Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECC > finale > Flashcards

finale Flashcards

1
Q

Shock

A

Inadequate cellular energy production caused either by poor oxygen delivery or increased cellular oxygen consumption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Decreased oxygen delivery (DO2)

A

Diminished tissue perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Increased oxygen consumption (VO2)

A

Increased cellular metabolism (heat stroke, sepsis, seizures/ tremors, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why does energy production decrease?

A

No O2 = shift to anaerobic metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Determinants of DO2?

A 
Cardiac output (HR+SV) x
CaO2 (Hgb,SaO2,PaO2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shock Classifications

know about each – causes and clinical examples

A 
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Obstructive
Distributive/ Vasogenic
(“Call Help or Die”)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Shock Stages

know about each – clinical signs and outcome

A

Compensatory
Early Decompensatory
Decompensatory (Terminal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do Cats Differ?

A

Bradycardia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypotension. Smaller blood volume than dogs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Overall approach to shock?

A

Must identify and treat the underlying cause, and support patient to treat or prevent SIRS/ other complications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Where are the following useful for shock treatment?
Pressors
Chronotropes
Fluids
Vasodilators
Contractility
RBC Transfusion
Oxygen therapy
A 
Pressors – Increase SVR
Chronotropes – Increase heart rate
Fluids – Increase preload
Vasodilators – Reduce afterload
Contractility – Increase strength of contraction
RBC Transfusion – Increase hemoglobin
Oxygen therapy – Increase dissolved O2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List monitoring parameters for shock (in order of clinical applicability)

A 
Mentation
MM color
CRT
Heart rate
Pulse quality
Blood pressure
Urine output
CVP
Acid-base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Upper limits for shock dose of crystalloid and colloid? Know indications for each, and how to adjust if crystalloid and colloid are both used?

A 
Crystalloid:
Dogs 80-90 ml/kg, cats 50-60 ml/kg
Colloid: Up to 20 ml/kg
Administer ~25% of dose, reevaluate to treat to end points
Hypertonic Saline: 4 ml/kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major drugs for inotropic and pressor support?

A

Dobutamine – Inotrope
Dopamine – Inotrope (lower dose) or pressor (higher dose)
Both given IV CRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRS)

A

A local problem causing systemic inflammation (infectious and non-infectious causes – be able to provide examples). Essentially, an overreaction to inflammation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the major cytokines in SIRS?

A

IL1, IL6, IL8, TNF-alpha, Platelet activating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is multiple organ dysfunction caused?

A

Animal with SIRS has damage to vascular endothelium from activation of coagulation, complement pathways, PGs and LTs

17
Q

Which are the target cells for SIRS

A

WBC, Platelets, Endothelial cells

18
Q

Define multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

A

Severe, acquired dysfunction of 2 or more organ systems for > 24-48 hours not due to primary illness

19
Q

What are SIRS criteria

A 
Hyperthermia or hypothermia
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Respiratory alkalosis (low PaCO2)
Leukocytosis or leukopenia, left shift
20
Q

SIRS treatment?

A

Antibiotics
Gastric protectants and nutrition (to avoid gastric barrier breakdown)
Positive pressure ventilation (ARDS)
Anticipate and avoid complications
Critically ill – require 24-hour care facility and monitoring

21
Q

Zoonosis vs. Anthropozoonosis

A

Zoonosis: Found in animals, transmissible to people
Anthropozoonosis: Found in people, transmissible to animals

22
Q

Methcillin-resistant Staph aureus (MRSA)

A

One member of a group of bacteria which are highly resistant to common classes of antibiotics. Also includes MRSPseudintermedius. Zoonotic and anthropozoonotic. Therefore, infection can be harbored and cause re-infection.

23
Q

Biosecurity

A

Active steps to prevent introduction of hazardous threats (biological, chemical, etc.) into an environment.

24
Q

Identify 2 sources discussed in class of free, online resources available to veterinarians to develop sound infection control practices

A

National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians website (Model infection control document) and Canadian Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance (Infection Prevention and Control Best Practices document)

25
Q

Identify and describe 3 levels of infection control in an infection control plan

A

Engineering controls: Physical facility design to facilitate hygiene/ prevent human error
Administrative controls: Written policies/ procedures developed to address various aspects of infection control
Personal protective equipment: Contains, but does not eliminate, a hazard

26
Q

What is the role of the Infection Control Practitioner?

A

Addresses all aspects of the infection control plan, alters the plan to address changes in infection landscape, and enforces adherence to institutional policy.

27
Q

In a 2008 survey of veterinarians, what risk was identified for respondents without a written infection control policy (ICP)?

A

Lack of a written ICP = poor infection control practice.

28
Q

What is the single most important infection prevention tool?

A

Appropriate hand hygiene (hand washing, alcohol-based hand sanitizer use)

29
Q

What is the cardinal rule of disinfection?

A

Organic matter must be cleaned from the environment before disinfection can work.

30
Q

What is a nosocomial infection?

A

Infection that is not present or incubating at the time of admission to a healthcare facility

31
Q

What is the difference between active and passive surveillance?

A

Passive surveillance: Ongoing assessment tool to identify nosocomial populations and detect serious threats by reviewing medically indicated test results.
Active surveillance: Proactive protocol of performing testing to identify specific bacterial threats or evaluate hygiene programs

32
Q

Tentorium herniation

Loss brain fn progression

A

Ro➡️Ca: CPPDR

Consciousness 
Posture/tone
Pupils
Dolls eye
Respiration
33
Q

Stage tentorium herniation

A

DMPM

Dienceph
Midbrain: 👀 CN 3
Pons: 🚫 dolls eye
Medulla ➡️ foramen magnum ☠️

34
Q

Head trauma tx

A

🚫 GCC

✅sedate: ace/opiates/diazepam
✅hypertonic saline
✅mannitol

ECC (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions