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Communication Research Methods > FINALLLL > Flashcards

FINALLLL Flashcards

1
Q

Which mesurement is least effected by screwed scores

A

median

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2
Q

What are the ways to measure central tendency

A

mean(Interval/ Ratio), median(ordinal), mode (Nominal)

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3
Q

Central tendency mesures…

A

the center point of a distribution of quantitative data

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4
Q

Measures of Dispersion measures…

A

how much scores vary from each other/ how far they are spead out from the center point of the data

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5
Q

What is the most stable measure of central tendeny

A

mean

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6
Q

Interquartile range

A

difference between two ranges (upper minus lower)

this removes outliers

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7
Q

Variance

A

average distance of scores in a distribution from the mean in squared units

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8
Q

Type 1 error and is equal to blank

A

when you reject the null, accept the alternative when the null is actually true
Equal to the level of significance

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9
Q

Type 2 error

A

when you accept the null and reject the alternative when the null is actually false and the alternative is true

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10
Q

When a researcher’s goal is to try to support an exisiting theory by testing a hypothesis, what type of approach to reserach is this
deductive or inductive

A

Deductive
Deductive- general to specific
Inductive- specific to general

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11
Q

Power

A

is the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis

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12
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

states observed statistical outcomes result from the laws of chance alone

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13
Q

Inferential Statistics or inductive stats

A

measures to what extent a result is generalizable

and the likelihood of it happening by chance

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14
Q

Probability (P-value)

A

set value that research make, saying that if it reaches this number then it is probably not by chance!!!!!

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15
Q

Sampling distribution

A

mean of a number of random samples

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16
Q

Confidence

A

is the degree of assurance that the mean in the sampling distribution accuratley represents the mean of the population

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17
Q

Significance

A

level or point that the researcher is confident enough that there is a relationship within the study to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis

18
Q

Population distributino

A

based on frequencies from observations of total population

19
Q

Sample distribution

A

frequency of observations from a sample

20
Q

Sampling distribution

A

the expected freqencies of the staties from varous samples from the population

21
Q

Bell Curve

A

shows the probability theory (*of a score falling in a given area of the distribution) and the reliability of the standards error; is a normal distribution; can be postiviley sckewed, negativiley sckewed, Peaked or flat

22
Q

Chi-squared

A

examines the difference between the catagories of the independent variable
ONE-VARIBALE TESTS AND TWO VARIABLE TEST
USED IN NOMINAL DATA
CHI-SQUARE VALUE > TABLE NUMBER THEN SIGNIFICANT

23
Q

T-TEST

A

used with interval or ratio data; examines the differences between 2 groups of the dependent variable; uses inferential stats (Inductive-specific to general); test the signficance between teh difference of the two groups and see how much is the result of standard error using the bell-curve;

24
Q

Steps of conducting a t-test

A
  1. create null and research hypothesis
  2. set pvalue
  3. find the mean of measured variables
  4. Reject the null if the value is less then or equal to the pvalue
25
Q

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

A

Used with interval/ratio data; measures the differences between 3 or more groups of the dependent variable

26
Q

Correlation Testing

A

used to see if there is a statistical relationship between two or more variables

27
Q

3 Characteristics of a corrlation relationship

A
  1. correlation characterizes the existance of the relationsip between variables
  2. Correlation is not causation
  3. Only indicates that two or more variables vary together pos or neg
28
Q

Correlation Coefficent

A

the strength of the vary between the variables

29
Q

Multiple Correlation

A

compariting 3 or more variables

30
Q

Partial Correlation

A

compairing the relationships between 2 variable while elimminating the correlation with other variables

31
Q

regression analysis

A

given the relationship of variable x to variable y, how can we take values of x and predict y
y=bX+a
b and a =regression coefficents-they are constant and do not change

32
Q

Person r (Product-moment correlation)

A

used to calculate correlation coefficents with interval or raitio data

33
Q

Spearman

A

used to calculate the correlation coefficent of ordinal data; compare two sets of ranked scores for the same group of research participants

34
Q

Kendalls Correlation

A

Used to calculate the correlation coeffient of ordianl data if there are tied groups or when there are a pair of people ranking for each individual

35
Q

Nominal Data

A

numbers or names in no particiular order;
must be exhaustive
must be mutually exclusive
must be equivalent

36
Q

Ordinal Data

A

nominal + ranking order

Dont know the amount between each rank

37
Q

Interval Data

A

catergorize variable + rank order + equal distances between ranks

38
Q

Ratio

A

catagorize variable + rank order + equal distances between ranks + absolutue zero

39
Q

Why use an ANOVA

A

Because too many t-test causes additive error; causes you to not rely on .05 significance level but rather .1 or .15 going up .05 with each t-test used

40
Q

Two types of ANOVA

A

one- variable ANOVA- examines the difference between two or more groups on a dependent variable in interval or ratio data (also can be a repeated measure ANOVA)
Multiple- Variable

41
Q

Descriptive vs Experimental Research

A

Descriptive- uses only observation

Experimental-manipulates

42
Q

What are the two things stats do

A

show relationships

Calculate differences

Communication Research Methods (1 decks)

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