Finale Flashcards
1
Q
Chapter one of Woodhead focuses on the importance of _____ in Christianity
A
Jesus
2
Q
At the end of chapter one Woodhead discusses how Jesus’ ________ sometimes acts as a severe “stumbling block” for people making it hard for them to subscribe to traditional Christian teaching
A
Maleness
3
Q
Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that Woodhead describes as part of the evidence that the Gospels give for their claims about Jesus?
A
His baptism
4
Q
Woodhead argues that the idea of Jesus as “the unique God-man” can already be seen in the New Testament writings of…
A
Paul
5
Q
Based on Woodhead’s presentation it seems that she thinks that ______ is/are the most important source for our understanding of Jesus
A
The Gospels
6
Q
Woodhead argues that the 4th-century Christians who helped authorize the Bible as we know it were trying to emphasize Jesus’ ________
A
Power and divinity
7
Q
Gospels are the primary way of…
A
Understanding Jesus
8
Q
4 Things that the Gospels give us to persuade that Jesus is the “God-man”?
A
- ) Miracles
- ) Teachings
- ) Resurrection
- ) The fulfillment of prophecy
9
Q
5 versions of Jesus of human
A
- ) Ebionites
- ) Adoptionism
- ) Gnosticism
- ) Jesus as God-man
- ) Docetism
10
Q
Human exalted by God and is great because God made him that way and great so God adopted him
A
Adoptionism
11
Q
People that reject Jesus’ divinity
A
Ebionites
12
Q
Jesus as divine more than human, Jesus is messenger sent by God to inform and information equals salvation
A
Gnosticism
13
Q
Only SEEMED to take on flesh and ONLY divine
A
Docetism
14
Q
In chapter 2 Woodhead discusses how early Christian leaders developed _______ for the purpose of maintaining or building unity in the church
A
Creeds
15
Q
Woodhead argues in chapter 2 that the Holy Spirit’s ________ can cause severe trouble for church authorities
A
Uncontrollability
16
Q
In chapter 2 Woodhead argues that early Christians were able to connect Jesus with the history of God’s work in the world by thinking of him as a “new _____”
A
Adam
17
Q
Based on Woodhead’s presentation in chapter 2 which of the following is the BEST statement regarding Christian artistic depictions of Jesus?
A
There are many ways of depicting Jesus
18
Q
Which famous Christian thinker is most closely associated with traditional Christian teaching about sin and its origins with Adam and Eve?
A
St. Augustine
19
Q
According to Woodhead the Renaissance period in the West is associated with….
A
Depictions of Jesus that are more human
20
Q
4 things that are important for Christians
A
- ) The Savior
- ) Sin
- ) Salvation
- ) The Spirit
21
Q
What are the 7 classic “topics” of Christianity?
A
- ) Theology
- ) Christology
- ) Pneumatology
- ) Anthropology
5) Soteriology - ) Ecclesiology
- ) Eschatology
22
Q
What do we say about God?
A
Theology
23
Q
What do we say about Jesus?
A
Christology
24
Q
What do we say about the Spirit?
A
Pneumatology
25
What do we say about human beings?
Anthropology
26
What do we say about salvation
Soteriology
27
What do we say about the church?
Ecclesiology
28
What do we believe about the last days?
Eschatology
29
What are the 4 main portions of church history?
1. ) Early church
2. ) Medieval church pt. 1 & early middle ages
3. ) Medieval church pt. 2 & high/late middle ages
4. ) Until present: modern church
30
30 CE/AD - 500 CE
Early church
31
500-1000 CE
Medieval church pt. 1 & early middle ages
32
1000-1500 CE
Medieval church pt. 2 & high/late ages
33
1500-2000 CE
Until present: modern church
34
What are the 4 important dates?
1. ) 312
2. ) 800
3. ) 1054
4. ) 1517
35
What happened in 312?
Legalization of Christianity (Constantine and the Edict of Milan)
36
What happened in 800?
Crowning of Charlemagne -- Holy Roman Emperor crowned by pope which framed Christian ideas about church and state (Working side by side but separately)
37
What happened in 1054?
Eastern and Western churches formally separate
38
What happened in 1517?
Martin Luther 95 theses
39
Who were the 4 important theologians?
1. ) St. Augustine
2. ) Thomas Aquinas
3. ) Martin Luther
4. ) John Wesley
40
4th and 5th century theologian who talked about original sin and total depravity
St. Augustine
41
St. Augustine believed in what 3 things?
1. ) Grace is a gift from God
2. ) The Church: good and bad together
3. ) Fallenness of sexuality is linked to the original sin
42
Catholic priest/monk (13th century) & university professor who believed in rationalism
Thomas Aquinas
43
Intellectual aspects of Christianity
Rationalism
44
Protestantism, salvation by faith, justification by grace priesthood of all believers participation of all in worship
Martin Luther
45
18th century English - founder of Methodism and small group Christianity as well as take up offering
John Wesley
46
4 Additional beliefs of John Wesley
1. ) Emphasis in exciting preaching
2. ) Took Christianity to people
3. ) Not bound by church walls
4. ) Linked head and heart
47
4 Important church meetings or councils
1. ) Nicea in 325
2. ) Chalcedon 451
3. ) Nicea 787
4. ) Council of Trent 1550
48
Nicea in 325
- Was called by Constantine
| - Topic: nature of Jesus and the idea of the Trinity
49
Chalcedon 451
- Topic: nature of Jesus and divinity/humanity
| - Results 100% divine 100% human
50
Nicea 787
- Topic: okay to use pictures? statues?
| - Result: because God became "visible" in Jesus there can be artistic representations
51
Council of Trent 1550
Response to Luther and Protestant reformation and rebuffed Luther and continued Middle-Age practices
52
Primary religion in Latin America
Roman Catholicism
53
In the last 50-60 in Latin America there has been a growth of
Charismatic Christianity
54
Emphasizes a better life NOW not just in Heaven
Liberation theology
55
What continent is historically mostly non-Christian and has native religions
Africa
56
In Africa Christianity was introduced by ________
Colonialism
57
Why was Charismatic Christianity experiencing rapid growth in Africa?
Native spirituality
58
Growing (recognized and underground)
China
59
Megachurches
Singapore
60
Mixed bag of religions
Paupa New Guinea
61
Christianity in place
India
62
Strong Presbyterian movement; many megachurches
South Korea
63
Helps people; older people offer wisdom
Good authority
64
Can discourage individual growth; people depend on leaders; people won't submit anyway
Bad authority
65
The term "Catholic" means ______
Universal
66
According to the author of your textbook, Church Christianity is marked by what 3 things?
1. ) Orderliness
2. ) Hierarchy
3. ) Social conservatism
67
Chapter 4 closes with Woodhead's discussion of how churches associated with Biblical Christianity are notoriously prone to....
Division
68
A highly important text in the history of monastic and mystical Christianity is the "Rule of.....
St. Benedict
69
- Led by Holy Spirit
- Often loosely organized (Spirit in charge)
- Often manifested in various groups but not restricted to specific denominations
- Prayer is a BIG focus - direct communication with God
- Can be highly individualized esp. In people's experience with God
- Often much more emotional in its expression than in other types of Christianity
Mystical Christianity
70
T/F
| Women tend to be attracted to Mystical Christiantiy
True
71
Late 1600s-1800s
Enlightenment
72
The Enlightenment placed emphasis on...
Individual reason for Christianity
73
Revivals
Affection and personal relationships with God
74
Western Europe/America changed; social justice issues start getting more attention
Industrial Revolution
75
Catching up with Modern philosophy/social issue
Modernity
76
Political revolutions
American, French and smaller European revolts (1848)
77
1960s emphasis on personal/individual opinions/values
Subjectivity
78
Two shifts
Medeival to enlightenment to subjectivity
79
Associated with Mystical Christianity
Charismatic Christianity
80
3 things Charismatic Christianity focuses on
1. ) The heart: Spirit
2. ) Gifts of the Spirit
3. ) Optimistic view of human nature
81
Associated with church & some biblical
Liberal Christianity
82
"Mainline churches"
- Presbyterian
- Disciples of Christ
- Some Methodists
- Episcopalians
83
Liberal Christianity places a big emphasis on...
Openness/acceptance as well as thinking for ourselves, solidarity with the changing world
84
Associated with Biblical Christianity
Fundamentalism
85
Fundamentalism focuses on...
- The heart: conservatism
- Traditions are good for us
- Inerrancy with regard to the Bible
- Reaching the modern world
86
Associated with Biblical and Mystical Christianity
Evangelicalism
87
Evangelicalism focuses on....
- The heart: personal relationship with God
- Very portable, sometimes devalues church membership/attendance
- Emphasis on missions
- Personal decision for Jesus
88
- Born in Ireland
- Went to boarding school
- Served during WW1
- After college became a professor
- Married late on to Joy
C.S. Lewis - Surprised by Joy
89
What members of Lewis' family are important to him?
Mom
Dad
Brother
90
Strict, physical punishment depended on his mood (changed after his wife died)
Oldie
91
Older school boy: mentor, pessimistic and materialistic
Pogo
92
What was an early theme in Surprised by Joy?
Theme of desires that are unattainable that hurt but are good, wanting something you can't reach
93
What were some important markers on Lewis' faith journey?
- Mother dies and it affect his view of how God works in the world
- Later on Lewis actively leaves faith of Christianity
- Challenging relationship with his dad
- While he is at Oldies his faith is being formed and shaped differently
- As a young man he had difficulties with prayer
94
- Houston Tx
- Reed College (highly secular)
- 2003 NY Times Best Sellers
Donald Miller - Blue Like Jazz
95
Important characters in Blue Like Jazz
- Dad = story of absent father
- Laura = student @ Reed's college; serious problems with Christianity and attracted but doesn't know why
- Penny = Christian friend and Preachers daughter to a church in the area
96
Important passage early on in Blue Light Jazz
Self reflection on pg 10, Romans 7, something not good - guilt
97
- Virginia (southerner)
- Interfaith (Jewish and Baptist)
- Cambridge: converts to Christianity
- Professor @ Duke
Lauren Winner - Girl Meets God
98
Important characters in Girl Meets God
- Friend Hannah: believer, married, met someone else and doesn't know if she is having an affair or not
- Stephen
- Pastor Mike: minister friends
99
Important passage in Girl Meets God
Courted by a very determined carpenter from Nazareth, miss things from paths not taken
100
________ has made its way into every part of our lives
Technology
101
Burdett calls Transhumanism a....
"Psuedo-religion"
102
"Project Cyborg"
Kevin Warwick, professor @ U of Redding, implanted technology in himself and wife and were able to control electronic objects and feel each other's sensations
103
Aim to improve aging, psychological, physical and intellectual capabilities through technology and to use technology to overcome "basic human limitations"
Transhumanism
104
Advancement through cultural means
Humanism
105
Advancement through technology
Transhumanism
106
Why should Christians be concerned because...
The changes are inevitable and they need to stay relevant if they wish to have any impact
107
Official international transhumanism organization called
Humanity
108
How many members make up Humanity?
6000 members
109
How many countries are involved in Humanity
100 countries
110
Who is one of the top leaders in Humanity?
Nick Bostrom
111
Therapy =
Ethical
112
Enhancement =
Questionable
113
Treatment for a disorder or deficiency which aims to bring an unhealthy person to health
Therapy
114
W.H.O. defines health as a...
State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
115
Health is defined by species specific and statistical norms
Juegrist
116
T/F
Enhancements add to good health and make them "better than good"
True
117
Enhancement is an intervention of any kind that improves some capacity that normal human beings ordinarily have or produces a new one
Allen Buchanan
118
Therapy and enhancement can't be differentiated by...
The act of taking or performing them (caffeine)
119
T/F
Some therapies lead to enhancements
True
120
4 Arguments for enhancement
1. ) Free to choose
2. ) What's the difference between material enhancements and biological ones
3. ) It's inevitable
4. ) Christians could advocate as co-creators with God
121
4 Arguments against enhancement
1. ) Undermines values such as hard work
2. ) Christians could say this altering the image of Christ
3. ) See it as an immoral cop-out
4. ) Crosses boundary; plays God
122
Regardless of position, Trans-humanism counters Christianity in stances on what 3 things?
1. ) Liberty
2. ) Human being
3. ) The nature of our future
123
In his memoir Dawkins describes his father his father's two brothers all of whom were born in Burma and who eventually spent much of their lives working in different parts of...
Africa
124
Dawkins explains that as a youngster he was not such an outdoor person as his father or grandfather but was always attracted too....
Philosophical questions
125
Given her time period and geographical setting on one occasion Dawkins' mother took the unusual step of...
Following her husband into a war zone
126
Dawkins sees an example of skepticism in his early life in a reaction he had once to the character of ...
Father Christmas
127
When Dawkins was at the Eagle School his favorite book was..
The Story of Dr. Doolittle
128
When Dawkins was at the Eagle school he prayed for...
His teacher to be transformed into his mother
129
- Noted atheist ("New atheism")
- Believes that religion faith is a delusion
- Coined the word "meme" originally in the context of genetics
Dawkins
130
What other book did Dawkins write?
The Selfish Game
131
What position at Oxford did Dawkins hold?
Chair of Public Understanding
132
What was Dawkins' academic career?
Zoologist and evolutionary biologist
133
T/F
Dawkins was raised as a Christian but converted to atheism because he believes theory of evolution provides better answers than religion
True
134
Dawkins as a kid...
- Liked to read
- Less practical than family
- History of religion in his family
- Exposed to religion @ school
135
Gonzalez begins his chapter with a lengthy discussion of the French philosopher named ______ famous for emphasizing universal doubt and strict rationalism
Rene Descartes
136
While rationalism Emphasizes knowledge gained through the exercise of "pure reason" _____ emphasizes knowledge gained through the human sense
Empiricism
137
In the 17th and 18th centuries a group called ______ rejected the extreme skepticism of the atheists as well as the narrow limits of traditional Christian orthodoxy, forming a religion based the natural instincts of every human being
Deists
138
The Scottish philosopher named _____ critiqued the idea that knowledge can be reliably gained from he senses because in reality all our sense can perceive are various attributes of things
David Hume
139
In the section titled "New Currents in France" Gonzalez discusses Francois-Marie Arouet better known by his pen name_____________ who applied satirical wit to criticize what he saw as the excesses of various philosophical movements
Voltaire
140
At the end of the chapter Gonzalez discusses the German philosopher named _________ who bridged the gap between rationalism and empiricism by proposing a radical alternative to both systems in his work "Critique of Pure Reason"
Immanuel Kant
141
- Born and raised in France but did most of his work in Netherlands
- "I think therefore I am"
- Catholic Christian that believe God exists
Rene Descartes
142
Getting knowledge through senses
Empiricism
143
- Mind is a blank state
- No innate knowledge
- All men created equal
John Locke
144
- Scottish enlightenment
| - We can't know anything for sure (skepticism)
David Hume
145
-Mid-ground between Empiricism and Rationalism
Immanuel Kant
146
Moral rules that can apply in any situation
Categorical imperative
147
Using brain to figure out the questions of the universe
Analytic philosophy
148
Republic better than monarchy/dictatorship
Politicis via Immanuel Kant
149
3 branches that create, evaluate and carry out laws
Montasceu
150
Physicist to Priest
Polkinghome
151
- Was a professor of physics at Cambridge in the UK
- Became a priest in the Anglican church in his mid-40s
- Knighted in 1997 for contributions to relationship between theology and science
- Worked on cloning
- 35 books mostly on science
- Foremost authority on science/religion intersection
- Believes in evolution
- Templeton prize for studies
Polkinghome
152
Muscles:
- What's available
- Benefits
- Concerns
- Increase in performance via genetic adjustment instead of steroids we can improve the DNA influence on muscles we can also heal/improve things like muscular dystrophy
- Cure immobility with old people, helps people with injured muscles
- Potential side effects of messing with your genes, genetic improvements can't be detected by things like blood testing
153
Memory:
- What's available
- Benefits
- Concerns
- Viagra for the brain: improving cognitive performance and memory there are pills and there MAY be genetic therapies
- Patients with Alzheimer's natural memory loss, memory loss as a result of trauma/stroke/etc. Eliminating memories on purpose
- Unfair enhancemetns of memory
154
Height:
- Improving height via HGH and genetic engineering
- Benefits: tallness is good because people treat tall people better
- Concerns: Tall people can ahve problems with their backs and feet
155
Who believes that it is our moral obligation to make humans better for our children and promotes overall human well being
Savulescu
156
Eugenics focuses on...
Society
157
Reasons enhancement is good
- It is the person's interests
- It is reasonably safe
- It increases the opportunity to have the best life
- It promotes or does not unreasonably restrict the range of possible lives open to that person
- It does not harm other directly through excessive costs of making it freely available
- It does not confer an unfair advantage
- It does not place that individual at an unfair competitive advantage with respect to others
158
3 aspects of ethical enhancement
1. ) The intervention cannot be delayed until the child can make its own decision
2. ) the intervention is plausibly in the child's interests
3. ) the child consents if competent
159
Humanity achieves emancipation through...
Scientific knowledge
160
Postmodernism can be defined as the...
Eruption of differends in the sociopolitcal horizon in the wake of the breakdown of grand narratives
161
T/F
| Aristotle learned by observation
True
162
Renaissance: humans looked at humanity as made in...
The image of God more than broken sinful Christians
163
Depiction of_______ tries to capture human detail
David (Statue)
164
it's good to question intellectual authorities
Reformation
165
Middle ages: shifts
1. ) Human beings became subject of sentence
| 2. ) Earth as part of creation vs. the center of the universe
