل لزيد = the wealth is FOR Zaid

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22
Q

what does من mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“from”
- used to show a previous place
e.g
سرت من البصرة الى الكوفة = I travelled FROM Basr to Koofa

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23
Q

what does الى mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“to” or “towards”
- used to show a future place or position
e.g
سرت من البصرة الى الكوفة = I travelled from Basr TO Koofa

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24
Q

what does هتّي mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“until”
e.g
سرت البلد هتّي سوق = I travelled the city UNTIL (I reached) the market

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25
Q

what does في mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“in”
e.g زيد في الدار = Zaid is IN the house

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26
Q

what does على mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“upon”
- used to show the height or being on top of something
e.g زيد على السطه = Zaid is ON the roof

27
Q

what does عن mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“from”
e.g رميت السهم عن القوس = I threw something FROM a height

28
Q

what does مذ / منذ mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

منذ = “since”
مذ = “for”
- you can use either or in a sentence
e.g :
ما رايته مذ يوم الجمعة OR ما رايته منذ يوم الجمعة
I have not seen him SINCE / FOR the day of Jumuah

29
Q

what does رُبَّ mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A

“many a”
e.g
رُبَّ رجل كريم لقيته
there are MANY A men i trust

30
Q

what does هشا / خلا / عدا mean in terms of هرف جر?
Give an example.

A
  • they all mean “besides” / “except for”
    e.g
    خلا زيد = except Zaid
31
Q

what is meant by هرف مشب بالفعل?

A

letters that govern two words and come before a مبدتا و كبر

32
Q

what are the 6 words of هرف مشب بالفعل?

A
  1. اِنَّ
  2. اَنّ
  3. كاَنَّ
  4. لكِنَّ
  5. لَيْتَ
  6. لَعَلَّ
33
Q

what does اِنَّ و اَنَّ mean in terms of هرف مشب بالفعل ?
Give an example.

A

اِنَّ - indeed
اَنَّ - that
- “indeed” comes at the beginning of a sentence and “that” comes in the middle of a sentence
e.g
- اِنَّ زيد اقا أم = INDEED Zaid is standing
- بلغي اَنَّ زيد ا منطلق = I have heard THAT Zaid is going to travel

34
Q

what does كاَنَّ mean in terms of هرف مشب بالفعل ?
Give an example.

A

“as if” in the sense of ‘like’
e.g
كَاَنَّ زيد اسد = It is AS IF Zaid is like a lion

35
Q

what does لكِنَّ mean in terms of هرف مشب بالفعل ?
Give an example.

A

“but”
e.g
غاب زيد لَكِنْ بكر هاضر = Zaid is absent BUT Bakr is present

36
Q

what does لَيْتَ mean in terms of هرف مشب بالفعل ?
Give an example.

A

“if only” / “i wish”
- come for desire (of something that may not occur)
e.g
لَيْتَ زيدا قاأم = I WISH Zaid was standing

37
Q

what does لَعَلَّ mean in terms of هرف مشب بالفعل ?
Give an example.

A

“maybe” / “hope”
- comes for desire (of something that may occur)
e.g
لَعَلَ السلطن يكرمني = I hope the King will respect me

38
Q

what is the concept behind ما و لا مشابا بليس?

A

ما and لا have both positive and negative meanings.
This is because لا means “except” but it also means “no” ; and ما means “what” but also means “no”.
However, in this context they both come with a negative meaning or with a مبتدا و خبر. If it comes with a مبتدا و خبر, it will still be negative.

39
Q

what is the ruling of ما و لا مشابا بليس?

A

ما and لا come in the same meaning as ليس
In a sentence:
- the ism / mubtada will get a raf’a (dummah)
- the khabr will get a fatha

ما will come for all nouns (proper and common)
لا will only come for common nouns

40
Q

give an example of ما و لا مشابا بليس?

A

ما زيد بقاإم
Zaid did not stand

41
Q

what is meant by هروف ايجاب?

A

letters that respond to a statement

42
Q

what are the 6 words of هروف ايجاب?

A
  1. نعم
  2. بلى
  3. اِىْ
  4. اجل
  5. جير
  6. اِنَّ
43
Q

what does نعم mean in terms of هروف ايجاب ?
Give an example.

A

“yes”
- comes to confirm the statement before and clearly establish a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer
e.g
QUESTION: أجاء زيد - has Zaid come?
ANSWER: نعم - Yes

44
Q

what does بلى mean in terms of هروف ايجاب ?
Give an example.

A

“yes, of course”
- come in response to a negative (not literal, stating the obvious ; sarcastic) statement and makes it positive.
e.g
QUESTION: ألست بربكم - Is Allah not your Lord?
ANSWER: بلى - Yes, why not?

45
Q

what does اِىْ mean in terms of هروف ايجاب ?
Give an example.

A

“yes”
- comes after a question, to confirm something
- always comes before an oath
e.g
QUESTION: هل كان كذا - Did this actually happen?
ANSWER: اِىْ وا الله - Yes, I swear by Allah

46
Q

what does اجل / جير / اِنَّ mean in terms of هروف ايجاب ?
Give an example.

A

“yes” / “indeed”
- comes for confirmation of the information
e.g
QUESTION: جاءك زيد - Has Zaid come?
ANSWER: اجل / جير / اِنَّ - “yes” / “indeed”

47
Q

what is meant by هروف عطف?

A

letters which join (connective)

48
Q

what are the ten words for هروف عطف?

A
  1. و
  2. فاء
  3. ثمَّ
  4. هتَّى
  5. اَو
  6. اِمَّ
    7.اَمْ
  7. لا
  8. بل
  9. لكن
49
Q

what does و mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“and”
e.g
جآءنى زيد و عمر = Zaid and Amr came to me

50
Q

what does ف mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“so” / “then”
e.g

51
Q

what does ثمَّ mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“then”
e.g

52
Q

what does هتَّى mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“until”

53
Q

what does اِمَّ mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“either” / “or”
e.g

54
Q

what does اَمْ mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“or”
- used in questioning
e.g

55
Q

what does لا mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“not”
- negative
e.g

56
Q

what does بل mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“but” / “rather” / “instead”
e.g

57
Q

what does لكن mean in terms of هروف عطف ?
Give an example.

A

“but” / “however”
e.g

58
Q

what is meant by هروف تنبي?

A

letters to get the attention of a person
- in the case of an emergency and as a warning
- when calling someone to make them aware of something

59
Q

what are the 3 words for هروف تنبي?

A
  1. الا -
  2. اما
  3. ها
60
Q

Give an example of هروف تنبي

A

الا انهم المفسدون - Beware, they are the mischief makers

ها زيد قا أم - Attention, Zaid is standing

61
Q

what is meant by هرف نداء?

A

letters that get the attention of a person
- it is not used in a warning

62
Q

what are the words for هرف نداء?

A
  1. يا
  2. اَيَا
  3. هيا
  4. اي
  5. ء
63
Q

what is the ruling for هرف نداء?

A
  • اي and ء are used for people close in proximity
  • اَيَا and هيا are used for someone who is not close in proximity
  • يا is used for both situation

arabic grammar (1 decks)

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