Final yaaaaaaaaaaaa Flashcards
CIAM (1933)
About urban planning. Le Corbusier. Cities must accommodate housing, work, recreation and traffic. Design the city around human scale- biological, scientific and psychological approach
Scott (1998)
Written about the negatives of Authoritarian high modernism and how certain schemes to improve human conditions have failed (Brasilia)
Peter Eisenman (1976)
Challenges the human centeredness of architecture. Believes that autonomous architecture is a formal language and tied to a design process
Pier Vittorio Aureli (2008)
Architecture refuses: speaks about what kind of things architects refuse to do
Norberg-Shultz (1996)
Meaning of the building- dismantling functionlism
Kenneth Framption (1983)
critique of critical regionalism
Keith Eggener (2002)
Critiques critical regionalism. Its is a post colonial concept.
Juhani Pallasmaa (2000)
Fragile architecture involves experience, touch, senses. Not really to do with functionality more about experience.
critiques flat surfaces and uniformity.
Team 10 (1962)
Wanted to reintroduce community into the experience of modern architecture
Guy Debord (1967)
Talking about urbanization, technology, aesthetic, reconstructing the whole environment to show power
Jeremy Till (2009a)
Everyday architecture. Lo-Fi architecture- do best designs but be conscious of the conditions which that design will finally encounter.
Rem Koolhaas (1977)
The culture of congestion. Uses manhattan to show the high density, high rise urban form.
Bernard Tschumi (1983)
There is no space without event, no architecture without program
William McDonough and Michael Braungart (2002)
Cradle to cradle- reducing the negative impacts of commerce to a new paradigm of increasing its positive impacts
- flow of industrial materials
- renewable energy
- 4 R’s
William McDonough (1996)
The 9 Hannover principles
- humanity and nature co-exist
- interdependance
- respect relationships between spirit and nature
- accept responsibility for the consequences of design on human well-being
- create safe objects of long term value
- Eliminate the concept of waste
- rely on natural energy flows
- understand the limitation of design
- seek constant improvement by sharing of knowledge
Shannon May (2010)
Proposes a master plan- mediate environmental impacts, more sustainable living. Ecological preservation must become part of the design process
Prince-Ramus (2011)
Talks about REX design principles. Positive social agents, hyper-rationality- maximum performance design and building
Keller Easterling (2003)
methods of demolishing, imploding and other measures are essential skills for architects. Ideas of space- making new spaces, growth- normal process.
Jorge Otero Poilos (2007)
Conservation and cleaning. Thinking about how to clean architecture, who’s role it has predominately been society- womens. Cleaning for celebration of the material removed from the building.
Rem Koolhaas (2002)
Junkspace- what remains after modernization has run its course. buildings or large spaces like malls that run their course and are just shells of buildings abandoned to deteriorate
Authoritarian High Modernism
a form of modernity, characterized by an unfaltering confidence in science and technology as means to reorder the social and natural world
CIAM, Charter of Athens
International Congresses of Modern Architecture, was an organization founded in 1928 involved the most prominent architects of the time. Charter of Athens a document on urban planning by Le Corbusier in 1943
Modernity
refers to the typical features of modern times and the way these features are experienced by the individual, such as big shopping boulevards and automobiles. It’s an attitude about life that is associated with continual evolution and transformation, with an orientation toward a future that will be different from the past and from the present.
Modernization
is used to describe the process of social development, including technological advances, industrialization, urbanization, population explosions, and the rise of bureaucracy, nation states, mass communication systems, democratization, and a capital world market.
Modernism
is a generic term for theoretical and artistic ideas about modernity that enable men and women to assume control over the changes taking place in the world.
Architectural silence (Rossi)
Rossi thought autonomous architecture was about architectural silence- experienced.
Post-functionalism (Eisenman)
Against functionalism. His ideas are not derived through needs but from ideas of space.
Absolute Architecture (Aureli)
an attempt to redefine architectural form through its social and cultural power
Genius Loci (or Spirit of Place)
The prevailing character or atmosphere of a place.
Critical regionalism
strives to counter the placenessness and lack of identity of the international style of architecture. Seeks to mediate between global and local languages of architecture.
Fragile or weak architecture (Pallasmaa)
Buildings should have opacity, depth, sensory invitation, discovery and mystery. Experience of the space, touch, senses. Critiques flat surfaces and materials, uniformity.
Team 10
Group of architects that spit from CIAM at the 10th meeting. Wanted to reintroduce community into the experience of modern architecture, human association and social concerns.
clustered urbanism (smithsons)
City planning that promoted corridor streets that were organically made, cluster growth.
Situationist International
Leader Guy Debord
constructions of situations is their central theory. Transforming of the city to make life exciting. Doubted functionlism. Celebrated the “everyday”
Situations
transitory micro-world and play of events
Unitary Town Planning
Situationist International urban matrix built by people and for people, world-wide city for the future
Derive
A technique of rapid passage through varied ambiances. “unplanned walk-about the city”
Detournement
Technique of turning expressions of the capitalist system against itself. eg pepsi
Plug-in urbanism (Archigram)
components of the city are “plugged” together.
Bottom up verses top down design and planning
Bottom up: design is about piecing together systems to create more complex systems
Top down: design process starts with the big picture then breaks down to smaller segments.
Everyday architecture
Designing around the clients everyday needs
Lo-fi architecture
asks architects to design to their highest ability and be acutely conscious of the conditions which that design will finally encounter
Architectural parable (eg. Exodus, or the voluntary prisoners of architecture)
A “imagined” strip of desirable metropolitan area in the center of London, dividing the city into good half and bad half. People begging for admission to the good part (utopia) those in the bad half desired escape. Creating a great urban exodus.
Culture of congrestion
Instead of a utopian Manhattan, Koolhaas suggested it to be more about a flow of humanist desire. Modern building will reinvent and imagine the city life.
Event, Superimposition, cross-programming, disjunction (Tschumi)
Event: a nod to situationsit international “situations”
Superimposition: combing forms, allowing simultanious conditions to extist
Cross-programming: multiple, untraditional programs
disjunction: rejection of synthesis in favor of dissociation
Hyper-rationality (REX)
Time for architecture to DO things again NOT just REPRESENT things.
Want performance based architecture
Cradle to Cradle
A framework that goes beyond traditional goals of reducing negative impacts of commerce to a new paradigm of increasing positive impacts.
Eliminates the concept of waste
Hannover Principles (9)
- humanity and nature co-exist
- interdependance
- respect relationships between spirit and nature
- accept responsibility for the consequences of design on human well-being
- create safe objects of long term value
- Eliminate the concept of waste
- rely on natural energy flows
- understand the limitation of design
- seek constant improvement by sharing of knowledge
Ecological Modernism
unabashed support of industrialization and urbanization, along with its authoritarian and de-contextualized practices.
Subtraction
demolition of buildings - it can be part of the architectural ethos that promotes essentialist values
cleaning and conservation
How architecture is maintained and cleaned. eg, Ethics of Dust, Balzano, Italy, 2008 by Jorge Otero-Pailos: the project cleaned dirt off the walls onto sheets for display
preservation (Koolhaas)
Koolhaas Houselife- home made for a couple, husband was in a wheelchair, shows how the cleaning lady navigated spaces to clean the home.
Kenneth Framptons 6 points of an architecture resistance (Critical regionalism)
- Culture and civilization- how to become modern
- Rise and fall of the Avant-Garde- critique of autonomy
- Critical Regionalism and World culture-
- The resistance of the Place-Form
- Culture verses nature: Topography, context, climate, light and tectonic form
- The visual verses the tactile- not a style but a process
Cradle to crade: 4 R’s
Reduce, Reuse, Recylce, Regulate
Autonomy
Peter Eisenman House VI- anti functionalism
Authencity
Norberg-Shultz- dismantling functionalism, more about meaning of a building. buildings “respond” to things eg the baker house, MIT by Alvar Alto- it responds to the river
Activism
Redefining modernism.
Team 10- reintroduce community
Smithsons- use of space for human interaction.
eg. Economist Building in London. created a pedestrian platform within buildings- mediated human interaction off the busy London streets.
Fiction
Exodus by Rem Koolhaas. Strip in the middle of London dividing it into good and bad half. Utopian concept people want in good part and want out of bad part. Isolated from the outside world. Power of architecture- political like the Berlin wall.
Hyper- rationality
sustainability. reducing negative impacts on environment and ecology. renewable energy. rooftop gardens.
eg. Park 2020 masterplan in the Netherlands- plan for green buildings, rooftop gardens, trees to help with noise control etc.
Maintenance
How architecture is cleaned. Rem Koolhass- wheelchair house
Jorge otedo-Pailos- cleaning dirt of of the walls and showcasing it as a celebration of material.
