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BCOR > Finale > Flashcards

Finale Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter one of Woodhead focuses on the importance of _____ in Christianity

A

Jesus

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2
Q

At the end of chapter one Woodhead discusses how Jesus’ ________ sometimes acts as a severe “stumbling block” for people making it hard for them to subscribe to traditional Christian teaching

A

Maleness

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that Woodhead describes as part of the evidence that the Gospels give for their claims about Jesus?

A

His baptism

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4
Q

Woodhead argues that the idea of Jesus as “the unique God-man” can already be seen in the New Testament writings of…

A

Paul

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5
Q

Based on Woodhead’s presentation it seems that she thinks that ______ is/are the most important source for our understanding of Jesus

A

The Gospels

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6
Q

Woodhead argues that the 4th-century Christians who helped authorize the Bible as we know it were trying to emphasize Jesus’ ________

A

Power and divinity

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7
Q

Gospels are the primary way of…

A

Understanding Jesus

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8
Q

4 Things that the Gospels give us to persuade that Jesus is the “God-man”?

A
  1. ) Miracles
  2. ) Teachings
  3. ) Resurrection
  4. ) The fulfillment of prophecy
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9
Q

5 versions of Jesus of human

A
  1. ) Ebionites
  2. ) Adoptionism
  3. ) Gnosticism
  4. ) Jesus as God-man
  5. ) Docetism
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10
Q

Human exalted by God and is great because God made him that way and great so God adopted him

A

Adoptionism

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11
Q

People that reject Jesus’ divinity

A

Ebionites

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12
Q

Jesus as divine more than human, Jesus is messenger sent by God to inform and information equals salvation

A

Gnosticism

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13
Q

Only SEEMED to take on flesh and ONLY divine

A

Docetism

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14
Q

In chapter 2 Woodhead discusses how early Christian leaders developed _______ for the purpose of maintaining or building unity in the church

A

Creeds

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15
Q

Woodhead argues in chapter 2 that the Holy Spirit’s ________ can cause severe trouble for church authorities

A

Uncontrollability

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16
Q

In chapter 2 Woodhead argues that early Christians were able to connect Jesus with the history of God’s work in the world by thinking of him as a “new _____”

A

Adam

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17
Q

Based on Woodhead’s presentation in chapter 2 which of the following is the BEST statement regarding Christian artistic depictions of Jesus?

A

There are many ways of depicting Jesus

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18
Q

Which famous Christian thinker is most closely associated with traditional Christian teaching about sin and its origins with Adam and Eve?

A

St. Augustine

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19
Q

According to Woodhead the Renaissance period in the West is associated with….

A

Depictions of Jesus that are more human

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20
Q

4 things that are important for Christians

A
  1. ) The Savior
  2. ) Sin
  3. ) Salvation
  4. ) The Spirit
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21
Q

What are the 7 classic “topics” of Christianity?

A
  1. ) Theology
  2. ) Christology
  3. ) Pneumatology
  4. ) Anthropology
    5) Soteriology
  5. ) Ecclesiology
  6. ) Eschatology
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22
Q

What do we say about God?

A

Theology

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23
Q

What do we say about Jesus?

A

Christology

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24
Q

What do we say about the Spirit?

A

Pneumatology

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25
Q

What do we say about human beings?

A

Anthropology

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26
Q

What do we say about salvation

A

Soteriology

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27
Q

What do we say about the church?

A

Ecclesiology

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28
Q

What do we believe about the last days?

A

Eschatology

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29
Q

What are the 4 main portions of church history?

A
  1. ) Early church
  2. ) Medieval church pt. 1 & early middle ages
  3. ) Medieval church pt. 2 & high/late middle ages
  4. ) Until present: modern church
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30
Q

30 CE/AD - 500 CE

A

Early church

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31
Q

500-1000 CE

A

Medieval church pt. 1 & early middle ages

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32
Q

1000-1500 CE

A

Medieval church pt. 2 & high/late ages

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33
Q

1500-2000 CE

A

Until present: modern church

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34
Q

What are the 4 important dates?

A
  1. ) 312
  2. ) 800
  3. ) 1054
  4. ) 1517
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35
Q

What happened in 312?

A

Legalization of Christianity (Constantine and the Edict of Milan)

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36
Q

What happened in 800?

A

Crowning of Charlemagne – Holy Roman Emperor crowned by pope which framed Christian ideas about church and state (Working side by side but separately)

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37
Q

What happened in 1054?

A

Eastern and Western churches formally separate

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38
Q

What happened in 1517?

A

Martin Luther 95 theses

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39
Q

Who were the 4 important theologians?

A
  1. ) St. Augustine
  2. ) Thomas Aquinas
  3. ) Martin Luther
  4. ) John Wesley
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40
Q

4th and 5th century theologian who talked about original sin and total depravity

A

St. Augustine

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41
Q

St. Augustine believed in what 3 things?

A
  1. ) Grace is a gift from God
  2. ) The Church: good and bad together
  3. ) Fallenness of sexuality is linked to the original sin
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42
Q

Catholic priest/monk (13th century) & university professor who believed in rationalism

A

Thomas Aquinas

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43
Q

Intellectual aspects of Christianity

A

Rationalism

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44
Q

Protestantism, salvation by faith, justification by grace priesthood of all believers participation of all in worship

A

Martin Luther

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45
Q

18th century English - founder of Methodism and small group Christianity as well as take up offering

A

John Wesley

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46
Q

4 Additional beliefs of John Wesley

A
  1. ) Emphasis in exciting preaching
  2. ) Took Christianity to people
  3. ) Not bound by church walls
  4. ) Linked head and heart
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47
Q

4 Important church meetings or councils

A
  1. ) Nicea in 325
  2. ) Chalcedon 451
  3. ) Nicea 787
  4. ) Council of Trent 1550
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48
Q

Nicea in 325

A
  • Was called by Constantine

- Topic: nature of Jesus and the idea of the Trinity

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49
Q

Chalcedon 451

A
  • Topic: nature of Jesus and divinity/humanity

- Results 100% divine 100% human

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50
Q

Nicea 787

A
  • Topic: okay to use pictures? statues?

- Result: because God became “visible” in Jesus there can be artistic representations

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51
Q

Council of Trent 1550

A

Response to Luther and Protestant reformation and rebuffed Luther and continued Middle-Age practices

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52
Q

Primary religion in Latin America

A

Roman Catholicism

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53
Q

In the last 50-60 in Latin America there has been a growth of

A

Charismatic Christianity

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54
Q

Emphasizes a better life NOW not just in Heaven

A

Liberation theology

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55
Q

What continent is historically mostly non-Christian and has native religions

A

Africa

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56
Q

In Africa Christianity was introduced by ________

A

Colonialism

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57
Q

Why was Charismatic Christianity experiencing rapid growth in Africa?

A

Native spirituality

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58
Q

Growing (recognized and underground)

A

China

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59
Q

Megachurches

A

Singapore

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60
Q

Mixed bag of religions

A

Paupa New Guinea

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61
Q

Christianity in place

A

India

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62
Q

Strong Presbyterian movement; many megachurches

A

South Korea

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63
Q

Helps people; older people offer wisdom

A

Good authority

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64
Q

Can discourage individual growth; people depend on leaders; people won’t submit anyway

A

Bad authority

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65
Q

The term “Catholic” means ______

A

Universal

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66
Q

According to the author of your textbook, Church Christianity is marked by what 3 things?

A
  1. ) Orderliness
  2. ) Hierarchy
  3. ) Social conservatism
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67
Q

Chapter 4 closes with Woodhead’s discussion of how churches associated with Biblical Christianity are notoriously prone to….

A

Division

68
Q

A highly important text in the history of monastic and mystical Christianity is the “Rule of…..

A

St. Benedict

69
Q
  • Led by Holy Spirit
  • Often loosely organized (Spirit in charge)
  • Often manifested in various groups but not restricted to specific denominations
  • Prayer is a BIG focus - direct communication with God
  • Can be highly individualized esp. In people’s experience with God
  • Often much more emotional in its expression than in other types of Christianity
A

Mystical Christianity

70
Q

T/F

Women tend to be attracted to Mystical Christiantiy

A

True

71
Q

Late 1600s-1800s

A

Enlightenment

72
Q

The Enlightenment placed emphasis on…

A

Individual reason for Christianity

73
Q

Revivals

A

Affection and personal relationships with God

74
Q

Western Europe/America changed; social justice issues start getting more attention

A

Industrial Revolution

75
Q

Catching up with Modern philosophy/social issue

A

Modernity

76
Q

Political revolutions

A

American, French and smaller European revolts (1848)

77
Q

1960s emphasis on personal/individual opinions/values

A

Subjectivity

78
Q

Two shifts

A

Medeival to enlightenment to subjectivity

79
Q

Associated with Mystical Christianity

A

Charismatic Christianity

80
Q

3 things Charismatic Christianity focuses on

A
  1. ) The heart: Spirit
  2. ) Gifts of the Spirit
  3. ) Optimistic view of human nature
81
Q

Associated with church & some biblical

A

Liberal Christianity

82
Q

“Mainline churches”

A
  • Presbyterian
  • Disciples of Christ
  • Some Methodists
  • Episcopalians
83
Q

Liberal Christianity places a big emphasis on…

A

Openness/acceptance as well as thinking for ourselves, solidarity with the changing world

84
Q

Associated with Biblical Christianity

A

Fundamentalism

85
Q

Fundamentalism focuses on…

A
  • The heart: conservatism
  • Traditions are good for us
  • Inerrancy with regard to the Bible
  • Reaching the modern world
86
Q

Associated with Biblical and Mystical Christianity

A

Evangelicalism

87
Q

Evangelicalism focuses on….

A
  • The heart: personal relationship with God
  • Very portable, sometimes devalues church membership/attendance
  • Emphasis on missions
  • Personal decision for Jesus
88
Q
  • Born in Ireland
  • Went to boarding school
  • Served during WW1
  • After college became a professor
  • Married late on to Joy
A

C.S. Lewis - Surprised by Joy

89
Q

What members of Lewis’ family are important to him?

A

Mom
Dad
Brother

90
Q

Strict, physical punishment depended on his mood (changed after his wife died)

A

Oldie

91
Q

Older school boy: mentor, pessimistic and materialistic

A

Pogo

92
Q

What was an early theme in Surprised by Joy?

A

Theme of desires that are unattainable that hurt but are good, wanting something you can’t reach

93
Q

What were some important markers on Lewis’ faith journey?

A
  • Mother dies and it affect his view of how God works in the world
  • Later on Lewis actively leaves faith of Christianity
  • Challenging relationship with his dad
  • While he is at Oldies his faith is being formed and shaped differently
  • As a young man he had difficulties with prayer
94
Q
  • Houston Tx
  • Reed College (highly secular)
  • 2003 NY Times Best Sellers
A

Donald Miller - Blue Like Jazz

95
Q

Important characters in Blue Like Jazz

A
  • Dad = story of absent father
  • Laura = student @ Reed’s college; serious problems with Christianity and attracted but doesn’t know why
  • Penny = Christian friend and Preachers daughter to a church in the area
96
Q

Important passage early on in Blue Light Jazz

A

Self reflection on pg 10, Romans 7, something not good - guilt

97
Q
  • Virginia (southerner)
  • Interfaith (Jewish and Baptist)
  • Cambridge: converts to Christianity
  • Professor @ Duke
A

Lauren Winner - Girl Meets God

98
Q

Important characters in Girl Meets God

A
  • Friend Hannah: believer, married, met someone else and doesn’t know if she is having an affair or not
  • Stephen
  • Pastor Mike: minister friends
99
Q

Important passage in Girl Meets God

A

Courted by a very determined carpenter from Nazareth, miss things from paths not taken

100
Q

________ has made its way into every part of our lives

A

Technology

101
Q

Burdett calls Transhumanism a….

A

“Psuedo-religion”

102
Q

“Project Cyborg”

A

Kevin Warwick, professor @ U of Redding, implanted technology in himself and wife and were able to control electronic objects and feel each other’s sensations

103
Q

Aim to improve aging, psychological, physical and intellectual capabilities through technology and to use technology to overcome “basic human limitations”

A

Transhumanism

104
Q

Advancement through cultural means

A

Humanism

105
Q

Advancement through technology

A

Transhumanism

106
Q

Why should Christians be concerned because…

A

The changes are inevitable and they need to stay relevant if they wish to have any impact

107
Q

Official international transhumanism organization called

A

Humanity

108
Q

How many members make up Humanity?

A

6000 members

109
Q

How many countries are involved in Humanity

A

100 countries

110
Q

Who is one of the top leaders in Humanity?

A

Nick Bostrom

111
Q

Therapy =

A

Ethical

112
Q

Enhancement =

A

Questionable

113
Q

Treatment for a disorder or deficiency which aims to bring an unhealthy person to health

A

Therapy

114
Q

W.H.O. defines health as a…

A

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

115
Q

Health is defined by species specific and statistical norms

A

Juegrist

116
Q

T/F

Enhancements add to good health and make them “better than good”

A

True

117
Q

Enhancement is an intervention of any kind that improves some capacity that normal human beings ordinarily have or produces a new one

A

Allen Buchanan

118
Q

Therapy and enhancement can’t be differentiated by…

A

The act of taking or performing them (caffeine)

119
Q

T/F

Some therapies lead to enhancements

A

True

120
Q

4 Arguments for enhancement

A
  1. ) Free to choose
  2. ) What’s the difference between material enhancements and biological ones
  3. ) It’s inevitable
  4. ) Christians could advocate as co-creators with God
121
Q

4 Arguments against enhancement

A
  1. ) Undermines values such as hard work
  2. ) Christians could say this altering the image of Christ
  3. ) See it as an immoral cop-out
  4. ) Crosses boundary; plays God
122
Q

Regardless of position, Trans-humanism counters Christianity in stances on what 3 things?

A
  1. ) Liberty
  2. ) Human being
  3. ) The nature of our future
123
Q

In his memoir Dawkins describes his father his father’s two brothers all of whom were born in Burma and who eventually spent much of their lives working in different parts of…

A

Africa

124
Q

Dawkins explains that as a youngster he was not such an outdoor person as his father or grandfather but was always attracted too….

A

Philosophical questions

125
Q

Given her time period and geographical setting on one occasion Dawkins’ mother took the unusual step of…

A

Following her husband into a war zone

126
Q

Dawkins sees an example of skepticism in his early life in a reaction he had once to the character of …

A

Father Christmas

127
Q

When Dawkins was at the Eagle School his favorite book was..

A

The Story of Dr. Doolittle

128
Q

When Dawkins was at the Eagle school he prayed for…

A

His teacher to be transformed into his mother

129
Q
  • Noted atheist (“New atheism”)
  • Believes that religion faith is a delusion
  • Coined the word “meme” originally in the context of genetics
A

Dawkins

130
Q

What other book did Dawkins write?

A

The Selfish Game

131
Q

What position at Oxford did Dawkins hold?

A

Chair of Public Understanding

132
Q

What was Dawkins’ academic career?

A

Zoologist and evolutionary biologist

133
Q

T/F

Dawkins was raised as a Christian but converted to atheism because he believes theory of evolution provides better answers than religion

A

True

134
Q

Dawkins as a kid…

A
  • Liked to read
  • Less practical than family
  • History of religion in his family
  • Exposed to religion @ school
135
Q

Gonzalez begins his chapter with a lengthy discussion of the French philosopher named ______ famous for emphasizing universal doubt and strict rationalism

A

Rene Descartes

136
Q

While rationalism Emphasizes knowledge gained through the exercise of “pure reason” _____ emphasizes knowledge gained through the human sense

A

Empiricism

137
Q

In the 17th and 18th centuries a group called ______ rejected the extreme skepticism of the atheists as well as the narrow limits of traditional Christian orthodoxy, forming a religion based the natural instincts of every human being

A

Deists

138
Q

The Scottish philosopher named _____ critiqued the idea that knowledge can be reliably gained from he senses because in reality all our sense can perceive are various attributes of things

A

David Hume

139
Q

In the section titled “New Currents in France” Gonzalez discusses Francois-Marie Arouet better known by his pen name_____________ who applied satirical wit to criticize what he saw as the excesses of various philosophical movements

A

Voltaire

140
Q

At the end of the chapter Gonzalez discusses the German philosopher named _________ who bridged the gap between rationalism and empiricism by proposing a radical alternative to both systems in his work “Critique of Pure Reason”

A

Immanuel Kant

141
Q
  • Born and raised in France but did most of his work in Netherlands
  • “I think therefore I am”
  • Catholic Christian that believe God exists
A

Rene Descartes

142
Q

Getting knowledge through senses

A

Empiricism

143
Q
  • Mind is a blank state
  • No innate knowledge
  • All men created equal
A

John Locke

144
Q
  • Scottish enlightenment

- We can’t know anything for sure (skepticism)

A

David Hume

145
Q

-Mid-ground between Empiricism and Rationalism

A

Immanuel Kant

146
Q

Moral rules that can apply in any situation

A

Categorical imperative

147
Q

Using brain to figure out the questions of the universe

A

Analytic philosophy

148
Q

Republic better than monarchy/dictatorship

A

Politicis via Immanuel Kant

149
Q

3 branches that create, evaluate and carry out laws

A

Montasceu

150
Q

Physicist to Priest

A

Polkinghome

151
Q
  • Was a professor of physics at Cambridge in the UK
  • Became a priest in the Anglican church in his mid-40s
  • Knighted in 1997 for contributions to relationship between theology and science
  • Worked on cloning
  • 35 books mostly on science
  • Foremost authority on science/religion intersection
  • Believes in evolution
  • Templeton prize for studies
A

Polkinghome

152
Q

Muscles:

  • What’s available
  • Benefits
  • Concerns
A
  • Increase in performance via genetic adjustment instead of steroids we can improve the DNA influence on muscles we can also heal/improve things like muscular dystrophy
  • Cure immobility with old people, helps people with injured muscles
  • Potential side effects of messing with your genes, genetic improvements can’t be detected by things like blood testing
153
Q

Memory:

  • What’s available
  • Benefits
  • Concerns
A
  • Viagra for the brain: improving cognitive performance and memory there are pills and there MAY be genetic therapies
  • Patients with Alzheimer’s natural memory loss, memory loss as a result of trauma/stroke/etc. Eliminating memories on purpose
  • Unfair enhancemetns of memory
154
Q

Height:

A
  • Improving height via HGH and genetic engineering
  • Benefits: tallness is good because people treat tall people better
  • Concerns: Tall people can ahve problems with their backs and feet
155
Q

Who believes that it is our moral obligation to make humans better for our children and promotes overall human well being

A

Savulescu

156
Q

Eugenics focuses on…

A

Society

157
Q

Reasons enhancement is good

A
  • It is the person’s interests
  • It is reasonably safe
  • It increases the opportunity to have the best life
  • It promotes or does not unreasonably restrict the range of possible lives open to that person
  • It does not harm other directly through excessive costs of making it freely available
  • It does not confer an unfair advantage
  • It does not place that individual at an unfair competitive advantage with respect to others
158
Q

3 aspects of ethical enhancement

A
  1. ) The intervention cannot be delayed until the child can make its own decision
  2. ) the intervention is plausibly in the child’s interests
  3. ) the child consents if competent
159
Q

Humanity achieves emancipation through…

A

Scientific knowledge

160
Q

Postmodernism can be defined as the…

A

Eruption of differends in the sociopolitcal horizon in the wake of the breakdown of grand narratives

161
Q

T/F

Aristotle learned by observation

A

True

162
Q

Renaissance: humans looked at humanity as made in…

A

The image of God more than broken sinful Christians

163
Q

Depiction of_______ tries to capture human detail

A

David (Statue)

164
Q

it’s good to question intellectual authorities

A

Reformation

165
Q

Middle ages: shifts

A
  1. ) Human beings became subject of sentence

2. ) Earth as part of creation vs. the center of the universe

BCOR (3 decks)

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